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Manjarin R, Columbus D, Suryawan A, Fiorotto M, Davis T. 12 Effect of long-term leucine supplementation on muscle protein synthesis in a pig model of neonatal growth. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Manjarin
- California Polytechnic State University,San Luis Obispo, CA, United States
| | - D Columbus
- Praire Swine Centre Inc./ University of Saskatchewan, Animal and Poultry Science,Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - A Suryawan
- Baylor College of Medicine,Houston, TX, United States
| | - M Fiorotto
- Baylor College of Medicine,Houston, TX, United States
| | - T Davis
- Baylor College of Medicine,Houston, TX, United States
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Manjarin R, Ngula J, Martinez-Pastor F, Alegre B, Brown T, Piñan J, Kirkwood RN, de Tejerina JCD. 110 Fertility Response of Sows Receiving Oxytocin, Lecirelin and Caffeine in Semen. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Manjarin
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - J Ngula
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, Leon, Spain
| | | | - B Alegre
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - T Brown
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - J Piñan
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - R N Kirkwood
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - J C D de Tejerina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, Leon, Spain
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Hershorin SA, Manjarin R, Emond AM, Id-Lahoucine S, Fonseca P, Massender E, Livernois A, Canovas A. 479 Determining Effects of Residual Feed Intake on Economically Important Production Traits in Crossbreed Beef Cattle. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S A Hershorin
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - R Manjarin
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - A M Emond
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - S Id-Lahoucine
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - P Fonseca
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - E Massender
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Livernois
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Canovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Emond AM, Canovas A, Massender E, Hershorin SA, Livernois A, Kennedy D, Manjarin R. 488 Studying the Potential Effects of an Indicator of Haemonchus Contortus Resistance on Production Traits in Rideau Arcott Sheep. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A M Emond
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - A Canovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - E Massender
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - S A Hershorin
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - A Livernois
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - D Kennedy
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - R Manjarin
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
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Macedo C, Escobar C, Crespo-Félez I, Manjarin R, Kirkwood RN, de Tejerina JCD, Gonzalez-Montaña R, Martinez-Pastor F. 478 Effect of Melatonin Implants on Semen Quality of Assaf Rams during Long-Day Photoperiod. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Macedo
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - C Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, Leon, Spain
- INDEGSAL, University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - I Crespo-Félez
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, Leon, Spain
- Molecular Biology Department, University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - R Manjarin
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - R N Kirkwood
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - J C D de Tejerina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, Leon, Spain
- INDEGSAL, University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - R Gonzalez-Montaña
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, Leon, Spain
- INDEGSAL, University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - F Martinez-Pastor
- INDEGSAL, University of León, Leon, Spain
- Molecular Biology Department, University of León, Leon, Spain
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Coffin MJ, Manjarin R, Mumm JM, Bortoluzzi EM, Ruiz LA, Tommerdahl M, Holden JK, Walilko T, Zai L, Hulbert LE. 477 Side-Bias and Time-of-Day Influenced Cognition after Minipigs Were Conditioned Using a Novel Tactile Stimulation Device. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M J Coffin
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - R Manjarin
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - J M Mumm
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - L A Ruiz
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - M Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - T Walilko
- Applied research associates, Inc., Littleton, CO
| | - L Zai
- Lucent research, LLC, Parker, CO
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Brown T, Ngula J, Alegre B, Hernandez G, Kirkwood RN, Manjarin R, de Tejerina JCD. 384 Influence of seminal additives on sow fertility. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Montano YA, Manjarin R, Petrovski K, