HIV infection and associated risk factors among long-distance truck drivers travelling through Azerbaijan

The aim of this study was to assess HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviours among international truck drivers (TDs) in Azerbaijan. The subjects signed consent and completed a questionnaire. Blood was tested using two rapid HIV tests: Determine and OraQuick. Genotyping was performed on 13 positives. Overall, 3763 TDs from 21 countries were enrolled. Fifty-eight (1.54%) were HIV-positive. Highest prevalence was among Russians (2.88%), Ukrainians (1.66%) and Azerbaijani (1.09%). On univariate analysis, highest prevalence (60%) was among injecting drug users (IDUs) compared with 0.4% among non-IDUs (P < 0.001). The prevalence in men who had sex with men (MSM) (42.9%) was high (P </= 0.001). On multivariate analysis, IDUs and MSM remained as the main HIV independent risk factors. Additional risk factors include no condom use, no circumcision and a history of an sexually transmitted infection. Eleven of 13 samples were subtype A. In conclusion, HIV was highly associated with IDU and MSM. The detected HIV subtypes A and B are those predominant in the former Soviet Union.