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Senkpeil L, Bhardwaj J, Little MR, Holla P, Upadhye A, Fusco EM, Swanson Ii PA, Wiegand RE, Macklin MD, Bi K, Flynn BJ, Yamamoto A, Gaskin EL, Sather DN, Oblak AL, Simpson E, Gao H, Haining WN, Yates KB, Liu X, Murshedkar T, Richie TL, Sim BKL, Otieno K, Kariuki S, Xuei X, Liu Y, Polidoro RB, Hoffman SL, Oneko M, Steinhardt LC, Schmidt NW, Seder RA, Tran TM. Innate immune activation restricts priming and protective efficacy of the radiation-attenuated PfSPZ malaria vaccine. JCI Insight 2024:e167408. [PMID: 38687615 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A systems analysis was conducted to determine the potential molecular mechanisms underlying differential immunogenicity and protective efficacy results of a clinical trial of the radiation-attenuated whole sporozoite PfSPZ Vaccine in African infants. Innate immune activation and myeloid signatures at pre-vaccination baseline correlated with protection from Pf parasitemia in placebo controls. These same signatures were associated with susceptibility to parasitemia among infants who received the highest and most protective PfSPZ Vaccine dose. Machine learning identified spliceosome, proteosome, and resting dendritic cell signatures as pre-vaccination features predictive of protection after highest-dose PfSPZ vaccination, whereas baseline CSP-specific IgG predicted non-protection. Pre-vaccination innate inflammatory and myeloid signatures were associated with higher sporozoite-specific IgG Ab response but undetectable PfSPZ-specific CD8+ T-cell responses post-vaccination. Consistent with these human data, innate stimulation in vivo conferred protection against infection by sporozoite injection in malaria-naïve mice while diminishing the CD8+ T-cell response to radiation-attenuated sporozoites. These data suggest a dichotomous role of innate stimulation for malaria protection and induction of protective immunity of whole-sporozoite malaria vaccines. The uncoupling of vaccine-induced protective immunity achieved by Abs from more protective CD8+ T cell responses suggest that PfSPZ Vaccine efficacy in malaria-endemic settings may be constrained by opposing antigen presentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leetah Senkpeil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Bhardwaj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Morgan R Little
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Prasida Holla
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Aditi Upadhye
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M Fusco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Phillip A Swanson Ii
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Ryan E Wiegand
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Michael D Macklin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Kevin Bi
- Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Barbara J Flynn
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Ayako Yamamoto
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Erik L Gaskin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Edward Simpson
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
| | | | | | - B Kim Lee Sim
- Manufacturing, Sanaria Inc., Rockville, United States of America
| | - Kephas Otieno
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Simon Kariuki
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Rafael B Polidoro
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | | | - Martina Oneko
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Laura C Steinhardt
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Glob, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Depa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Robert A Seder
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Tuan M Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
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