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Sebastian J, Olaru ID, Giannakis A, Arentz M, Kik SV, Ruhwald M, Linsen S, Günther G, Wolf P, Herth FJ, Weber T, Denkinger CM. Detection of other pathologies when utilising computer-assisted digital solutions for TB screening. IJTLD OPEN 2024; 1:533-539. [PMID: 39679206 PMCID: PMC11636493 DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer-aided detection (CAD) tools for TB detection have the potential to enable screening programmes and reduce the diagnostic gap in settings where access to radiologists is limited. However, there are concerns that other common chest X-ray (CXR) abnormalities not due to TB may be missed. METHODS We assessed the performance of three commercialised CAD tools (qXR, INSIGHT CXR and DrAIDTM TB XR) to detect common non-TB abnormalities against readings with a standardised annotation guide by an expert radiologist. More than 20 well-characterised diagnoses besides TB significant in TB high-burden countries were examined. RESULTS The 517 CXRs included were deemed abnormal by the three CAD with a sensitivity of respectively 97% (95% CI 95-98), 94% (95% CI 91-95), and 87% (95% CI 84-90) for INSIGHT CXR, qXR, and DrAID. The CAD generally detected abnormalities in patients with critical diagnoses such as lung cancer or heart failure. Performance for detecting other abnormalities was variable. CONCLUSION This study showed that the three CAD tools identified CXRs as abnormal when diseases other than TB were present. Our findings alleviate ethical concerns of missing abnormalities other than TB when using commercially available CAD for TB screening and show their potential broader applicability.
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Wolf P, Ceovic R, Conrad C, Falkensteiner K, Graier T, Kołt-Kamińska M, Marovt M, Mateeva V, Maul JT, Navarini AA, Nicolescu AC, Ratzinger G, Pavlovsky L, Sanzharovskaya M, Szegedi A, Reich A. Characteristics and management of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP): Experience from the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) GPP Expert Network. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:1531-1542. [PMID: 38279888 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, inflammatory skin disease characterized by widespread eruption of sterile pustules with or without systemic symptoms. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the demographics of patients with GPP in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), present the clinical characteristics of individual GPP flares and explore the current treatment landscape. METHODS Patient demographics were collected at the times of last observation and previous treatment. Characteristics of a patient's last (most recent) and most severe (from all documented episodes) flare were provided at clinician's discretion. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were recruited from 12 centres in nine CEE countries; median (range) age was 61 (16-92) years and 60.3% (35 out of 58) were female. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (43.1% [25 out of 58]) and hyperlipidaemia (32.8% [19 out of 58]). Thirty-four patients (58.6%) presented with concomitant plaque psoriasis before or during the course of GPP. Data from two separate flares were recorded in 26 individuals; in 32 patients, the most recent flare was reported as the most severe. Over 90% of patients with a flare episode classified as most severe by clinicians were hospitalized, with >75% of these individuals having a Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Physician Global Assessment (GPPGA) total score of 3 or 4. Systemic symptoms were more common in patients with a GPPGA score of 3 or 4 but were also manifest in individuals with a GPPGA score ≤2. A significant correlation was observed between a combined systemic disease score of clinical and laboratory features and both GPPGA total score (r = 0.385, p < 0.001) and GPPGA pustulation subscore (r = 0.305, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Considerable heterogeneity in the presentation of GPP flares was observed, both between patients and within-patient. All GPP flares were associated with a significant clinical burden, highlighting the unmet need for accurate and early diagnosis.
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Knobler R, Geroldinger-Simić M, Kreuter A, Hunzelmann N, Moinzadeh P, Rongioletti F, Denton CP, Mouthon L, Cutolo M, Smith V, Gabrielli A, Bagot M, Olesen AB, Foeldvari I, Jalili A, Kähäri V, Kárpáti S, Kofoed K, Olszewska M, Panelius J, Quaglino P, Seneschal J, Sticherling M, Sunderkötter C, Tanew A, Wolf P, Worm M, Skrok A, Rudnicka L, Krieg T. Consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of sclerosing diseases of the skin, Part 1: Localized scleroderma, systemic sclerosis and overlap syndromes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:1251-1280. [PMID: 38456584 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The term 'sclerosing diseases of the skin' comprises specific dermatological entities, which have fibrotic changes of the skin in common. These diseases mostly manifest in different clinical subtypes according to cutaneous and extracutaneous involvement and can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from each other. The present consensus provides an update to the 2017 European Dermatology Forum Guidelines, focusing on characteristic clinical and histopathological features, diagnostic scores and the serum autoantibodies most useful for differential diagnosis. In addition, updated strategies for the first- and advanced-line therapy of sclerosing skin diseases are addressed in detail. Part 1 of this consensus provides clinicians with an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of localized scleroderma (morphea), and systemic sclerosis including overlap syndromes.
