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Dytrych T, Launey KD, Draayer JP, Rowe DJ, Wood JL, Rosensteel G, Bahri C, Langr D, Baker RB. Physics of Nuclei: Key Role of an Emergent Symmetry. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:042501. [PMID: 32058774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.042501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show through first-principles nuclear structure calculations that the special nature of the strong nuclear force determines highly regular patterns heretofore unrecognized in nuclei that can be tied to an emergent approximate symmetry. This symmetry is ubiquitous and mathematically tracks with a symplectic symmetry group. This, in turn, has important implications for understanding the physics of nuclei: we find that nuclei are made of only a few equilibrium shapes, deformed or not, with associated vibrations and rotations. It also opens the path for ab initio large-scale modeling of open-shell intermediate-mass nuclei without the need for renormalized interactions and effective charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dytrych
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - K D Launey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J P Draayer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D J Rowe
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - J L Wood
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - G Rosensteel
- Physics Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - C Bahri
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - D Langr
- Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16000 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - R B Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Danielson AM, Azarpajouh S, Baker RB, Rademacher CJ, Dickson JS, Johnson AK, Karriker LA, Bigelow TT, Stalder KJ. 077 Enterobacteriaceae counts from livestock truck wash stations offering different service levels located in Iowa. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/msasas2016-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rochon K, Baker RB, Almond GW, Gimeno IM, Pérez de León AA, Watson DW. Persistence and Retention of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae). J Med Entomol 2015; 52:1117-1123. [PMID: 26336236 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the acquisition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus by the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)) through a bloodmeal, and virus persistence in the digestive organs of the fly using virus isolation and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Stable flies were fed blood containing live virus, modified live vaccine virus, chemically inactivated virus, or no virus. Stable flies acquired PRRSV from the bloodmeal and the amount of virus in the flies declined with time, indicating virus did not replicate in fly digestive tissues. Virus RNA was recovered from the flies fed live virus up to 24 h postfeeding using virus isolation techniques and 96 h using qRT-PCR. We further examined the fate of PRRSV in the hemolymph of the flies following intrathoracic injection to bypass the midgut barrier. PRRSV was detected in intrathoracically inoculated adult stable flies for 10 d using qRT-PCR. In contrast to what we observed in the digestive tract, detectable virus quantities in the intrathoracically inoculated stable flies followed an exponential decay curve. The amount of virus decreased fourfold in the first 3 d and remained stable thereafter, up to 10 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rochon
- University of Manitoba, 214 Entomology Bldg., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.
| | - R B Baker
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 3020, Ames, IA 50010
| | - G W Almond
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - I M Gimeno
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - A A Pérez de León
- Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX 78028-1984
| | - D W Watson
- North Carolina State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1111 Grinnells Laboratory, Campus Box 7626, Raleigh, NC 27695-7626
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Rochon K, Baker RB, Almond GW, Watson DW. Assessment of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) as a vector of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Med Entomol 2011; 48:876-883. [PMID: 21845948 DOI: 10.1603/me10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a globally significant swine disease caused by an arterivirus. The virus replicates in alveolar macrophages of infected pigs, resulting in pneumonia in growing pigs and late-term abortions in sows. Outbreaks occur on disparate farms within an area despite biosecurity measures, suggesting mechanical transport by arthropods. We investigated the vector potential of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), in the transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (family Arteriviridae, genus Arterivirus, PRRSV) under laboratory conditions. Stable flies were collected around PRRS-negative boar stud barns in North Carolina and tested for presence of the virus. Stable flies were collected on alsynite traps placed near the exhaust fan of the close-sided tunnel-ventilated buildings, suggesting blood seeking flies are attracted by olfactory cues. No flies were positive for PRRSV. We assessed transmission of the virus through an infective bite by feeding laboratory reared stable flies on blood containing virus and transferring them to naive pigs for subsequent bloodmeals. Transmission of the virus to naive pigs by infective bites failed in all attempts. The volume of blood contained within the closed mouthparts of the stable fly seems to be insufficient to deliver an infective dose of the virus. Stable flies are unlikely to transmit PRRSV from one pig to another while blood feeding. The fate of the virus after a bloodmeal remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rochon
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Baker RB, Madson M, Patterson R, Opriessnig T. Evaluation of the safety of four porcine circovirus type 2 tissue homogenate vaccines in a pig bioassay. Vet Rec 2009; 165:262-5. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.9.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Baker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - M. Madson
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - R. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - T. Opriessnig
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
