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Baessler F, Zafar A, Koelkebeck K, Frodl T, Signerski-Krieger J, Pinilla S, Barth GM, Jannowitz D, Speerforck S, Roesch-Ely D, Kluge I, Aust M, Utz J, Kersten GM, Spitzer P. What do the teachers want? A targeted needs assessment survey for prospective didactic training of psychiatry medical educators. GMS J Med Educ 2024; 41:Doc18. [PMID: 38779695 PMCID: PMC11106569 DOI: 10.3205/zma001673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Physicians and psychologists at psychiatric university hospitals are assigned teaching tasks from the first day of work without necessarily having the prerequisite training in teaching methods. This exploratory survey provides a needs-based analysis for the prospective didactic training of physicians and psychologists at psychiatric hospitals in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed at medical schools via email in German-speaking countries in Europe. All physicians involved in teaching medical students at psychiatry faculties were eligible to participate in the survey. Participants were further requested to recruit eligible participants (snowball sampling). Responses were analyzed descriptively, and differences between groups were calculated using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests (p<.05). Results Overall, 97 respondents (male=55, female=42; mean age= 40.6) from 19 medical schools completed the survey. The respondents consisted of 43 residents, 39 specialists, 6 chief physicians and 9 psychologists. Of the respondents, 97.6% rated didactic competence as either highly relevant or rather relevant for teaching medical students. The highest overall interest was shown for bedside teaching (mode=4; IQR: 2-4) and error culture (mode=3; IQR: 2-4). Respondents expressed the highest training needs for topics regarding presentation and communication (mode=3; IQR: 2-3). Resident physicians were significantly more interested in bedside teaching (U=362.0, p=0.004) and roleplay (U=425.0; p=0.036) than specialist physicians, who were more interested in examination didactics (U=415.0; p=0.022). Chief physicians displayed significantly deeper interest in group dynamics (U=51; p=0.023) than specialist physicians. In-person training was preferred by a majority of respondents, and 27.4% preferred online/web-based training. Conclusions The majority of physicians and psychologists at psychiatric university hospitals considered professional development for faculty to be helpful for teaching medical students. Bedside teaching and error culture management were the most desired teaching topics for training medical teachers. Tailored educational interventions are recommended, with target-oriented priorities for different hierarchical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Baessler
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Zafar
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Koelkebeck
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-University Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Essen, Germany
- University Duisburg-Essen, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- University Hospital Aachen, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Signerski-Krieger
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Severin Pinilla
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland
- Marion von Tessin-Memory Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Gottfried M. Barth
- University Hospital of Tübingen, Department Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Deborah Jannowitz
- Helios Hanse Hospital Stralsund, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Sven Speerforck
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Roesch-Ely
- University of Heidelberg, Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Kluge
- Marburg University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Aust
- University of Münster, University Hospital Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Janine Utz
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gian-Marco Kersten
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Erlangen, Germany
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Oberhoffner T, Mlynski R, Schraven S, Brademann G, Dierker A, Spitzer P, Hey M. Effects of Intraoperative Cochlear Implant Electrode Conditioning on Impedances and Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potentials. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:650-659. [PMID: 37682654 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3313198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigates whether, during a Cochlear Implant (CI) surgery, conditioning (i.e. applying short bursts of electrical stimulation) within a saline solution can have positive effects on subsequent intra-operative measurements. We hypothesize that, based on previous research, the impedance values will be reduced, and that the reproducibility of Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potentials (ECAPs) is improved as a result of conditioning. METHODS We conditioned half of the electrode contacts, within a saline solution, before CI insertion, using 23 MED-EL implants. Impedance was measured for both the conditioned and non-conditioned groups at five time points. Repeated ECAP recordings were measured and compared between the conditioned and non-conditioned groups. RESULTS Impedance of the electrode contacts were reduced by 31% after conditioning in saline solution; however, there were no clinically relevant differences after the implantation of the electrode array. The hypothesis that measurement reproducibility would be increased after conditioning could not be confirmed with our data. Within the saline solution, we observed that 44% of the electrode contacts were covered with air bubbles, which most disappeared after implantation. However, these air bubbles limited the effectiveness of the conditioning within the saline solution. Lastly, the effect of conditioning on the reference electrode stimulation was approximately 16% of the total reduction in impedance. CONCLUSION Our data does not suggest that intraoperative conditioning is clinically required for cochlear implantation with MED-EL implants. Additionally, an in-vivo ECAP recording can be considered as a method of conditioning the electrode contacts. SIGNIFICANCE We confirm that the common clinical practice does not need to be changed.
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Grotemeyer A, Kornhuber J, Spitzer P. [Treatment-resistant first-time depression in middle age]. Nervenarzt 2023; 94:855-858. [PMID: 37589782 PMCID: PMC10499729 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grotemeyer
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
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Haas AL, Olm P, Utz J, Siegmann EM, Spitzer P, Florvaag A, Schmidt MA, Doerfler A, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Maler JM, Oberstein TJ. PASSED: Brain atrophy in non-demented individuals in a long-term longitudinal study from two independent cohorts. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1121500. [PMID: 36909947 PMCID: PMC9992803 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is indicated by a decrease in amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) level or the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and by increased levels of Tau with phosphorylated threonine at position 181 (pTau181) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) years before the onset of clinical symptoms. However, once only pTau181 is increased, cognitive decline in individuals with subjective or mild cognitive impairment is slowed compared to individuals with AD. Instead of a decrease in Aβ42 levels, an increase in Aβ42 was observed in these individuals, leading to the proposal to refer to them as nondemented subjects with increased pTau-levels and Aβ surge with subtle cognitive deterioration (PASSED). In this study, we determined the longitudinal atrophy rates of AD, PASSED, and Biomarker-negative nondemented individuals of two independent cohorts to determine whether these groups can be distinguished by their longitudinal atrophy patterns or rates. Methods Depending on their CSF-levels of pTau 181 (T), total Tau (tTau, N), Aβ42 or ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40 (A), 185 non-demented subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and 62 non-demented subjects from Erlangen AD cohort were assigned to an ATN group (A-T-N-, A-T+N±, A+T-N±and A+T+N±) and underwent T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). Longitudinal grey matter (GM) atrophy patterns were assessed with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using the cat12 toolbox on spm12 (statistical parametric mapping) of MRI scans from individuals in the ADNI cohort with a mean follow-up of 2 and 5 years, respectively. The annualized atrophy rate for individuals in the Erlangen cohort was determined using region of interest analysis (ROI) in terms of a confirmatory analysis. Results In the A-T+N± group, VBM did not identify any brain region that showed greater longitudinal atrophy than the A+T+N±, A+T+N± or biomarker negative control group. In contrast, marked longitudinal atrophy in the temporal lobe was evident in the A+T-N± group compared with A+T-N± and biomarker-negative subjects. The ROI in the angular gyrus identified by VBM analysis of the ADNI cohort did not discriminate better than the hippocampal volume and atrophy rate between AD and PASSED in the confirmatory analysis. Discussion In this study, nondemented subjects with PASSED did not show a unique longitudinal atrophy pattern in comparison to nondemented subjects with AD. The nonsignificant atrophy rate compared with controls suggests that increased pTau181-levels without concomitant amyloidopathy did not indicate a neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Haas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pauline Olm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janine Utz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Siegmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Florvaag
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Bialystok, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Utz J, Olm P, Jablonowski J, Siegmann EM, Spitzer P, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Maler JM, Oberstein TJ. Reconceptualization of the Erlangen Score for the Assessment of Dementia Risk: The ERlangen Score. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:265-275. [PMID: 37742651 PMCID: PMC10657695 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The established Erlangen Score (ES) for the interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) uses markers of amyloidopathy and tauopathy, equally weighted to form an easy-interpretable ordinal scale. However, these biomarkers are not equally predictive for AD. OBJECTIVE The higher weighting of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, as a reconceptualized ERlangen Score (ERS), was tested for advantages in diagnostic performance. METHODS Non-demented subjects (N = 154) with a mean follow up of 5 years were assigned to a group ranging from 0 to 4 in ES or ERS. Psychometric trajectories and dementia risk were assessed. RESULTS The distribution of subjects between ES and ERS among the groups differed considerably, as grouping allocated 32 subjects to ES group 2, but only 2 to ERS group 2. The discriminative accuracy between the ES (AUC 73.2%, 95% CI [64.2, 82.2]) and ERS (AUC 72.0%, 95% CI [63.1, 81.0]) for dementia risk showed no significant difference. Without consideration of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in ES grouping, the optimal cut-off of the ES shifted to ≥2. CONCLUSIONS The ERS showed advantages over the ES in test interpretation with comparable overall test performance, as fewer cases were allocated to the intermediate risk group. The established cut-off of ≥2 can be maintained for the ERS, whereas it must be adjusted for the ES when determining the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Utz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Pauline Olm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Johannes Jablonowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Siegmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, and Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