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Kogler A, Sadoghi B, Draschl A, Chromy D, Binder L, Schiefer-Niederkorn A, Hofmann-Wellenhof EL, Wolf P. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium at pharyngeal and anorectal sites in patients presenting to an STI outpatient ward. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38606611 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is unbridled and on the rise. Extragenital STIs (anal and pharyngeal infections) are commonly asymptomatic, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment and consequently higher chances of onward transmission. OBJECTIVE The aim of this observational single-centre study was to determine the prevalence of STIs at extragenital sites in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients presenting at an STI outpatient clinic. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who presented between October 2019 and February 2021 at the STI outpatient clinic of a tertiary centre in Central Europe. Patients were included in the study if they received at least one pharyngeal and/or anorectal swab in addition to a genital swab for multiplex-PCR STI diagnostics. Demographic data, symptoms and serological results were collected and analysed. RESULTS Data collected from 440 patients were analysed (mean age: 33.9 years, male: n = 345, 78.4%, female: n = 95, 21.6%). Ninety-seven males reported having sex with men (MSM); 174 patients identified as heterosexual (132 males, 42 females), and 10 females as bisexual. The sexual orientation was not reported in 159 cases. An STI was confirmed in 195 patients (44.3%) and, among those, 109 patients (55.9%) tested positive for an STI at extragenital sites. Seventy-one patients had a pharyngeal STI whereas 61 were infected in the anorectal region. Of those suffering from an extragenital STI, 64.2% (70 out of 109) tested negative for relevant pathogens at genital sites. The most frequently detected extragenital pathogen was Neisseria gonorrhoeae (71.8% of all pharyngeal STIs [51 out of 71], 55.7% of anorectal STIs [34 out of 61]), followed by Chlamydia trachomatis (41.0% of all anal infections [25 out of 61], 5.6% of pharyngeal infections [4 out of 71]). Pharyngeal and anorectal infections were asymptomatic in 88.7% [63 out of 71] and 65.6% [40 out of 61] of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSION These results underline the need to perform multisite testing, regardless of the presence of symptoms.
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Choon SE, De La Cruz C, Wolf P, Jha RK, Fischer KI, Goncalves-Bradley DC, Hepworth T, Marshall SR, Gottlieb AB. Health-related quality of life in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis: A systematic literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:265-280. [PMID: 37750484 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, neutrophilic inflammatory skin disease characterized by episodes of widespread eruption of sterile, macroscopic pustules that can be accompanied by systemic inflammation and symptoms. A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis were conducted to determine the impact of GPP on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient-reported severity of symptoms and to compare its impact to patients with plaque psoriasis (plaque PsO). Searches were undertaken in Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 2002 to 15 September 2022. Screening was carried out by two reviewers independently. Outcome measures included generic (e.g. EQ-5D, SF-36) and dermatology-specific (e.g. DLQI) clinical outcome assessments, and other relevant patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (e.g. severity of pain measured by a numerical rating scale). Overall, 20 studies were found to be eligible for inclusion, of which seven also had data for plaque PsO. The DLQI was the most frequently reported outcome measure (16 out of 20 studies). When reported, mean DLQI (SD) scores varied from 5.7 (1.2) to 15.8 (9.6) across the studies, indicating a moderate to very large effect on HRQoL; the wide range of scores and large SDs were explained by the small population sizes (n ≤ 12 for all studies except two). Similar ranges and large SDs were also observed for other measures within individual studies. However, in general, people with GPP reported a greater impact of their skin condition on HRQoL, when compared to people with plaque PsO (i.e. higher DLQI scores) and higher severity for itch, pain and fatigue. This systematic review highlighted the need for studies with a larger population size, a better understanding of the impact of cutaneous and extracutaneous symptoms and comorbidities on HRQoL during and between GPP flares, and outcome measures specifically tailored to the unique symptoms and the natural course/history of GPP.
