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Barbosa SCM, Pereira VBM, Wong DVT, Santana APM, Lucetti LT, Carvalho LL, Barbosa CRN, Callado RB, Silva CAA, Lopes CDH, Brito GAC, Alencar NMN, Lima-Júnior RCP. Amifostine reduces inflammation and protects against 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis and hyposalivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8251. [PMID: 30810625 PMCID: PMC6393848 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20188251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and dose-limiting side effect of cancer treatment, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiotherapy. The efficacy of the therapeutic measures to prevent OM is limited and disease prevention is not fully observable. Amifostine is a cytoprotective agent with a described anti-inflammatory potential. It is clinically used to reduce radiotherapy and chemotherapy-associated xerostomia. This study investigated the protective effect of amifostine on an experimental model of OM. Hamsters were divided into six groups: saline control group (5 mL/kg), mechanical trauma (scratches) of the right cheek pouch; 5-FU (60 and 40 mg/kg, ip, respectively, administered on days 1 and 2); amifostine (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg) + 5-FU + scratches. Salivation rate was assessed and the animals were euthanized on day 10 for the analysis of macroscopic and microscopic injury by scores. Tissue samples were harvested for the measurement of neutrophil infiltration and detection of inflammatory markers by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. 5-FU induced pronounced hyposalivation, which was prevented by amifostine (P<0.05). In addition, 5-FU injection caused pronounced tissue injury accompanied by increased neutrophil accumulation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) tissue levels, and positive immunostaining for TNF-α, IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Interestingly, amifostine prevented the inflammatory reaction and consequently improved macroscopic and microscopic damage (P<0.05 vs 5-FU group). Amifostine reduced inflammation and protected against 5-FU-associated oral mucositis and hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C M Barbosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - V B M Pereira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - D V T Wong
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - A P M Santana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - L T Lucetti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - L L Carvalho
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - C R N Barbosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - R B Callado
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - C A A Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - C D H Lopes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - G A C Brito
- Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - N M N Alencar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - R C P Lima-Júnior
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
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Pereira LMS, Lima-Júnior RCP, Bem AXC, Teixeira CG, Grassi LS, Medeiros RP, Marques-Neto RD, Callado RB, Aragão KS, Wong DVT, Vale ML, Brito GAC, Ribeiro RA. Blockade of TRPA1 with HC-030031 attenuates visceral nociception by a mechanism independent of inflammatory resident cells, nitric oxide and the opioid system. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:223-33. [PMID: 22689151 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown a somatic nociceptive response due to the activation of transient receptor potential A1 channels (TRPA1), which is modulated by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. However, a few studies report the role of TRPA1 in visceral pain. Therefore, we investigated the participation of TRPA1 in visceral nociception and the involvement of nitric oxide, the opioid system and resident cells in the modulation of these channels. METHODS Mice were treated with vehicle or HC-030031 (18.75-300 mg/kg) before ifosfamide (400 mg/kg), 0.75% mustard oil (50 μL/colon), acetic acid 0.6% (10 mL/kg), zymosan (1 mg/cavity) or misoprostol (1 μg/cavity) injection. Visceral nociception was assessed through the electronic von Frey test or the writhing response. Ifosfamide-administered mice were euthanized for bladder analysis. The involvement of nitric oxide and the opioid system were investigated in mice injected with ifosfamide and mustard oil, respectively. The participation of resident peritoneal cells in acetic acid-, zymosan- or misoprostol-induced nociception was also evaluated. RESULTS HC-030031 failed to protect animals against ifosfamide-induced bladder injury (p > 0.05). However, a marked antinociceptive effect against ifosfamide, mustard oil, acetic acid, zymosan and misoprostol was observed (p < 0.05). Neither L-arginine (600 mg/kg) nor naloxone (2 mg/kg) could reverse the antinociceptive effect of HC-030031. The reduction of the peritoneal cell population inhibited the acetic acid and zymosan-related writhes without interfering with the misoprostol effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the blockade of TRPA1 attenuates visceral nociception by a mechanism independent of the modulation of resident cells, nitric oxide and opioid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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