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Oberstein TJ, Schmidt MA, Florvaag A, Haas AL, Siegmann EM, Olm P, Utz J, Spitzer P, Doerfler A, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Maler JM. Amyloid-β levels and cognitive trajectories in non-demented pTau181-positive subjects without amyloidopathy. Brain 2022; 145:4032-4041. [PMID: 35973034 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated Tau181 (pTau181) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and recently in plasma has been associated with Alzheimer's disease. In the absence of amyloidopathy, individuals with increased total Tau levels and/or temporal lobe atrophy experience no or only mild cognitive decline compared with biomarker-negative controls, leading to the proposal to categorize this constellation as Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology (SNAP). We investigated whether the characteristics of SNAP also applied to individuals with increased CSF-pTau181 without amyloidopathy. In this long-term observational study, 285 non-demented individuals, including 76 individuals with subjective cognitive impairment and 209 individuals with mild cognitive impairment, were classified based on their CSF-levels of pTau181 (T), total Tau (N), Amyloid-beta-(Aβ)-42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (A) into A + T+N±, A + T-N±, A-T + N±, and A-T-N-. The longitudinal analysis included 154 subjects with a follow-up of more than 12 months who were followed to a median of 4.6 years (interquartile range = 4.3 years). We employed linear mixed models on psychometric tests and region of interest analysis of structural MRI data. Cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy rate were significantly higher in A + T+N ± compared to A-T + N±, whereas there was no difference between A-T + N ± and A-T-N-. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between A-T + N ± and controls in dementia risk (Hazard ratio 0.3, 95% confidence interval [0.1, 1.9]). However, A-T + N ± and A-T-N- could be distinguished based on their Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels. Both Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were significantly increased in A-T + N ± compared to controls. Long term follow-up of A-T + N ± individuals revealed no evidence that this biomarker constellation was associated with dementia or more severe hippocampal atrophy rates compared to controls. However, because of the positive association of pTau181 with Aβ in the A-T + N ± group, a link to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer´s disease cannot be excluded in this case. We propose to refer to these individuals in the SNAP group as "pTau and Aβ surge with subtle deterioration" (PASSED). The investigation of the circumstances of simultaneous elevation of pTau and Aβ might provide a deeper insight into the process under which Aβ becomes pathological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Florvaag
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Haas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Siegmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pauline Olm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janine Utz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, University Hospital of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Saur S, Weisel KK, Lang C, Fuhrmann LM, Steins-Loeber S, Enewoldsen N, Reichl D, Zink M, Jakobi F, Rudolph M, Ahnert A, Braunwarth WD, Falkai P, Koller G, Behle N, Hager L, Hillemacher T, Heepe P, Müller FN, Kraus T, Kiderman Y, Horn N, Kornhuber J, Lins S, Spitzer P, Bönsch D, Counot C, Stemmler M, Hildebrand A, Amelung V, Kerkemeyer L, Berking M. App-based maintenance treatment for alcohol use disorder after acute inpatient treatment: Study protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2022; 28:100517. [PMID: 35251940 PMCID: PMC8888955 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder, a prevalent and disabling mental health problem, is often characterized by a chronic disease course. While effective inpatient and aftercare treatment options exist, the transferal of treatment success into everyday life is challenging and many patients remain without further assistance. App-based interventions with human guidance have great potential to support individuals after inpatient treatment, yet evidence on their efficacy remains scarce. OBJECTIVES To develop an app-based intervention with human guidance and evaluate its usability, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. METHODS Individuals with alcohol use disorder (DSM-5), aged 18 or higher, without history of schizophrenia, undergoing inpatient alcohol use disorder treatment (N = 356) were recruited in eight medical centres in Bavaria, Germany, between December 2019 and August 2021. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either receive access to treatment as usual plus an app-based intervention with human guidance (intervention group) or access to treatment as usual plus app-based intervention after the active study phase (waitlist control/TAU group). Telephone-based assessments are conducted by diagnostic interviewers three and six weeks as well as three and six months after randomization. The primary outcome is the relapse risk during the six months after randomization assessed via the Timeline Follow-Back Interview. Secondary outcomes include intervention usage, uptake of aftercare treatments, AUD-related psychopathology, general psychopathology, and quality of life. DISCUSSION This study will provide further insights into the use of app-based interventions with human guidance as maintenance treatment in individuals with AUD. If shown to be efficacious, the intervention may improve AUD treatment by assisting individuals in maintaining inpatient treatment success after returning into their home setting. Due to the ubiquitous use of smartphones, the intervention has the potential to become part of routine AUD care in Germany and countries with similar healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Saur
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25a, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Kiona K. Weisel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Catharina Lang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas M. Fuhrmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Mittelfranken, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Enewoldsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Reichl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Mittelfranken, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Fabian Jakobi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Mittelfranken, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Melanie Rudolph
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Mittelfranken, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Andreas Ahnert
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Mittelfranken, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Braunwarth
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Mittelfranken, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Behle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Hager
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Peter Heepe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Felix-Nicolai Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Mittelfranken, Engelthal, Germany
| | - Yaroslav Kiderman
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Mittelfranken, Engelthal, Germany
| | - Nicola Horn
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Mittelfranken, Engelthal, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lins
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominikus Bönsch
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Lohr, Lohr am Main, Germany
| | - Cyril Counot
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Lohr, Lohr am Main, Germany
| | - Mark Stemmler
- Department of Psychological Assessment, Quantitative Methods and Forensic Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Hildebrand
- Department of Psychological Assessment, Quantitative Methods and Forensic Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Amelung
- inav — Institute for Applied Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Kerkemeyer
- inav — Institute for Applied Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Gärtner L, Spitzer P, Lauss K, Takanen M, Lenarz T, Hoth S. Optimized SNR-based ECAP threshold determination is comparable to the judgement of human evaluators. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259347. [PMID: 34723991 PMCID: PMC8559956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In cochlear implant (CI) users, measurements of electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) prove the functionality of the neuron-electrode interface. Objective measures, e.g., the ECAP threshold, may serve as a basis for the clinical adjustment of the device for the optimal benefit of the CI user. As for many neural responses, the threshold determination often is based on the subjective assessment of the clinical specialist, whose decision-making process could be aided by autonomous computational algorithms. To that end, we extended the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approach for ECAP threshold determination to be applicable for FineGrain (FG) ECAP responses. The new approach takes advantage of two features: the FG stimulation paradigm with its enhanced resolution of recordings, and SNR-based ECAP threshold determination, which allows defining thresholds independently of morphology and with comparably low computational power. Pearson’s correlation coefficient r between the ECAP threshold determined by five experienced evaluators and the threshold determined with the FG-SNR algorithm was in the range of r = 0.78–0.93. Between evaluators, r was in a comparable range of 0.84–0.93. A subset of the parameters of the algorithm was varied to identify the parameters with the highest potential to improve the FG-SNR formalism in the future. The two steps with the strongest influence on the agreement between the threshold estimate of the evaluators and the algorithm were the removal of undesired frequency components (denoising of the response traces) and the exact determination of the two time windows (signal and noise and noise only).”The parameters were linked to the properties of an ECAP response, indicating how to adjust the algorithm for the automatic detection of other neurophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Gärtner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Research and Development, MED-EL Medical Electronics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Lauss
- Research and Development, MED-EL Medical Electronics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marko Takanen
- Research and Development, MED-EL Medical Electronics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoth