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Seyedalmoosavi MM, Mielenz M, Schleifer K, Görs S, Wolf P, Tränckner J, Hüther L, Dänicke S, Daş G, Metges CC. Upcycling of recycled minerals from sewage sludge through black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens): Impact on growth and mineral accumulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118695. [PMID: 37542865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorous (P) resources are finite. Sewage sludge recyclates (SSR) are not only of interest as plant fertilizer but also as potential source of minerals in animal nutrition. However, besides P and calcium (Ca), SSR contain heavy metals. Under EU legislation, the use of SSR derivatives in animal feed is not permitted, but given the need to improve nutrient recycling, it could be an environmentally sound future mineral source. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) convert low-grade biomass into valuable proteins and lipids, and accumulate minerals in their body. It was hypothesized that BSFL modify and increase their mineral content in response to feeding on SSR containing substrates. The objective was to evaluate the upcycling of minerals from SSR into agri-food nutrient cycles through BSFL. Growth, nutrient and mineral composition were compared in BSFL reared either on a modified Gainesville fly diet (FD) or on FD supplemented with either 4% of biochar (FD + BCH) or 3.6% of single-superphosphate (FD + SSP) recyclate (n = 6 BSFL rearing units/group). Larval mass, mineral and nutrient concentrations and yields were determined, and the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated. The FD + SSP substrate decreased specific growth rate and crude fat of BSFL (P < 0.05) compared to FD. The FD + SSP larvae had higher Ca and P contents and yields but the BAF for Ca was lowest. The FD + BCH larvae increased Ca, iron, cadmium and lead contents compared to FD. Larvae produced on FD + SSP showed lower lead and higher arsenic concentration than on FD + BCH. Frass of FD + BCH had higher heavy metal concentration than FD + SSP and FD (P < 0.05). Except for cadmium and manganese, the larval heavy metal concentration was below the legally permitted upper concentrations for feed. In conclusion, the SSR used could enrich BSFL with Ca and P but at the expense of growth. Due to the accumulation of Cd and Mn, BSFL or products thereof can only be a component of farmed animal feed whereas in BSFL frass heavy metal concentrations remained below the upper limit authorized by EU.
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Debi MR, Wichert BA, Wolf P, Liesegang A. Effect of a two-step fermentation method with rumen liquor on protein quality of wheat bran and rice bran to use as poultry feed. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11921. [PMID: 36506376 PMCID: PMC9732305 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of high quality protein rich feed in many developing countries is limited as well as expensive. Low-quality agro-industrial by-products, i.e., rice bran (RB) and wheat bran (WB), are therefore used as poultry feed irrespective of their low protein content. The main objective of the present study was to improve the protein content and the amino acid profiles of these by-products through rumen liquor mixed fermentation process. A two-step fermentation of some agricultural by-products (e.g., WB and RB) was performed in a controlled environment for 3 h and 6 h. In the 1st and 2nd steps, feedstuff (brans), McDougall buffer as well as collected rumen liquor were mixed with following the proportion of 1:2:3, respectively. After fermentation, brans were dried at 100 °C in an oven. Dried sample were used to analyze the crude protein (CP) as well as amino acid (AA) content. In 1st and 2nd fermentation of the WB, CP content increased 3.3 ± 0.2% (3 h), 4.3 ± 0.2% (6 h) and 7.7 ± 0.1% (3 h), 8.5 ± 0.1% (6 h), respectively compared to control. On the other hand, RB protein content increased by 3.3 ± 0.1% (3 h), 0.8 ± 0.1% (6 h) and 7.3 ± 0.3% (3 h), 4.0 ± 0.1% (6 h) in the 1st and 2nd fermentation step, respectively compared to control. Majority of the AA increased compared to control during the 1st fermentation step for RB and WB. However, In WB, some of the AA did not show significant difference. A number of AA were decreased after the 2nd step for both RB and WB except Methionine, which increased in both steps. In 1st and 2nd steps, Methionine increased by 24.9 ± 5.1% (3 h), 25.9 ± 5.8% (6 h) for WB and 12.2 ± 3.2% (3 h), 13.0 ± 4.5% (6 h) for RB, respectively compared to control. In conclusion brans protein and amino acid quality optimization might be possible through methodical rumen liquor mixed fermentation process for better utilization as poultry diet.
