Progesterone-responsive vaginal leiomyoma and hyperprogesteronemia due to ovarian luteoma in an older bitch

Background

This is the first report about a vaginal leiomyoma concomitant with an ovarian luteoma in a bitch.

Case presentation

A 11-year-old intact female Labrador retriever was referred because of anuria, constipation and protrusion of a vaginal mass through the vulvar commissure. The bitch had high serum progesterone concentration (4.94 ng/ml). Because of the possibility of progesterone responsiveness causing further increase of the vaginal mass and since the bitch was a poor surgical candidate a 10 mg/kg aglepristone treatment was started SC on referral day 1. A computerized tomography showed a 12.7 × 6.5 × 8.3 cm mass causing urethral and rectal compression, ureteral dilation and hydronephrosis. A vaginal leiomyoma was diagnosed on histology. As serum progesterone concentration kept increasing despite aglepristone treatment, a 0.02 ng/mL twice daily IM alfaprostol treatment was started on day 18. As neither treatment showed remission of clinical signs or luteolysis, ovariohysterectomy was performed on referral day 35. Multiple corpora lutea were found on both ovaries. On histology a luteoma was diagnosed on the left ovary. P4 levels were undetectable 7 days after surgery. Recovery was uneventful and 12 weeks after surgery tomography showed a reduction of 86.7% of the vaginal mass. The bitch has been in good health and able to urinate without any complication ever since.

Conclusions

This case demonstrates the importance of identifying progesterone related conditions as well as the importance of judiciously using a combined medical and surgical approach.

Response to Alpha-Interferon Treatment of the Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia type I in Two Sicilian Beta Thalassemia Carriers

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I (CDAI) is an autosomal recessive inherited haematological disorder associated with moderate-to-severe anemia characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis with distinct morphological abnormalities in erythroid precursors. We present two case of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I in two Sicilian patients heterozygous for β⁰ 39 globin gene cod 39 C > T with marked bone marrow abnormalities, responding to treatment with alpha interferon. The diagnosis was established using routine haematological and biochemical test, light and electron microscopy; molecular analysis of the CDAN1 gene associated to the CDAI disease was performed. The response to the treatment was monitored using the hemoglobin levels, the red cell count, the reticulocyte count and the transfusional requirement. This report points out the usefulness of the treatment with interferon alpha in two Sicilian beta thalassemia carriers, in which the therapy was well tolerated without producing any side effects; in these patients the transfusion requirements after the initiation of interferon therapy decreased.

An integrated analysis of micro- and macro-habitat features as a tool to detect weather-driven constraints: A case study with cavity nesters

The effects of climate change on animal populations may be shaped by habitat characteristics at both micro- and macro-habitat level, however, empirical studies integrating these two scales of observation are lacking. As analyses of the effects of climate change commonly rely on data from a much larger scale than the microhabitat level organisms are affected at, this mismatch risks hampering progress in developing understanding of the details of the ecological and evolutionary responses of organisms and, ultimately, effective actions to preserve their populations. Cavity nesters, often with a conservation status of concern, are an ideal model because the cavity is a microenvironment potentially different from the macroenvironment but nonetheless inevitably interacting with it. The lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) is a cavity nester which was until recently classified by as Vulnerable species. Since 2004, for nine years, we collected detailed biotic and abiotic data at both micro- and macro-scales of observation in a kestrel population breeding in the Gela Plain (Italy), a Mediterranean area where high temperatures may reach lethal values for the nest content. We show that macroclimatic features needed to be integrated with both abiotic and biotic factors recorded at a microscale before reliably predicting nest temperatures. Among the nest types used by lesser kestrels, we detected a preferential occupation of the cooler nest types, roof tiles, by early breeders whereas, paradoxically, late breeders nesting with hotter temperatures occupied the overheated nest holes. Not consistent with such a suggested nest selection, the coolest nest type did not host a higher reproductive success than the overheated nests. We discussed our findings in the light of cavity temperatures and nest types deployed within conservation actions assessed by integrating selected factors at different observation scales.

Co-heredity of silent CAP + 1570 T>C (HBB:c*96T>C) defect and severe β-thal mutation: a cause of mild β-thalassemia intermedia

INTRODUCTION

During an intensive screening program aimed at identifying the healthy carriers of thalassemia and the couples at risk of bearing an affected fetus, a rare single nucleotide variation (SNV), CAP + 1570 T > C (HBB:c*96T > C), located 12 nucleotides upstream of the polyadenylation signal in 3'UTR of the beta globin gene was identified. It was previously reported as a β+ thalassemia mutation and later as a plain polymorphism.

METHODS

Genotype identification of globin gene mutations was carried out using sequencing analysis, GAP-PCR, and MLPA methods.

RESULTS

CAP + 1570 T > C (HBB:c*96T > C) was found in 39 heterozygotes, in one case in homozygous state and in thirteen cases of co-inheritance of this nucleotide substitution with other mutations in globin genes. Carriers of this mutation showed a 'silent' phenotype without appreciable microcytosis and hypochromia, so they cannot be differentiated from noncarrier individuals. Compound heterozygotes for this mutation and severe β-thal mutations showed a variable phenotype ranging from β-thal carrier to mild form of β-thalassemia intermedia, revealing new aspects and allowing to better understand the clinical implications of this nucleotide substitution that can be classified as a silent β-thalassemic defect.

CONCLUSION

Data reported in this study indicate the need of investigating partner of β-thalassemia carrier by complete sequencing analysis of β-globin gene and of providing an appropriate genetic counseling for couples at risk undergoing prenatal diagnosis.