- Funktionsbereich Audiologie, Universitäts-HNO-Klinik, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Utz J, Berner J, Muñoz LE, Oberstein TJ, Kornhuber J, Herrmann M, Maler JM, Spitzer P. Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease Contains Increased Percentages of Synaptophysin-Bearing Microvesicles. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:682115. [PMID: 34295239 PMCID: PMC8290128 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.682115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Alzheimer’s disease, the severity of symptoms is linked to a loss of synaptic density and the spread of pathologically hyperphosphorylated tau. The established cerebrospinal fluid markers Aβ, tau and phospho-tau reflect the histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease but do not indicate disease progression. Such markers are of special interest, especially for trials of disease modifying drugs. Microvesicles are produced by stressed cells and reflect part of the metabolism of their cells of origin. Therefore, we investigated microvesicles of neuronal origin in cerebrospinal fluid. Materials and Methods We used flow cytometry to analyze microvesicles carrying tau, phospho-tau-Thr181, phospho-tau-Ser202Thr205, synaptophysin, and SNAP-25 in the cerebrospinal fluid of 19 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 15 non-inflammatory neurological disease controls. Results The percentages of synaptophysin-bearing microvesicles were significantly higher in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer’s disease than in the CSF of non-inflammatory neurological disease controls. Tau, phospho-tau-Thr181, phospho-tau-Ser202Thr205, and SNAP-25 did not differ between the groups. The percentages of synaptophysin-bearing vesicles distinguished patients with Alzheimer’s disease from the controls (AUC = 0.81). Conclusion The loss of synapses in Alzheimer’s disease may be reflected by synaptophysin-bearing microvesicles in the cerebrospinal fluid. Future studies are needed to investigate the possibility of using these MVs as a marker to determine the activity of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Utz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Berner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Koelkebeck K, Baessler F, Bittner R, Frodl T, Gradl-Dietsch G, Janowitz D, Jordan KD, Kluge I, Matthes O, Pinilla S, Robitzsch A, Strauß M, Speerforck S, Watzke S, Spitzer P. [Medical education in psychosocial disciplines in times of the COVID-19 pandemic - first experiences]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2021; 89:573-577. [PMID: 33946123 DOI: 10.1055/a-1480-7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM In specialties that heavily rely on communication skills such as psychiatry, psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine, teaching in times of the COVID-19 pandemic is especially challenging. In this overview, educators and course directors report their experiences in eteaching and share their innovative solutions. METHODS We present a collection of methods that relate to teaching and assessment as well as student activation. RESULTS A range of helpful tools for teaching were compiled. This includes instructional videos with simulated patients, structured homework to document a mental status examination, structured hand-offs, and practical examinations in video format. Motivational techniques include podcasts with interviews with clinicians and patients and teaching with the use of cinematic material. DISCUSSION Switching to online formats creates opportunities and advantages for the advancement of time- and location-independent learning. A fast conversion in this direction might also pose some disadvantages. A direct patient-student interaction is critical for engaging with transference, countertransference and situational aspects for teaching in psychosocial disciplines. Empirical studies of the effectiveness of these newly developed formats and faculty development for digital teaching are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Koelkebeck
- LVR-Klinikum Essen, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - Franziska Baessler
- Universität Heidelberg, Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Psychosomatik
| | - Robert Bittner
- Universität Frankfurt am Main, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
| | - Gertraut Gradl-Dietsch
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychotherapie und -psychosomatik, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Universität Greifswald, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
| | - Katja-Daniela Jordan
- Universität Zürich, Universitätsspital Zürich, Klinik für Konsiliarpsychiatrie und Psychosomatik
| | - Ina Kluge
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Medizin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Standort Marburg
| | - Oliver Matthes
- Universität Zürich, Universitätsspital Zürich, Klinik für Konsiliarpsychiatrie und Psychosomatik
| | - Severin Pinilla
- Universität Bern, Universitätsklinik für Alterspsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
| | - Anita Robitzsch
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - Maria Strauß
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
| | - Sven Speerforck
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
| | - Stefan Watzke
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
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11
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Oberstein TJ, Utz J, Spitzer P, Klafki HW, Wiltfang J, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Maler JM. The Role of Cathepsin B in the Degradation of Aβ and in the Production of Aβ Peptides Starting With Ala2 in Cultured Astrocytes. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:615740. [PMID: 33510618 PMCID: PMC7836726 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.615740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes may not only be involved in the clearance of Amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but appear to produce N-terminally truncated Aβ (Aβn−x) independently of BACE1, which generates the N-Terminus of Aβ starting with Asp1 (Aβ1−x). A candidate protease for the generation of Aβn−x is cathepsin B (CatB), especially since CatB has also been reported to degrade Aβ, which could explain the opposite roles of astrocytes in AD. In this study, we investigated the influence of CatB inhibitors and the deletion of the gene encoding CatB (CTSB) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology on Aβ2−x and Aβ1−x levels in cell culture supernatants by one- and two-dimensional Urea-SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblot. While the cell-permeant inhibitors E64d and CA-074 Me did not significantly affect the Aβ1−x levels in supernatants of cultured chicken and human astrocytes, they did reduce the Aβ2−x levels. In the glioma-derived cell line H4, the Aβ2−x levels were likewise decreased in supernatants by treatment with the more specific, but cell-impermeant CatB-inhibitor CA-074, by CA-074 Me treatment, and by CTSB gene deletion. Additionally, a more than 2-fold increase in secreted Aβ1−x was observed under the latter two conditions. The CA-074 Me-mediated increase of Aβ1−x, but not the decrease of Aβ2−x, was influenced by concomitant treatment with the vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor Bafilomycin A1. This indicated that non-lysosomal CatB mediated the production of Aβ2−x in astrocytes, while the degradation of Aβ1−x seemed to be dependent on lysosomal CatB in H4 cells, but not in primary astrocytes. These findings highlight the importance of considering organelle targeting in drug development to promote Aβ degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janine Utz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Wolfgang Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics and Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Rauch C, Utz J, Rauch M, Kornhuber J, Spitzer P. E-Learning Is Not Inferior to On-Site Teaching in a Psychiatric Examination Course. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:624005. [PMID: 33927651 PMCID: PMC8076569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.624005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Implementing e-learning into medical education is a growing field of research. Researchers have had positive experiences so far, and evidence suggests it to be no less effective than offline teaching. However, there are a few findings concerning psychiatric education and the use of simulated patients online. Methods: We developed an online workshop for medical students at our psychiatric clinic, including group work exercises, lectures, and interviews with simulated patients. To compare the learning outcome, a cohort of students learning online was compared with a previous cohort that learned on-site. The same objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was used in both cases. Evaluation questionnaires were gathered from students and lecturers and were compared with the former semesters along with the exam results. Results: The exam grades did not significantly differ between on-site and online teaching, even though students rated their own communication skills better with online teaching. We also found that the connection experienced between students and teachers was impaired without on-site contact. Discussion: We conclude that an online course may be an effective alternative to on-site teaching but requires further improvement to maintain a dependable student-teacher relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janine Utz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miriam Rauch
- Department for Vascular Surgery, Neumarkt Hospital, Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Spitzer P, Walter M, Göth C, Oberstein TJ, Linning P, Knölker HJ, Kornhuber J, Maler JM. Pharmacological Inhibition of Amyloidogenic APP Processing and Knock-Down of APP in Primary Human Macrophages Impairs the Secretion of Cytokines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1967. [PMID: 33013850 PMCID: PMC7494750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously shown that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) support the innate immune defense as an immune receptor. Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides seem to have properties of an antimicrobial peptide and can act as opsonines. In APP-deficient mouse models, a reduced secretion of cytokines has been observed. Still, it is unclear whether this can be attributed to the lack of APP or to the missing secretion of Aβ peptides. We inhibited the secretion of Aβ peptides in primary human monocyte derived macrophages with the γ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine-t-butyl-ester (DAPT) or the β-secretase inhibitor GL-189. Alternatively, we knocked down APP by transfection with siRNA. We measured tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin (IL-10) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and evaluated the phagocytotic activity by flow cytometry. We observed reduced concentrations of TNFα and IL-6 in the media of APPk/d macrophages and after inhibition of the β-, or γ-secretase, especially after additional immunological activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secretion of IL-10 was increased after pharmacological inhibition of APP processing when the macrophages were not immunologically activated but was decreased during LPS-induced inflammation in APPk/d macrophages. No changes of the phagocytotic activity were observed. We conclude that macrophage APP and Aβ peptides support the initiation of an immune response and are involved in the regulation of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10 secretion by human monocyte-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline Göth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Linning
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Spitzer P, Weinbeer J, Herrmann M, Oberstein TJ, Condic M, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Maler JM. Analysis of Surface Levels of IL-1 Receptors and Macrophage Scavenger Receptor I in Peripheral Immune Cells of Patients With Alzheimer Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2019; 32:211-220. [PMID: 31018751 PMCID: PMC6552296 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719841728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased concentrations of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) reduced phagocytic capacity point to an inflammatory activation of mononuclear phagocytes in AD. Interleukin 1 receptors (IL-1R) and the macrophage scavenger receptor I (MSRI) are important players in IL-1 signaling and phagocytosis. In 20 patients with AD and 17 controls, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, and MSRI were assessed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. IL-1β, soluble IL-1 receptors, and IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The fraction of IL-1RI+ monocytes was increased by 10% and the expression of MSRI was reduced by 12% in AD. A 3.6% increased fraction of IL-1RI+ lymphocytes was accompanied by a 6.1% reduced expression of IL-1RII. The IL-1RI on monocytes and lymphocytes discriminated patients with AD with an accuracy of 0.79 and 0.75, respectively. The IL-1Ra was elevated in AD. Changes in the expression of IL-1 receptors and MSRI on peripheral blood cells fit to the concept of a proinflammatory state of the peripheral immune system. However, the observed differences are not strong enough to suggest their application as biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Philipp Spitzer, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Weinbeer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Medicine III, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mateja Condic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Spitzer P, Mulzer LM, Oberstein TJ, Munoz LE, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Herrmann M, Maler JM. Microvesicles from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease display reduced concentrations of tau and APP protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7089. [PMID: 31068645 PMCID: PMC6506501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles are small membranous particles generated during cellular activation or stress. The analysis of the content and the surface of microvesicles allow conclusions about the cells they are originating from and the underlying pathology. Therefore, CSF microvesicles have been suggested to be promising targets to monitor the (etio)pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Microvesicles in the CSF of 15 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 15 controls were analyzed by flow cytometry regarding the levels of CD3, CD4, CD45, CD64, BACE1, Aβ, APP and tau. The results were replicated in a second cohort comprising 14 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 9 controls. The levels of tau and APP were reduced in microvesicles of Alzheimer’s disease patients. A significant change was neither observed in the number of microvesicles nor in the expression of the other antigens. Tau and APP in microvesicles separated patients with Alzheimer’s disease from controls with an AUC of 0.84 and 0.89 respectively. We conclude that tau and APP in CSF microvesicles are promising biomarkers which could directly provide information about the Alzheimer pathology on a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Linda-Marie Mulzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Lewczuk P, Ermann N, Andreasson U, Schultheis C, Podhorna J, Spitzer P, Maler JM, Kornhuber J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Plasma neurofilament light as a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:71. [PMID: 30055655 PMCID: PMC6064615 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that the plasma concentration of the neurofilament light chain (NfL) might be considered a plasma biomarker for the screening of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS With a single molecule array method (Simoa, Quanterix), plasma NfL concentrations were measured in 99 subjects with AD at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI-AD; n = 25) or at the stage of early dementia (ADD; n = 33), and in nondemented controls (n = 41); in all patients, the clinical diagnoses were in accordance with the results of the four core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (amyloid β (Aβ)1-42, Aβ42/40, Tau, and pTau181), interpreted according to the Erlangen Score algorithm. The influence of preanalytical storage procedures on the NfL in plasma was tested on samples exposed to six different conditions. RESULTS NfL concentrations significantly increased in the samples exposed to more than one freezing/thawing cycle, and in those stored for 5 days at room temperature or at 4 °C. Compared with the control group of nondemented subjects (22.0 ± 12.4 pg/mL), the unadjusted plasma NfL concentration was highly significantly higher in the MCI-AD group (38.1 ± 15.9 pg/mL, p < 0.005) and even further elevated in the ADD group (49.1 ± 28.4 pg/mL; p < 0.001). A significant association between NfL and age (ρ = 0.65, p < 0.001) was observed; after correcting for age, the difference in NfL concentrations between AD and controls remained significant (p = 0.044). At the cutoff value of 25.7 pg/mL, unconditional sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.84, 0.78, and 0.82, respectively. Unadjusted correlation between plasma NfL and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) across all patients was moderate but significant (r = -0.49, p < 0.001). We observed an overall significant correlation between plasma NfL and the CSF biomarkers, but this correlation was not observed within the diagnostic groups. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms increased concentrations of plasma NfL in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with nondemented controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, University Hospital of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Ermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Jana Podhorna
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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Oberstein TJ, Taha L, Spitzer P, Hellstern J, Herrmann M, Kornhuber J, Maler JM. Imbalance of Circulating T h17 and Regulatory T Cells in Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Control Study. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1213. [PMID: 29915582 PMCID: PMC5994416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e., neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, consist of beta amyloid peptides (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated Tau. These are accompanied by reactive microglia and astrocytes in the vicinity of the neuritic plaques and by changes to the peripheral immune system, e.g., an increase of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the peripheral blood. To address a potential involvement of peripheral T helper cell (Th) subsets in AD, we conducted a case control study with 54 individuals with AD dementia (n = 14), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (MCIAD, n = 14), with MCI unlikely due to AD (MCIother, n = 13), and controls without cognitive impairment (controls, n = 13). The proportions of CD3+CD8-IL-17A+IFNγ- Th17 cells, CD3+CD8-IL-17A-IFNγ+ Th1 cells, and CD4+CD127lowCD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, the correlations of the proportions of Th subsets to cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers were studied. CD3+CD8-IL-17A+IFNγ- Th17 cells were significantly increased in subjects with MCIAD compared to age- and sex-matched subjects with MCIother and controls (MCIAD mean = 1.13, SD = 0.77; MCIother mean = 0.58, SD = 0.28; and controls mean = 0.52, SD = 0.22; p = 0.008). The proportion of CD4+CD127lowCD25+ Tregs was not altered between the different groups, but it significantly positively related with the levels of total Tau and pTau181 (rTreg|totalTau = 0.43, p = 0.021, n = 28; rTreg|pTau181 = 0.46; p = 0.024, n = 28) in subjects with AD but not in nonAD controls (rTreg|totalTau = -0.51, p = 0.007, n = 26). The increase of circulating CD3+CD8-IL-17A+IFNγ- Th17 cells in the early stages of AD and the association of CD4+CD127lowCD25+ Tregs with neurodegeneration marker Tau may indicate that the adaptive immune system relates to neuropathological changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lava Taha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Hellstern
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Spitzer P, Lang R, Oberstein TJ, Lewczuk P, Ermann N, Huttner HB, Masouris I, Kornhuber J, Ködel U, Maler JM. A Specific Reduction in Aβ 1-42 vs. a Universal Loss of Aβ Peptides in CSF Differentiates Alzheimer's Disease From Meningitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:152. [PMID: 29881343 PMCID: PMC5976781 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduced concentration of Aβ1−42 in CSF is one of the established biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Reduced CSF concentrations of Aβ1−42 have also been shown in multiple sclerosis, viral encephalitis and bacterial meningitis. As neuroinflammation is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, an infectious origin of the disease has been proposed. According to this hypothesis, amyloid pathology is a consequence of a microbial infection and the resulting immune defense. Accordingly, changes in CSF levels of amyloid-β peptides should be similar in AD and inflammatory brain diseases. Aβ1−42 and Aβ1−40 levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid by ELISA and Western blotting in 34 patients with bacterial meningitis (n = 9), multiple sclerosis (n = 5) or Alzheimer's disease (n = 9) and in suitable controls (n = 11). Reduced concentrations of Aβ1−42 were detected in patients with bacterial meningitis, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. However, due to a concurrent reduction in Aβ1−40 in multiple sclerosis and meningitis patients, the ratio of Aβ1−42/Aβ1−40 was reduced only in the CSF of Alzheimer's disease patients. Urea-SDS-PAGE followed by Western blotting revealed that all Aβ peptide variants are reduced in bacterial meningitis, whereas in Alzheimer's disease, only Aβ1−42 is reduced. These results have two implications. First, they confirm the discriminatory diagnostic power of the Aβ1−42/Aβ1−40 ratio. Second, the differential pattern of Aβ peptide reductions suggests that the amyloid pathology in meningitis and multiple sclerosis differs from that in AD and does not support the notion of AD as an infection-triggered immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo J Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Ermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hagen B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilias Masouris
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Ködel
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan M Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Knopf J, Magorivska I, Maler JM, Spitzer P, Bilyy R, Biermann MHC, Hychka K, Bondt A, Wuhrer M, Toes REM, Schett G, Herrmann M, Muñoz LE. Low amounts of bisecting glycans characterize cerebrospinal fluid-borne IgG. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 320:19-24. [PMID: 29759137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) harbors a conserved N-glycosylation site which is important for its effector functions. Changes in glycosylation of IgG occur in many autoimmune diseases but also in physiological conditions. Therefore, the glycosylation pattern of serum IgG is well characterized. However, limited data is available on the glycosylation pattern of IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to serum. Here, we report significantly reduced levels of bisected glycans in CSF IgG. Galactosylation and sialylation of IgG4 also differed significantly. Therefore, we propose a common mechanism mediating glycosylation changes of IgG at the transition from serum to CSF in steady state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iryna Magorivska
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Juan M Maler
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mona H C Biermann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Hychka
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Albert Bondt