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Seyedalmoosavi MM, Mielenz M, Görs S, Wolf P, Daş G, Metges CC. Effects of increasing levels of whole Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae in broiler rations on acceptance, nutrient and energy intakes and utilization, and growth performance of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102202. [PMID: 36257076 PMCID: PMC9579412 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meal of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), which requires extraction of protein and fat, is a novel protein source for poultry, while unprocessed whole BSFL could even directly be fed to chickens. Newly hatched Ross-308 chicks (n = 252) received whole BSFL at 10% (L10), 20% (L20), or 30% (L30) of voluntary feed intake (FI) of control chickens (CON) that received no BSFL but only age-specific diets (n = 63 birds / group) for 42 days (d). Acceptance and nutrient and energy intake of birds by BSFL and FI were calculated. Plasma metabolites were measured using an automatic enzymatic analyzer and immunoglobulins with ELISA. Depending on the variable, data were analyzed using ANOVA or repeated measures ANOVA to address treatment, time and interaction effects. Birds consumed all offered larvae. With the exception of d1, time spent by birds eating their daily portion of larvae (TSL, min/pen) did not differ among the larvae supply groups (P = 0.982). The L10 had a higher larvae eating rate (LER) that is, speed of larvae intake than did L20 and L30 (P < 0.05), implying increased competition for less available BSFL. The ratio of LER to feed eating rate (FER) was greater than 50 fold change difference (FCD), indicating a strong interest of chickens in BSFL over regular feed. Whole BSFL intake up to 30% of voluntary FI did not adversely affect broiler growth (P > 0.05). The L30 had lower total dry matter and metabolizable energy intakes (P < 0.05), although total fat intake was higher in L30 than in CON (P < 0.05). Compared with CON, 30% whole BSFL increased dietary protein-to-energy ratios, plasma uric acid and serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations (P < 0.05). We conclude that whole BSFL can be included in broiler rations up to 20% without negatively affecting growth performance and nutrient conversion efficiency, whereas a higher proportion is associated with lower protein utilization efficiency, possibly due to lower total energy intake.
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Patra V, Clement Y, Bordag N, Köefeler H, Nicolas J, Vocanson M, Ayciriex S, Wolf P. 513 Ultraviolet radiation exposure differentially regulates skin metabolites in dependence of the microbiome. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dey S, Sorger H, Vieyra-Garcia P, Teufelberger A, Herling M, Heitzer E, Gunning P, Kenner L, Moriggl R, Wolf P. 426 STAT3/5 locus gain is a disease marker and therapeutic target in leukemic/cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Garces de Los Fayos Alonso I, Zujo L, Wiest I, Kodajova P, Timelthaler G, Edtmayer S, Zrimšek M, Kollmann S, Giordano C, Kothmayer M, Neubauer HA, Dey S, Schlederer M, Schmalzbauer BS, Limberger T, Probst C, Pusch O, Högler S, Tangermann S, Merkel O, Schiefer AI, Kornauth C, Prutsch N, Zimmerman M, Abraham B, Anagnostopoulos J, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Mathas S, Wolf P, Stoiber D, Staber PB, Egger G, Klapper W, Woessmann W, Look TA, Gunning P, Turner SD, Moriggl R, Lagger S, Kenner L. PDGFRβ promotes oncogenic progression via STAT3/STAT5 hyperactivation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:172. [PMID: 36045346 PMCID: PMC9434917 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin T cell lymphoma commonly driven by NPM-ALK. AP-1 transcription factors, cJUN and JUNb, act as downstream effectors of NPM-ALK and transcriptionally regulate PDGFRβ. Blocking PDGFRβ kinase activity with imatinib effectively reduces tumor burden and prolongs survival, although the downstream molecular mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS In a transgenic mouse model that mimics PDGFRβ-driven human ALCL in vivo, we identify PDGFRβ as a driver of aggressive tumor growth. Mechanistically, PDGFRβ induces the pro-survival factor Bcl-xL and the growth-enhancing cytokine IL-10 via STAT5 activation. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of both STAT5 gene products, STAT5A and STAT5B, results in the significant impairment of cell viability compared to deletion of STAT5A, STAT5B or STAT3 alone. Moreover, combined blockade of STAT3/5 activity with a selective SH2 domain inhibitor, AC-4-130, effectively obstructs tumor development in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We therefore propose PDGFRβ as a novel biomarker and introduce PDGFRβ-STAT3/5 signaling as an important axis in aggressive ALCL. Furthermore, we suggest that inhibition of PDGFRβ or STAT3/5 improve existing therapies for both previously untreated and relapsed/refractory ALK+ ALCL patients.