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Cheung AK, Lager KM, Kohutyuk OI, Vincent AL, Henry SC, Baker RB, Rowland RR, Dunham AG. Detection of two porcine circovirus type 2 genotypic groups in United States swine herds. Arch Virol 2007; 152:1035-44. [PMID: 17219018 PMCID: PMC7086833 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In late 2005, sporadic cases of an acute onset disease of high mortality were observed in 10- to 16-week-old growing pigs among several swine herds of the United States. Tissues from the affected pigs in Kansas, Iowa, and North Carolina were examined, and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was detected consistently among these tissues. Phylogenetically, PCV2 can be divided into two major genotypic groups, PCV2-group 1 and PCV2-group 2. Whereas PCV2-group 1 isolates were detected in all the diseased animals, only two of the diseased animals harbored PCV2-group 2 isolates. This observation is important because PCV2-group 1 isolates had never been reported in the United States before (GenBank as of May 16, 2006), and they are closely related to the PCV2-group 1 isolates that have been described in Europe and Asia, previously. Our analysis revealed that each genotypic group contains a distinct stretch of nucleotide or amino acid sequence that may serve as a signature motif for PCV2-group 1 or PCV2-group 2 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Cheung
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
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Adams R, Loewe S, Pease DC, Cain CK, Wearn RB, Baker RB, Wolff H. STRUCTURE OF CANNABIDIOL. VIII. POSITION OF THE DOUBLE BONDS IN CANNABIDIOL. MARIHUANA ACTIVITY OF TETRAHYDROCANNABINOLS. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01866a510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Baker RB. Does this patient have sinusitis? JAMA 1994; 271:502; author reply 502-3. [PMID: 8301756 DOI: 10.1001/jama.271.7.502c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Baker RB. Index of suspicion. Case 2. Diagnosis: myastheniagravis. Pediatr Rev 1993; 14:361-3. [PMID: 8247972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R B Baker
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Bonita
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Baker RB. Is ear pulling associated with ear infection? Pediatrics 1992; 90:1006-7. [PMID: 1437419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Baker RB. Anal fissure produced by examination for sexual abuse. Am J Dis Child 1991; 145:848-9. [PMID: 1858717 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160080022010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
The innervation of extraocular muscles in the rabbit was studied by using the methods of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry, gross dissection, and quantitative morphology. Subdivisions of the oculomotor complex that innervate the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique and levator palpebrae are described, and our results are in agreement with previous accounts of the projections of this nucleus. Our analysis of the innervation of the lateral rectus and retractor bulbi muscles, however, differs from previous descriptions. The axons of approximately 80% of neurons in the abducens nucleus are in the VIth nerve and innervate the lateral rectus muscle, and approximately 15-20% are internuclear neurons both surrounding and intermingling with the motor neurons of the abducens nucleus. The interneurons project to the medial rectus subdivision of the contralateral oculomotor complex via the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). Neurons in both the abducens and the accessory abducens nucleus innervate the retractor bulbi muscles via the VIth nerve. All neurons in the accessory abducens nucleus innervate the retractor bulbi muscles, but gross dissection revealed that the retractor bulbi is also innervated by the IIIrd nerve. The bases for differences between our data and previously published descriptions are discussed. The trochlear nucleus of the rabbit has not been previously studied by methods of axonal transport. The body of the nucleus, its caudal tail, the trajectories of axons entering the trochlear nerve, and soma size distributions are described. The trochlear nucleus contains approximately 900 neurons; most are motoneurons the axons of which travel in the trochlear nerve and decussate in the anterior medullary velum. Approximately 3% of trochlear motor neurons innervate the ipsilateral superior oblique muscle. Their soma size is significantly smaller than that of contralaterally projecting neurons. For comparative purposes, the innervation of extraocular muscles by the trochlear nerve was also investigated in several rodents and carnivores. In all animals studied, the percentage of trochlear neurons innervating the ipsilateral superior oblique muscle was strikingly uniform (2-4%). Gross dissection of the extraocular muscles revealed in the rabbit a muscle, innervated by the trochlear nerve, for which we propose the name "tensor trochleae." In the rabbit, this muscle is innervated by approximately one-third of the trochlear motor neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Baker RB. Dysuria: presenting complaint in labial fusion. Am J Dis Child 1986; 140:1100-1. [PMID: 3766484 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140250026025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Baker RB. Seat belt injury masquerading as sexual abuse. Pediatrics 1986; 77:435. [PMID: 3951927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Baker RB. Treatment of febrile infants. Am J Dis Child 1984; 138:1088. [PMID: 6496431 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1984.02140490088035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Baker RB. Actinomycosis. J Med Soc N J 1984; 81:995. [PMID: 6595413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Baker RB. Constipation and the geriatric patient. Nurs Care 1975; 8:21. [PMID: 1042727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Baker RB. Poisonous plants where you least expect them. Nurs Care 1975; 8:22-5. [PMID: 1039639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Baker RB, Baker BH. Bottle warming? Why bother. Bedside Nurse 1971; 4:28-9. [PMID: 5206980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Stabler JR, Johnson EE, Berke MA, Baker RB. The relationship between race and perception of racially related stimuli in preschool children. Child Dev 1969; 40:1233-9. [PMID: 5360393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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