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rene E M Toes
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Schett
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis E Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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20
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Lewczuk P, Lelental N, Lachmann I, Holzer M, Flach K, Brandner S, Engelborghs S, Teunissen CE, Zetterberg H, Molinuevo JL, Mroczko B, Blennow K, Popp J, Parnetti L, Chiasserini D, Perret-Liaudet A, Spitzer P, Maler JM, Kornhuber J. Non-Phosphorylated Tau as a Potential Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease: Analytical and Diagnostic Characterization. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:159-170. [PMID: 27662295 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtually nothing is known about a potential diagnostic role of non-phospho-epitopes of Tau (Non-P-Tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). OBJECTIVE To establish and analytically and clinically characterize the first assay capable to measure concentrations of Non-P-Tau in human CSF. METHODS An antibody (1G2) was developed that selectively binds to the Tau molecule non-phosphorylated at the positions T175 and T181, and was used in establishing a sandwich ELISA capable to measure Non-P-Tau in human CSF, following analytical and clinical validation of the method. RESULTS The 1G2 antibody shows decreasing reactivity to tau peptides containing phosphorylation mainly at positions T175 and T181. Detection limit of the assay is 25 pg/ml; the coefficients of variation (CVs) of the optical densities of the repeated standard curves were between 3.6-15.9%. Median intra-assay imprecision of double measurements was 4.8%; inter-assay imprecision was in the range of 11.2% - 15.3%. Non-P-Tau concentrations are stable in the CSF samples sent to distinct laboratories under ambient temperature; inter-laboratory variation was approximately 30%. The Non-P-Tau CSF concentrations were highly significantly increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease in stage of mild cognitive impairment or dementia (AD/MCI, n = 58, 109.2±32.0 pg/mL) compared to the non-demented Controls (n = 42, 62.1±9.3 pg/mL, p < 0.001). At the cut-off of 78.3 pg/mL, the sensitivity and the specificity were 94.8% and 97.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION For the first time, an assay is reported to reliably measure concentrations of non-phosphorylated Tau in human CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, and Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Lelental
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Max Holzer
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, and Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, and Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Julius Popp
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Armand Perret-Liaudet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Biochemistry Department, Neurochemistry unit; Lyon University, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, BioRaN Team, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Kosaner J, Spitzer P, Bayguzina S, Gultekin M, Behar LA. Comparing eSRT and eCAP measurements in pediatric MED-EL cochlear implant users. Cochlear Implants Int 2018; 19:153-161. [DOI: 10.1080/14670100.2017.1416759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kosaner
- MEDers Speech and Hearing Clinic, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- MED-EL Medical Electronics GmbH, Fürstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) of the auditory nerve are routinely recorded for testing the cochlear implant integrity and its functional connection to the auditory system. The response thresholds derived from ECAP recordings are widely used as a helpful guide in the fitting of the dynamic range of electric stimulation, although they may not always predict the behavioral thresholds of individuals well. Conventionally, this threshold is based on the identification of a minimum N peak and maximum P peak and linear extrapolation of the resulting amplitude growth function (AGF). As an alternative, a new procedure involving numeric signal processing and requiring less user intervention is presented here. Data acquisition: In 12 adults implanted with MED-EL FLEX28 electrodes, two series of ECAPs were recorded immediately after implantation: (i) a full profile involving all 12 channels across the whole stimulus range in steps of 200 current units and (ii) a high resolution section (20 records in the immediate neighborhood of the threshold) of the AGF in one selected channel. Data treatment: It was observed that N and P wave latencies do not depend on stimulus intensity. Fixed time windows were hence defined for stimulus plus noise and noise alone regions. In these windows, the variance of the compound signal representing response and noise is extracted, whereas the noise variance is extracted from the tail of the curve following this time window. The base line is corrected by fitting an exponential function to reduce stimulus or amplifier artifacts. The response threshold is then derived from the response to noise ratio which should exceed the limit of 6 dB. RESULTS The ECAP thresholds obtained from the new procedure coincide well with those determined by the conventional linear extrapolation of the AGF and they correlate to a greater degree with psychometric thresholds than the existing approach. CONCLUSIONS The new ECAP algorithm looks promising and may reduce the need for user intervention in determining thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoth
- a Funktionsbereich Audiologie , Universitäts-HNO-Klinik , Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- b Research & Development , MED-EL Innsbruck , Fürstenweg 77A, A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Mark Praetorius
- a Funktionsbereich Audiologie , Universitäts-HNO-Klinik , Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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23
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Spitzer P, Condic M, Herrmann M, Oberstein TJ, Mehlmann‐Scharin M, Gilbert DF, Friedrich O, Grömer T, Kornhuber J, Lang R, Maler JM. [P4–441]: ALZHEIMER's AMYLOID‐β PEPTIDES SUPPORT THE INNATE IMMUNE DEFENSE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen NurembergErlangenGermany
- Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Mateja Condic
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Marina Mehlmann‐Scharin
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | | | - Oliver Friedrich
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Teja Grömer
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Roland Lang
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
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24
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Lewczuk P, Ermann N, Spitzer P, Maler JM, Kornhuber J. [P3–197]: OLIGOMERIC Aβ IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH EARLY ALZHEIMER's DISEASE: A PILOT STUDY. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Universitätsklinikum ErlagenErlangenGermany
- Friedrich‐Alexander Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Natalia Ermann
- Universitätsklinikum ErlagenErlangenGermany
- Friedrich‐Alexander Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Universitätsklinikum ErlagenErlangenGermany
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Universitätsklinikum ErlagenErlangenGermany
- Friedrich‐Alexander Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Universitätsklinikum ErlagenErlangenGermany
- Friedrich‐Alexander Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
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25
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Bobinger T, May L, Lücking H, Kloska SP, Burkardt P, Spitzer P, Maler JM, Corbeil D, Huttner HB. CD133-Positive Membrane Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Inflammatory and Degenerative Neurological Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:77. [PMID: 28396625 PMCID: PMC5366322 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a frequently used diagnostic tool in a variety of neurological diseases. Recent studies suggested that investigating membrane particles enriched with the stem cell marker CD133 may offer new avenues for studying neurological disease. In this study, we evaluated the amount of membrane particle-associated CD133 in human CSF in neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases. Methods: We compared the amount of membrane particle-associated CD133 in CSF samples collected from 45 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus, parkinsonism, dementia, and cognitive impairment, chronic inflammatory diseases and 10 healthy adult individuals as controls. After ultracentrifugation of CSF, gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting using anti-CD133 monoclonal antibody 80B258 were performed. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected using chemiluminescence. Results: The amount of membrane particle-associated CD133 was significantly increased in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (p < 0.001), parkinsonism (p = 0.011) as well as in patients with chronic inflammatory disease (p = 0.008). Analysis of CSF of patients with dementia and cognitive impairment revealed no significant change compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, subgroup analysis of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases demonstrated significantly elevated levels in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (p = 0.023) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS; p = 0.010). Conclusion: Collectively, our study revealed elevated levels of membrane particle-associated CD133 in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus, parkinsonism as well as relapsing-remitting and SPMS. Membrane glycoprotein CD133 may be of clinical value for several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bobinger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa May
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannes Lücking
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan P Kloska
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Burkardt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan M Maler
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Hagen B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
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Spitzer P, Condic M, Herrmann M, Oberstein TJ, Scharin-Mehlmann M, Gilbert DF, Friedrich O, Grömer T, Kornhuber J, Lang R, Maler JM. Amyloidogenic amyloid-β-peptide variants induce microbial agglutination and exert antimicrobial activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32228. [PMID: 27624303 PMCID: PMC5021948 DOI: 10.1038/srep32228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are the main components of the plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, Aβ peptides are also detectable in secretory compartments and peripheral blood contains a complex mixture of more than 40 different modified and/or N- and C-terminally truncated Aβ peptides. Recently, anti-infective properties of Aβ peptides have been reported. Here, we investigated the interaction of Aβ peptides of different lengths with various bacterial strains and the yeast Candida albicans. The amyloidogenic peptides Aβ1-42, Aβ2-42, and Aβ3p-42 but not the non-amyloidogenic peptides Aβ1-40 and Aβ2-40 bound to microbial surfaces. As observed by immunocytochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and Gram staining, treatment of several bacterial strains and Candida albicans with Aβ peptide variants ending at position 42 (Aβx-42) caused the formation of large agglutinates. These aggregates were not detected after incubation with Aβx-40. Furthermore, Aβx-42 exerted an antimicrobial activity on all tested pathogens, killing up to 80% of microorganisms within 6 h. Aβ1-40 only had a moderate antimicrobial activity against C. albicans. Agglutination of Aβ1-42 was accelerated in the presence of microorganisms. These data demonstrate that the amyloidogenic Aβx-42 variants have antimicrobial activity and may therefore act as antimicrobial peptides in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mateja Condic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Medicine III, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gluecksstraße 4a, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Scharin-Mehlmann