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Hasan M, Oster M, Reyer H, Ponsuksili S, Murani E, Wolf P, Fischer DC, Wimmers K. Tissue-Wide Expression of Genes Related to Vitamin D Metabolism and FGF23 Signaling following Variable Phosphorus Intake in Pigs. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080729. [PMID: 36005601 PMCID: PMC9413461 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis is maintained by several regulators, including vitamin D and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and their tissue-specific activation and signaling cascades. In this study, the tissue-wide expression of key genes linked to vitamin D metabolism (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, GC, VDR) and FGF23 signaling (FGF23, FGFR1-4, KL) were investigated in pigs fed conventional (trial 1) and divergent P diets (trial 2). The tissue set comprised kidney, liver, bone, lung, aorta, and gastrointestinal tract sections. Expression patterns revealed that non-renal tissues and cells (NRTC) express genes to form active vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] according to site-specific requirements. A low P diet resulted in higher serum calcitriol and increased CYP24A1 expression in the small intestine, indicating local suppression of vitamin D signaling. A high P diet prompted increased mRNA abundances of CYP27B1 for local vitamin D synthesis, specifically in bone. For FGF23 signaling, analyses revealed ubiquitous expression of FGFR1-4, whereas KL was expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Dietary P supply did not affect skeletal FGF23; however, FGFR4 and KL showed increased expression in bone at high P supply, suggesting regulation to balance mineralization. Specific NRTC responses influence vitamin D metabolism and P homeostasis, which should be considered for a thrifty but healthy P supply.
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Intemann S, Reckels B, Schubert DC, Wolf P, Kamphues J, Visscher C. The Microbiological Quality of Concentrates for Horses-A Retrospective Study on Influencing Factors and Associations with Clinical Symptoms Reported by Owners or Referring Vets. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080413. [PMID: 36006328 PMCID: PMC9414818 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has already been provided that feed-borne mold spores and endotoxins can trigger chronic, non-infectious respiratory disease if inhaled. Furthermore, deficiencies in feed microbiology are suspected to trigger gastrointestinal and liver disorders in horses, but the connection needs further clarification. Most of the previous studies regarding horse feed hygiene focused on forage, whereas research regarding hygienic quality of concentrates is scarce. In the present study, results of reports on hygienic quality of compound feed and cereals for horses were evaluated secondarily. Results included sensory findings, and counts of aerobic bacteria, molds and yeasts determined by cultivation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contents. It was found that microbial counts of compound feed exceeded VDLUFA orientation values significantly more frequently than cereals (38.4 vs. 22.6%). However, average counts of bacteria, molds and yeasts were higher in cereals than in compound feeds (p < 0.0001, respectively). Mold counts in grains were significantly higher if dry matter contents were below 86% (p = 0.0201). No relation could be established between the anamnestically reported gastrointestinal disorders or elevated liver enzyme activities and microbiological deviations. Mold counts of concentrates which were suspected to cause coughing in horses were significantly higher than mold counts of control samples (3.29 vs. 2.40 log10 cfu g−1, p = 0.0313). These results indicate that hygienic status of concentrates is relevant for horse health in the respiratory tract.
