Association between plant nutrients, the development of Huanglongbing and abnormal growth symptoms in navel orange

Huanglongbing (HLB) causes extensive damage in citrus orchards worldwide. Symptoms include blotchy mottle leaf (BML) and little leaf chlorosis (LLC), and nutrient deficiency usually occurs concurrently. However, the relationship between plant mineral content and infection with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is not clearly established. We sampled 7-month-old autumn shoots with three characteristic phenotypes, asymptomatic leaf (AL), BML and LLC, representing HLB disease progression, and further divided samples into CLas-infected and uninfected based on PCR analysis. HLB infection decreased transfer coefficients of Mg and K from leaf to phloem tissues through regulation of the transporter genes Cs3g03790.1 and PtrMGT5, increasing the content of leaf Mg and K. HLB infection also decreased leaf Zn, xylem Ca and phloem Ca and Zn content. Leaf Ca, Mg, Zn and B content decreased while leaf K content increased significantly as symptoms progressed from AL to LLC. The transport of P from leaf to phloem tissue, as evaluated by the transfer coefficient, was regulated by the transporter CsiPT2, resulting in irregular levels of leaf P. Our results provide insights into the nutrient dynamics in Citrus in response to CLas infection and the progression of HLB symptoms.

[Comparison of the effectiveness of levofloxacin and cefuroxime for the treatment of sinusitis]

OBJECTIVE

To observe the effectiveness of levofloxacin and cefuroxime for the treatment of sinusitis in adults.

METHOD

Patients with acute or chronic sinusitis were randomly assigned to receive either levofloxacin (200 mg orally once daily, 200/100 mg twice daily) or cefuroxime (250 mg orally twice daily) for 10 to 14 days. Pre- or post-treatment, the clinical and laboratory examination were done and in the end of treatment, the efficacy and safety were assessment.

RESULT

The success rates after the end of treatment were 97.4% for the 76 patients who received levofloxacin and 92.8% for the 14 patients who received cefuroxime. The resolution rates of bacteria were 91.6% and 80.0%, respectively. The safety of these two groups were more high.

CONCLUSION

Levofloxacin is effective for the treatment of sinusitis in adults and pay attention to the course of treatment for raising the efficacy of treatment.