- Electron Devices, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel F Gilbert
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teja Grömer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wasserturmstr. 3/5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Feistel R, Wielgosz R, Bell SA, Camões MF, Cooper JR, Dexter P, Dickson AG, Fisicaro P, Harvey AH, Heinonen M, Hellmuth O, Kretzschmar HJ, Lovell-Smith JW, McDougall TJ, Pawlowicz R, Ridout P, Seitz S, Spitzer P, Stoica D, Wolf H. Metrological challenges for measurements of key climatological observables: Oceanic salinity and pH, and atmospheric humidity. Part 1: Overview. Metrologia 2016; 53:R1-R11. [PMID: 26900179 PMCID: PMC4759657 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water in its three ambient phases plays the central thermodynamic role in the terrestrial climate system. Clouds control Earth's radiation balance, atmospheric water vapour is the strongest "greenhouse" gas, and non-equilibrium relative humidity at the air-sea interface drives evaporation and latent heat export from the ocean. On climatic time scales, melting ice caps and regional deviations of the hydrological cycle result in changes of seawater salinity, which in turn may modify the global circulation of the oceans and their ability to store heat and to buffer anthropogenically produced carbon dioxide. In this paper, together with three companion articles, we examine the climatologically relevant quantities ocean salinity, seawater pH and atmospheric relative humidity, noting fundamental deficiencies in the definitions of those key observables, and their lack of secure foundation on the International System of Units, the SI. The metrological histories of those three quantities are reviewed, problems with their current definitions and measurement practices are analysed, and options for future improvements are discussed in conjunction with the recent seawater standard TEOS-10. It is concluded that the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, BIPM, in cooperation with the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, IAPWS, along with other international organisations and institutions, can make significant contributions by developing and recommending state-of-the-art solutions for these long standing metrological problems in climatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Feistel
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), D-18119 Warnemünde, Germany
| | - R Wielgosz
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 Sèvres Cedex France
| | - S A Bell
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - M F Camões
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Lisbon (FCUL), 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J R Cooper
- Queen Mary, University of London (QMUL), Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - P Dexter
- Bureau of Meteorology (ABN), GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - A G Dickson
- University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA
| | - P Fisicaro
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - A H Harvey
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO 80305-3337, USA
| | - M Heinonen
- MIKES Metrology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tekniikantie 1, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland
| | - O Hellmuth
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - H-J Kretzschmar
- Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences (HSZG), D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - J W Lovell-Smith
- Measurement Standards Laboratory (MSL), PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - T J McDougall
- University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - R Pawlowicz
- University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - P Ridout
- Ocean Scientific International Ltd. (OSIL), Culkin House, Penner Road, Havant, PO9 1QN, UK
| | - S Seitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Spitzer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - D Stoica
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - H Wolf
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Lewczuk P, Lelental N, Spitzer P, Maler JM, Kornhuber J. Amyloid-β 42/40 cerebrospinal fluid concentration ratio in the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease: validation of two novel assays. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 43:183-91. [PMID: 25079805 DOI: 10.3233/jad-140771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is reflected in recently published diagnostic and/or research criteria. A growing body of evidence suggests better diagnostic performance of the amyloid-β (Aβ)42/40 CSF concentration ratio compared to the Aβ42 concentration alone. OBJECTIVE (a) to analytically validate two novel ELISAs capable to measure Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the CSF, and (b) to compare the diagnostic accuracies of Aβ1-42 and Aβ42/40 ratio. METHODS In this study, (a) the novel Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 ELISAs (IBL International GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) have been analytically validated, and (b) a clinical study has been performed comparing the diagnostic performance of the CSF Aβ42/40 concentration ratio and the CSF Aβ42 concentration. RESULTS In the analytical part of the study, only marginal cross-reactivity (Aβ1-42 versus Aβ1-40) was observed; recoveries were in the range of 85-100% for the samples diluted 1 : 20-1 : 640 (Aβ1-40), and 92-104% for the samples diluted 1 : 20-1 : 320 (Aβ1-42). For Aβ1-40, the intra-assay imprecision was 2.1%, the inter-assay imprecision was 4.4%, and the inter-lot imprecision was 5.4 %. For Aβ1-42, the numbers were 3.1%, 6.2%, and 6.9%, respectively. The goodness of the fit of the average standard curves was >0.99 for both assays, and the imprecision of the optical densities in ten repetitions of the standard curves was ≤5% for all standards. In the clinical part, at the cut off value 691 pg/mL, Aβ1-42 showed sensitivity and specificity of 69.3% and 88.9%, respectively, whereas at the cut off value 0.06, the Aβ42/40 ratio showed significantly improved performance with sensitivity and specificity of 93.3% and 100%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for Aβ42/40 (0.974) was highly significantly larger compared to Aβ1-42 concentration ROC curve (0.827, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS (a) the novel Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 ELISA assays characterize with very good analytical performance; (b) we reconfirm that the CSF Aβ42/40 concentration ratio shows significantly better diagnostic performance compared to the CSF Aβ1-42 concentration alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalia Lelental
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Hellwig K, Kvartsberg H, Portelius E, Andreasson U, Oberstein TJ, Lewczuk P, Blennow K, Kornhuber J, Maler JM, Zetterberg H, Spitzer P. Neurogranin and YKL-40: independent markers of synaptic degeneration and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2015; 7:74. [PMID: 26698298 PMCID: PMC4690296 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Neuroinflammation and synaptic degeneration are major neuropathological hallmarks in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neurogranin and YKL-40 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are newly discovered markers indicating synaptic damage and microglial activation, respectively. Methods CSF samples from 95 individuals including 39 patients with AD dementia (AD-D), 13 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (MCI-AD), 29 with MCI not due to AD (MCI-o) and 14 patients with non-AD dementias (non-AD-D) were analyzed for neurogranin and YKL-40. Results Patients with dementia or MCI due to AD showed elevated levels of CSF neurogranin (p < 0.001 for AD-D and p < 0.05 for MCI-AD) and YKL-40 (p < 0.05 for AD-D and p = 0.15 for MCI-AD) compared to mildly cognitively impaired subjects not diagnosed with AD. CSF levels of neurogranin and YKL-40 did not differ between MCI not due to AD and non-AD dementias. In AD subjects no correlation between YKL-40 and neurogranin was found. The CSF neurogranin levels correlated moderately with tau and p-tau but not with Aβ42 or the MMSE in AD samples. No relevant associations between YKL-40 and MMSE or the core AD biomarkers, Aβ42, t-tau and p-tau were found in AD subjects. Conclusions Neurogranin and YKL-40 are promising AD biomarkers, independent of and complementary to the established core AD biomarkers, reflecting additional pathological changes in the course of AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-015-0161-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Hellwig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University clinic Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. .,AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University clinic Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University clinic Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University clinic Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University clinic Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University clinic Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Poehler AM, Xiang W, Spitzer P, May VEL, Meixner H, Rockenstein E, Chutna O, Outeiro TF, Winkler J, Masliah E, Klucken J. Autophagy modulates SNCA/α-synuclein release, thereby generating a hostile microenvironment. Autophagy 2015; 10:2171-92. [PMID: 25484190 DOI: 10.4161/auto.36436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SNCA/α-synuclein aggregation plays a crucial role in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Aggregating and nonaggregating SNCA species are degraded by the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Previously, we have shown that the ALP is not only responsible for SNCA degradation but is also involved in the intracellular aggregation process of SNCA. An additional role of extracellular SNCA in the pathology of synucleinopathies substantiating a prion-like propagation hypothesis has been suggested since released SNCA species and spreading of SNCA pathology throughout neural cells have been observed. However, the molecular interplay between intracellular pathways, SNCA aggregation, release, and response of the local microenvironment remains unknown. Here, we attributed SNCA-induced toxicity mainly to secreted species in a cell culture model of SNCA aggregation and in SNCA transgenic mice: We showed that ALP inhibition by bafilomycinA1 reduced intracellular SNCA aggregation but increased secretion of smaller oligomers that exacerbated microenvironmental response including uptake, inflammation, and cellular damage. Low-aggregated SNCA was predominantly released by exosomes and RAB11A-associated pathways whereas high-aggregated SNCA was secreted by membrane shedding. In summary, our study revealed a novel role of the ALP by linking protein degradation to nonclassical secretion for toxic SNCA species. Thus, impaired ALP in the diseased brain not only limits intracellular degradation of misfolded proteins, but also leads to a detrimental microenvironmental response due to enhanced SNCA secretion. These findings suggest that the major toxic role of SNCA is related to its extracellular species and further supports a protective role of intracellular SNCA aggregation.