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Wolf P. On the decidability of finding a positive ILP-instance in a regular set of ILP-instances. ACTA INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00236-022-00429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe regular intersection emptiness problem for a decision problem P ($${{\textit{int}}_{{\mathrm {Reg}}}}$$
int
Reg
(P)) is to decide whether a potentially infinite regular set of encoded P-instances contains a positive one. Since $${{\textit{int}}_{{\mathrm {Reg}}}}$$
int
Reg
(P) is decidable for some NP-complete problems and undecidable for others, its investigation provides insights in the nature of NP-complete problems. Moreover, the decidability of the $${{\textit{int}}_{{\mathrm {Reg}}}}$$
int
Reg
-problem is usually achieved by exploiting the regularity of the set of instances; thus, it also establishes a connection to formal language and automata theory. We consider the $${{\textit{int}}_{{\mathrm {Reg}}}}$$
int
Reg
-problem for the well-known NP-complete problem Integer Linear Programming (ILP). It is shown that any DFA that describes a set of ILP-instances (in a natural encoding) can be reduced to a finite core of instances that contains a positive one if and only if the original set of instances did. This result yields the decidability of $${{\textit{int}}_{{\mathrm {Reg}}}}$$
int
Reg
(ILP).
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Yu Z, Gehad A, Teague J, Crouch J, Yu K, O'Malley J, Kupper T, Benezeder T, Gudjonsson J, Kahlenberg J, Sarkar M, Vieyra-Garcia P, Wolf P, Clark R. 605 Phototherapy-induced IFNκ drives type I IFN induced anticancer responses in CTCL. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Intemann S, Reckels B, Schubert D, Wolf P, Kamphues J, Visscher C. The Hygienic Status of Different Forage Types for Horses—A Retrospective Study on Influencing Factors and Associations with Anamnestic Reports. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050226. [PMID: 35622753 PMCID: PMC9143553 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The hygienic quality of forage for horses is discussed as a potential health hazard, especially regarding respiratory diseases, colic, and hepatopathies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relations between microbiological counts, as well as endotoxin levels and disease symptoms. Data from microbiological examination reports were analyzed retrospectively, including the results of sensory examination, microbiological counts, and lipopolysaccharide contents. Sensory analysis gave an indication of deficiencies in microbiological analysis, but both methods did not give consistently equivalent results regarding the hygienic status of forage. The strongest agreements between sensory and microbiological findings were demonstrated in haylage regarding mold contamination. The influences of dry matter content on microbiological quality could be shown in haylage and hay, whereas this did not apply to straw. Deviations regarding molds and the detection of Aspergillus species occurred, especially in haylage, with values above 70% DM detected (39.6%, p=0.0021 and 47.2%, p = 0.0393). Aspergillus was detected more frequently, and average counts were higher in samples that were suspected to induce coughing in horses (p = 0.0118 and p = 0.0313, respectively). The results of the present study emphasize the importance of feed hygiene for equine respiratory health and the need for the microbiological examination of feedstuffs, since sensory analysis cannot provide an error-free prediction of microbial counts.
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Castaneda AB, Petty LE, Scholz M, Jansen R, Weiss S, Zhang X, Schramm K, Beutner F, Kirsten H, Schminke U, Hwang SJ, Marzi C, Dhana K, Seldenrijk A, Krohn K, Homuth G, Wolf P, Peters MJ, Dörr M, Peters A, van Meurs JBJ, Uitterlinden AG, Kavousi M, Levy D, Herder C, van Grootheest G, Waldenberger M, Meisinger C, Rathmann W, Thiery J, Polak J, Koenig W, Seissler J, Bis JC, Franceshini N, Giambartolomei C, Hofman A, Franco OH, Penninx BWJH, Prokisch H, Völzke H, Loeffler M, O'Donnell CJ, Below JE, Dehghan A, de Vries PS. Associations of carotid intima media thickness with gene expression in whole blood and genetically predicted gene expression across 48 tissues. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1171-1182. [PMID: 34788810 PMCID: PMC8976428 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) is a biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis and a predictor of future cardiovascular events. Identifying associations between gene expression levels and cIMT may provide insight to atherosclerosis etiology. Here, we use two approaches to identify associations between mRNA levels and cIMT: differential gene expression analysis in whole blood and S-PrediXcan. We used microarrays to measure genome-wide whole blood mRNA levels of 5647 European individuals from four studies. We examined the association of mRNA levels with cIMT adjusted for various potential confounders. Significant associations were tested for replication in three studies totaling 3943 participants. Next, we applied S-PrediXcan to summary statistics from a cIMT genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 71 128 individuals to estimate the association between genetically determined mRNA levels and cIMT and replicated these analyses using S-PrediXcan on an independent GWAS on cIMT that included 22 179 individuals from the UK Biobank. mRNA levels of TNFAIP3, CEBPD and METRNL were inversely associated with cIMT, but these associations were not significant in the replication analysis. S-PrediXcan identified associations between cIMT and genetically determined mRNA levels for 36 genes, of which six were significant in the replication analysis, including TLN2, which had not been previously reported for cIMT. There was weak correlation between our results using differential gene expression analysis and S-PrediXcan. Differential expression analysis and S-PrediXcan represent complementary approaches for the discovery of associations between phenotypes and gene expression. Using these approaches, we prioritize TNFAIP3, CEBPD, METRNL and TLN2 as new candidate genes whose differential expression might modulate cIMT.
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Wolf P. Systemic antipsoriatic treatment: do women respond better than men and if so, why? Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:1088-1089. [PMID: 34617589 PMCID: PMC9293209 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Linked Article: Maul et al. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:1160–1168.
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Joshi A, Pan Y, Patra V, Wolf P. 313 Photoprotective effects of liposomal DNA repair enzymes are independent of its effect on the microbiome. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wilke V, Grone R, von Felde A, Abd El-Wahab A, Wolf P, Kamphues J. Effects of increasing dietary rye levels on physicochemical characteristics of digesta and its impact on stomach emptying as well as the formation of 'doughballs' in stomachs of young pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105 Suppl 1:19-25. [PMID: 34235788 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite quite similar contents of starch and crude fibre of wheat and rye, the unique non-starch-polysaccharide fraction of rye (e.g. high levels of arabinoxylans and fructans) might have an impact on physicochemical properties of the digesta in pigs. Forty pigs (age: 46.8 ± 5.28 days; bodyweight: 16.1 ± 4.13 kg) were divided into four treatment groups. During four weeks, the pigs received diets consisting of wheat and/or rye, barley, soy, potato protein and a mineral supplement. The sum of wheat and rye was 69% in all diets, whereby the compound feed of each group was characterized by a different ratio (%) of wheat/rye (69/0; 46/23; 23/46; 0/69, respectively). In the stomach, 'doughballs' occurred more frequently with increasing dietary rye levels (9/10; 69% rye). With higher DM content and extract-viscosity of gastric digesta, the stomach emptying tended to be retarded in rye groups. Compared to the control group (69% wheat), maximum dietary rye levels (69%) resulted in significantly higher concentrations of lactic acid in digesta of the stomach and small intestine. With increasing lactic acid concentrations, the pH tended to be lower in small intestinal digesta. With an intensified formation of lactic acid, effects against Gram-negative bacteria, for example Salmonella, can be expected. Moreover, because of higher viscosity and the retarded stomach emptying, there could be advantages of including rye in compound feeds when a longer lasting satiety is intended, for example when feeding pregnant sows (regularly fed restrictively).
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Golob-Schwarzl N, Pilic J, Benezeder T, Painsi C, Wolf P. 169 Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors (eIFs): Potential Therapeutic Targets in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cappai MG, Wolf P, Liesegang A, Biggio GP, Podda A, Varcasia A, Tamponi C, Berlinguer F, Cossu I, Pinna W, Cherchi R. Shift in Circulating Serum Protein Fraction (SPF) Levels of Pregnant Jennies and Nutritional Related Aspects at Early-, Mid- and Late Gestation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2646. [PMID: 34573612 PMCID: PMC8470816 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A viable tool for the monitoring of the systemic condition of the pregnant jenny may be the determination of serum protein fraction (SPF) levels, including metabolic profiling. Tissue development and composition of the growing fetus requires the mother to provide adequate nutrients to its body parts and organs. In this regard, body fluid distribution and strategic molecule transportation can be screened using SPF electropherograms and analysis of intermediate metabolites. The nutritional and health status of 12 jennies (age: 5-8 years; BW at the start: 135-138 kg; Body Condition Score, BCS [1 to 5 points] = 2.25-2.50; 4th month of gestation) were monitored throughout gestation (approximate gestation period 350-356 d). All animals were pasture-fed and were offered hay ad libitum. Individual blood samples were collected within the 4th, 7th, and 10th month following conception (ultrasound scanning). Serum biochemistry, in particular, the analysis of 6 fractions of serum proteins was carried out. The significant decrease in circulating albumin in jennies from mid- to late-gestation (p < 0.001) suggests a considerable role of dietary amino acids in the synthesis of protein for fetal tissue formation as well as body fluid distribution and blood pressure control of the jenny in those stages. Moreover, α1-globulin decreased significantly in late gestation (p < 0.047), corresponding to major organ development in the terminal fetus and supported by lipid transportation in the bloodstream of the jenny. Similarly, α2-globulin decreased in late gestation (p < 0.054) as haptoglobin, an important component for the transport of free circulating hemoglobin, is likely used for fetal synthesis. Mid-gestation, appears to be a crucial moment for adequate dietary nutrient supplementation in order to prevent homeostasis perturbation of jennies, as observed in this trial.