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Key Words
- ACTB/bAct, actin, β
- AIF1/Iba1, allograft inflammatory factor 1
- AK, adenylate kinase
- ALP, autophagy-lysosomal pathway
- ANXA5, annexin A5
- BafA1, bafilomycinA1
- CA1, cornu ammonis field1
- CASP3/aCasp3, caspase-3
- CD63, CD63 molecule
- CM, conditioned medium
- CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies
- ER, endoplasmatic reticulum
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport
- EV, empty vector
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HSPA8/Hsc70, heat shock 70kDa protein 8
- Hippo, hippocampus
- IL6/IL-6, interleukin-6
- ILVs, intraluminal vesicles
- LAMP2A/Lamp2a, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2, isoform A
- LB, Lewy bodies
- LN, Lewy neuritis
- MAP2, microtubule-associated protein 2
- ML, molecular layer
- MVBs, multivesicular bodies
- N, neuron
- Neoctx, neocortex
- PD, Parkinson disease
- PDGFB/PDGFb, platelet-derived growth factor subunit b
- PF, particle fraction
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- Parkinson disease
- RAB11A/rab11, member RAS oncogene family
- RBFOX3/NeuN, RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3
- RT, room temperature
- S100B/S100b, S100 calcium-binding protein B
- SL, stratum lacunosum; SNCA/aSyn
- SNCA-T, tagged α-synuclein
- SNCAIP/Sph1, synphilin-1
- SYP, synaptophysin
- TNF/TNFa, tumor necrosis factor α
- TUBB3/b-III-Tub, tubulin, β 3 class III
- UPS, ubiquitin proteasome system
- WT-SNCA, wild-type α-synuclein
- inflammation
- lysosomal degradation
- protein aggregation
- secretion
- synucleinopathies
- tg, transgenic
- α-synuclein
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Maria Poehler
- a Department of Molecular Neurology ; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) ; Erlangen , Germany
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Kvartsberg H, Portelius E, Andreasson U, Brinkmalm G, Hellwig K, Lelental N, Kornhuber J, Hansson O, Minthon L, Spitzer P, Maler JM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Lewczuk P. Characterization of the postsynaptic protein neurogranin in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples from Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy controls. Alzheimers Res Ther 2015; 7:40. [PMID: 26136856 PMCID: PMC4487851 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Synaptic dysfunction and degeneration are central events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology that are thought to occur early in disease progression. Synaptic pathology may be studied by examining protein biomarkers specific for different synaptic elements. We recently showed that the dendritic protein neurogranin (Ng), including the endogenous Ng peptide 48 to 76 (Ng48–76), is markedly increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AD and that Ng48–76 is the dominant peptide in human brain tissue. The aim of this study was to characterize Ng in plasma and CSF using mass spectrometry and to investigate the performance of plasma Ng as an AD biomarker. Methods Paired plasma and CSF samples from patients with AD (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 20) were analyzed in parallel using an immunoassay developed in-house on the Meso Scale Discovery platform and hybrid immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry (HI-MS). A second plasma material from patients with AD (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 17) was also analyzed with HI-MS. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used for identification of endogenous plasma Ng peptides. Results Ng in human plasma is present as several endogenous peptides. Of the 16 endogenous Ng peptides identified, seven were unique for plasma and not detectable in CSF. However, Ng48–76 was not present in plasma. CSF Ng was significantly increased in AD compared with controls (P < 0.0001), whereas the plasma Ng levels were similar between the groups in both studies. Plasma and CSF Ng levels showed no correlation. CSF Ng was stable during storage at −20°C for up to 2 days, and no de novo generation of peptides were detected. Conclusions For the first time, to our knowledge, we have identified several endogenous Ng peptides in human plasma. In agreement with previous studies, we show that CSF Ng is significantly increased in AD as compared with healthy controls. The origin of Ng in plasma and its possible use as a biomarker need to be further investigated. The results suggest that CSF Ng, in particular Ng48–76, might reflect the neurodegenerative processes within the brain, indicating a role for Ng as a potential novel clinical biomarker for synaptic function in AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-015-0124-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden ; AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Hellwig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalia Lelental
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Memory Clinic, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Klinikgatan 22, SE-222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Memory Clinic, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Klinikgatan 22, SE-222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan M Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden ; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square 588, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, House V3/SU Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Oberstein TJ, Spitzer P, Klafki HW, Linning P, Neff F, Knölker HJ, Lewczuk P, Wiltfang J, Kornhuber J, Maler JM. Astrocytes and microglia but not neurons preferentially generate N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 73:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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34
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Condic M, Oberstein TJ, Herrmann M, Reimann MC, Kornhuber J, Maler JM, Spitzer P. N-truncation and pyroglutaminylation enhances the opsonizing capacity of Aβ-peptides and facilitates phagocytosis by macrophages and microglia. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 41:116-25. [PMID: 24876064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulations of amyloid-β (Aβ)-peptides are one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The precursor of the Aβ-peptides, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), is also found in peripheral blood cells, but its function in these cells remains elusive. We previously observed that mononuclear phagocytes release Aβ-peptides during activation and phagocytosis, suggesting a physiologic role in inflammatory processes. Here, we show that supplementing the media with soluble N-terminally truncated Aβ(2-40) and Aβ(2-42) as well as Aβ(1-42) induced the phagocytosis of polystyrene particles (PSPs) by primary human monocytes. If the PSPs were pre-incubated with Aβ-peptides, phagocytosis was induced by all tested Aβ-peptide species. N-terminally truncated Aβ(x-42) induced the phagocytosis of PSPs significantly more effectively than did Aβ(x-40). Similarly, the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by GM-CSF- and M-CSF-elicited macrophages as well as microglia was particularly facilitated by pre-incubation with N-terminally truncated Aβ(x-42). The proinflammatory polarization of monocytes was indicated by the reduced MSRI expression and IL-10 secretion after phagocytosis of PSPs coated with Aβ(1-42), Aβ(2-42) and Aβ(3p-42). Polarization of the macrophages by GM-CSF reduced the phagocytic activity, but it did not affect the capabilities of Aβ-peptides to opsonize prey. Taken together, Aβ-peptides support phagocytosis as soluble factors and act as opsonins. Differential effects among the Aβ-peptide variants point to distinct mechanisms of interaction among monocytes/macrophages, prey and Aβ-peptides. A proinflammatory polarization induced by the phagocytosis of Aβ-peptide coated particles may provide a model for the chronic inflammatory reaction and sustained plaque deposition in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Condic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Medicine III, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gluecksstraße 4a, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mareike Carola Reimann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Fritschi SK, Langer F, Kaeser SA, Maia LF, Portelius E, Pinotsi D, Kaminski CF, Winkler DT, Maetzler W, Keyvani K, Spitzer P, Wiltfang J, Kaminski Schierle GS, Zetterberg H, Staufenbiel M, Jucker M. Highly potent soluble amyloid-β seeds in human Alzheimer brain but not cerebrospinal fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2909-2915. [PMID: 25212850 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The soluble fraction of brain samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease contains highly biologically active amyloid-β seeds. In this study, we sought to assess the potency of soluble amyloid-β seeds derived from the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Soluble Alzheimer's disease brain extracts were serially diluted and then injected into the hippocampus of young, APP transgenic mice. Eight months later, seeded amyloid-β deposition was evident even when the hippocampus received subattomole amounts of brain-derived amyloid-β. In contrast, cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease, which contained more than 10-fold higher levels of amyloid-β peptide than the most concentrated soluble brain extracts, did not induce detectable seeding activity in vivo. Similarly, cerebrospinal fluid from aged APP-transgenic donor mice failed to induce cerebral amyloid-β deposition. In comparison to the soluble brain fraction, cerebrospinal fluid largely lacked N-terminally truncated amyloid-β species and exhibited smaller amyloid-β-positive particles, features that may contribute to the lack of in vivo seeding by cerebrospinal fluid. Interestingly, the same cerebrospinal fluid showed at least some seeding activity in an in vitro assay. The present results indicate that the biological seeding activity of soluble amyloid-β species is orders of magnitude greater in brain extracts than in the cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Fritschi
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Langer
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Kaeser
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luis F Maia
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dorothea Pinotsi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
| | - David T Winkler
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Maetzler
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-43180 Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Matthias Staufenbiel
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Fritschi SK, Langer F, Kaeser SA, Maia LF, Maetzler W, Keyvani K, Spitzer P, Wiltfang J, Staufenbiel M, Jucker M. P4‐065: HIGHLY POTENT SOLUBLE Aβ SEEDS IN HUMAN ALZHEIMER BRAIN BUT NOT CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Fritschi
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen/DZNETuebingenGermany
| | - Franziska Langer
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen/DZNETuebingenGermany
| | - Stephan A. Kaeser
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen/DZNETuebingenGermany
| | - Luis F. Maia
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen/DZNETuebingenGermany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen/DZNETuebingenGermany
| | | | | | - Jens Wiltfang
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Psychiatrie und PsychotherapieGöttingenGermany
| | - Matthias Staufenbiel
- Hertie Institute for Clincial Brain Research, University of Tuebingen/DZNETuebingenGermany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen/DZNETuebingenGermany
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Lewczuk P, Lelental N, Maler JM, Spitzer P, Kornhuber J. P4‐047: EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE WITH THE β‐AMYLOID 42/40 CSF CONCENTRATION RATIO: ANALYTICAL AND CLINICAL VALIDATION OF TWO NOVEL ASSAYS. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Spitzer P, Kohl Z, Gölitz P, Coras R, Blümcke I, Brück W, Dörfler A, Maihöfner C. Biochemical markers of neurodegeneration in hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with spheroids. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2012-008510. [PMID: 24891473 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-008510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited disease with unknown pathophysiology. Diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is increasingly based on biomarkers. Although lumbar puncture is routinely performed during the diagnostic workup of HDLS, reports on alterations of neurodegeneration-specific biochemical markers have not been documented so far. We report a 35-year-old woman with clinical, radiological and neuropathological signs of HDLS. She suffered from a rapidly progressive frontal lobe syndrome. Brain MRI revealed diffuse leucoencephalopathy with predominant involvement of the periventricular white matter and corpus callosum. Although she was severely impaired and leucoencephalopathy was prominent, only cerebrospinal fluid total-τ was moderately elevated. Other markers of neuronal (NSE) and astrocytic (S100B) damage were within normal range. Therefore, biochemical markers of central nervous system damage are not helpful in the diagnosis of HDLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University and General Fürth Hospital, Erlangen, Germany Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Gölitz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Maihöfner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University and General Fürth Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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Bastkowski F, Jakobsen PT, Stefan F, Kristensen HB, Jensen HD, Kawiecki R, Wied CE, Kauert A, Seidl B, Spitzer P, Eberhardt R, Adel B. Automated high precision secondary pH measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:045105. [PMID: 23635230 DOI: 10.1063/1.4798644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new setup for high precision, automated secondary pH measurements together with a reference measurement procedure has been developed and tested in interlaboratory comparisons using buffers pH 4.005, pH 7.000, and pH 10.012 at 25 °C and 37 °C. Using primary buffers as standards, a standard uncertainty in pH better than 0.005 can be reached. The central measuring device is a one piece, thermostatted cell of PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) with a built-in Hamilton(®) Single Pore™ Glass electrode. Due to its flow-through principle this device allows pH measurements with low consumption of measurement solutions. The very hydrophobic and smooth PFA as construction material facilitates complete emptying of the cell. Furthermore, the tempering unit affords very precise temperature control and hence contributes to the low target uncertainty of the produced secondary buffer solutions. Use of a symmetric measurement sequence and the two point calibration was sufficient to reach high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bastkowski
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany.