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Vieyra-Garcia PA, Cerroni L, Clark RA, Wolf P. Lupus erythematosus tumidus in a patient with mycosis fungoides stage IB after complete response to PUVA. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e758-e760. [PMID: 34060127 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oster M, Reyer H, Gerlinger C, Trakooljul N, Siengdee P, Keiler J, Ponsuksili S, Wolf P, Wimmers K. mRNA Profiles of Porcine Parathyroid Glands Following Variable Phosphorus Supplies throughout Fetal and Postnatal Life. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050454. [PMID: 33922173 PMCID: PMC8146947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of gene expression profiles reflecting functional features and specific responsiveness of parathyroid glands (PTGs) contributes to understanding mineral homeostasis and parathyroid function in healthy and diseased conditions. The study aims to reveal effector molecules driving the maintenance of phosphorus (P) homeostasis and parathyroid hormone (PTH) responsiveness to variable P supply throughout fetal and postnatal life. In this study, a long-term dietary intervention was performed by keeping pig offspring on distinct mineral P levels throughout fetal and postnatal life. Respective adaptation processes of P homeostasis were assessed in mRNA profiles of PTGs and serum minerals. RNA sequencing data and resulting molecular pathways of PTGs showed that the PTH abundance is very strictly controlled via e.g., PIN1, CaSR, MAfB, PLC and PKA signaling to regulate PTH expression, stability, and secretion. Additionally, the observed dietary effects on collagen expression indicate shifts in the ratio between connective tissue and parenchyma, thereby affecting cell-cell contacts as another line of PTH regulation. Taken together, the mRNA profiles of porcine PTGs reflect physiological responses in-vivo following variable dietary P supplies during fetal and postnatal life. The results serve to evaluate a long-term nutrition strategy with implications for improving the mineral balance in individuals with pathological disorders.
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Wolf P, Cappai MG. Levels of Pb and Cd in Single Feeding Stuffs and Compound Feeds for Poultry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1074-1079. [PMID: 32488612 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of heavy metals in feeds for food-producing animals is of particular importance both for animal and human health. Single feeds can be mixed and offered to animals either crushed or pelleted, and it would be recommendable to assess heavy metal content before mixing. A total of 408 feed samples for poultry were sent to our laboratory by farmers and feed manufacturers from Germany. Single feeding stuffs (cereals and legume seeds, n = 109 and n = 86, respectively) and compound mixed feeds for laying hens (n = 63), broilers (n = 83) and turkeys (n = 67) in the years 2015 to 2018 were processed for Pb and Cd content. Analyses pointed to the lowest Pb contents in cereal feeds (0.031 and 0.101 mg/kg feed). In compound feeds, values ranged between 0.089 (broilers) and 0.181 mg/kg on an as fed basis (laying hens). The highest Pb content of 0.358 mg/kg (as fed) was determined in one sample of mixed feed for turkeys. Cd levels in cereal feeds and compound feeds were similar; Cd in legume seeds turned out to be slightly higher (0.089 mg/kg feed). Results point to differences between cereals and legume seeds as single feeds; however, safe levels were found for both, as well as for compound feeds, below the maximum permitted for Pb 10 mg/kg and Cd 1 mg/kg in feed dry matter (88%).
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