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Neustetter C, Zangerl M, Spitzer P, Zierhofer C. In-vitro characterization of a cochlear implant system for recording of evoked compound action potentials. Biomed Eng Online 2012; 11:22. [PMID: 22531599 PMCID: PMC3351967 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-11-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modern cochlear implants have integrated recording systems for measuring electrically evoked compound action potentials of the auditory nerve. The characterization of such recording systems is important for establishing a reliable basis for the interpretation of signals acquired in vivo. In this study we investigated the characteristics of the recording system integrated into the MED-EL PULSARCI100 cochlear implant, especially its linearity and resolution, in order to develop a mathematical model describing the recording system. Methods In-vitro setup: The cochlear implant, including all attached electrodes, was fixed in a tank of physiologic saline solution. Sinusoidal signals of the same frequency but with different amplitudes were delivered via a signal generator for measuring and recording on a single electrode. Computer simulations: A basic mathematical model including the main elements of the recording system, i.e. amplification and digitalization stage, was developed. For this, digital output for sinusoidal input signals of different amplitudes were calculated using in-vitro recordings as reference. Results Using an averaging of 100 measurements the recording system behaved linearly down to approximately -60 dB of the input signal range. Using the same method, a system resolution of 10 μV was determined for sinusoidal signals. The simulation results were in very good agreement with the results obtained from in-vitro experiments. Conclusions The recording system implemented in the MED-EL PULSARCI100 cochlear implant for measuring the evoked compound action potential of the auditory nerve operates reliably. The developed mathematical model provides a good approximation of the recording system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Neustetter
- C, Doppler Laboratory for Active Implantable Systems, Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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Spitzer P, Schieb H, Kamrowski-Kruck H, Otto M, Chiasserini D, Parnetti L, Herukka SK, Schuchhardt J, Wiltfang J, Klafki HW. Evidence for Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid ERK1/2 Levels in Alzheimer Dementia. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:739847. [PMID: 22145083 PMCID: PMC3227514 DOI: 10.4061/2011/739847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 33 patients with Alzheimer dementia (AD), 21 patients with mild cognitive impairment who converted to AD during followup (MCI-AD), 25 patients with stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI-stable), and 16 nondemented subjects (ND) were analyzed with a chemiluminescence immunoassay to assess the levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2). The results were evaluated in relation to total Tau (tTau), phosphorylated Tau (pTau), and beta-amyloid 42 peptide (Aβ42). CSF-ERK1/2 was significantly increased in the AD group as compared to stable MCI patients and the ND group. Western blot analysis of a pooled cerebrospinal fluid sample revealed that both isoforms, ERK1 and ERK2, and low amounts of doubly phosphorylated ERK2 were detectable. As a predictive diagnostic AD biomarker, CSF-ERK1/2 was inferior to tTau, pTau, and Aβ42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, LVR-Klinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
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42
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Drago V, Babiloni C, Bartrés-Faz D, Caroli A, Bosch B, Hensch T, Didic M, Klafki HW, Pievani M, Jovicich J, Venturi L, Spitzer P, Vecchio F, Schoenknecht P, Wiltfang J, Redolfi A, Forloni G, Blin O, Irving E, Davis C, Hårdemark HG, Frisoni GB. Disease Tracking Markers for Alzheimer's Disease at the Prodromal (MCI) Stage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 26 Suppl 3:159-99. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Drago
- LENITEM Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS “San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Facutat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, and Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Caroli
- LENITEM Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS “San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli”, Brescia, Italy
- Medical Imaging Unit, Biomedical Engineering Department, Mario Negri, Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Facutat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, and Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tilman Hensch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mira Didic
- Service de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, Pôle de neurosciences cliniques, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpitaux de la Timone, CMRR PACA Ouest & INSERM U751, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR-Klinikum, Essen, Germany
| | - Michela Pievani
- LENITEM Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS “San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Functional NeuroImaging Laboratory, Center for Mind Brain Sciences, University of Trento
| | - Luca Venturi
- LENITEM Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS “San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR-Klinikum, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jans Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR-Klinikum, Essen, Germany
| | - Alberto Redolfi
- LENITEM Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS “San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli”, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Olivier Blin
- Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC-UPCET) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, UMR-CNRS, 6193 Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, CHU, Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Elaine Irving
- Neurosciences CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, Essex, UK
| | - Ceri Davis
- Neurosciences CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, Essex, UK
| | | | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- LENITEM Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS “San Giovanni di Dio – Fatebenefratelli”, Brescia, Italy
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Eberl R, Spitzer P, Singer G, Höllwarth M. Kinderunfälle und deren Prävention. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-011-2422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
A method for the efficient decontamination of aluminium oxide ceramic 2-DE focusing trays from β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) is reported. As these contaminations were resistant to the standard cleaning procedures, additional harsh cleaning steps were necessary for their efficient removal. Our observations suggest that specific surface properties affect the degree of adsorption of the Aβ-peptides. "Surface catalysed amyloid aggregation" in the aluminium oxide ceramic trays is proposed as a possible underlying mechanism for the occurrence of proteinase K-resistant forms of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinke Schieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR-Klinikum, Essen, Germany
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45
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Spitzer P, Herrmann M, Klafki HW, Smirnov A, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Maler JM. Phagocytosis and LPS alter the maturation state of β-amyloid precursor protein and induce different Aβ peptide release signatures in human mononuclear phagocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:59. [PMID: 20929546 PMCID: PMC2958903 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classic neuritic β-amyloid plaque of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is typically associated with activated microglia and neuroinflammation. Similarly, cerebrovascular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits are surrounded by perivascular macrophages. Both observations indicate a contribution of the mononuclear phagocyte system to the development of β-amyloid. METHODS Human CD14-positive mononuclear phagocytes were isolated from EDTA-anticoagulated blood by magnetic activated cell sorting. After a cultivation period of 72 hours in serum-free medium we assessed the protein levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) as well as the patterns and the amounts of released Aβ peptides by ELISA or one-dimensional and two-dimensional urea-based SDS-PAGE followed by western immunoblotting. RESULTS We observed strong and significant increases in Aβ peptide release upon phagocytosis of acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL) or polystyrene beads and also after activation of the CD14/TLR4 pathway by stimulation with LPS. The proportion of released N-terminally truncated Aβ variants was increased after stimulation with polystyrene beads and acLDL but not after stimulation with LPS. Furthermore, strong shifts in the proportions of single Aβ1-40 and Aβ2-40 variants were detected resulting in a stimulus-specific Aβ signature. The increased release of Aβ peptides was accompanied by elevated levels of full length APP in the cells. The maturation state of APP was correlated with the release of N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that mononuclear phagocytes potentially contribute to the various N-truncated Aβ variants found in AD β-amyloid plaques, especially under neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Spitzer P, Klafki HW, Blennow K, Buée L, Esselmann H, Herruka SK, Jimenez C, Klivenyi P, Lewczuk P, Maler JM, Markus K, Meyer HE, Morris C, Müller T, Otto M, Parnetti L, Soininen H, Schraen S, Teunissen C, Vecsei L, Zetterberg H, Wiltfang J. cNEUPRO: Novel Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20886057 PMCID: PMC2945639 DOI: 10.4061/2010/548145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
“clinical NEUroPROteomics of neurodegenerative diseases” (cNEUPRO) is a Specific Targeted Research Project (STREP) within the sixth framework program of the European Commission dedicated to the search for novel biomarker candidates for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. The ultimate goal of cNEUPRO is to identify one or more valid biomarker(s) in blood and CSF applicable to support the early and differential diagnosis of dementia disorders. The consortium covers all steps required for the discovery of novel biomarker candidates such as acquisition of high quality CSF and blood samples from relevant patient groups and controls, analysis of body fluids by various methods, and finally assay development and assay validation. Here we report the standardized procedures for diagnosis and preanalytical sample-handling within the project, as well as the status of the ongoing research activities and some first results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Seitz S, Manzin A, Jensen H, Jakobsen P, Spitzer P. Traceability of electrolytic conductivity measurements to the International System of Units in the sub mSm−1 region and review of models of electrolytic conductivity cells. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Maler JM, Klafki HW, Spitzer P, Esselmann H, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J. Nachweis komplexer Aβ-Peptidmuster in humanem Plasma. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Spitzer P, Klafki HW, Esselmann H, Wiltfang J, Maler JM. P4‐289: Phagocytosis Is Associated With Increased Secretion Of N‐terminally Truncated beta‐amyloid Peptides In Human Mononuclear Phagocytes. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spitzer
- LVR‐KlinikumKliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | | | - Hermann Esselmann
- LVR‐KlinikumKliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- LVR‐KlinikumKliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
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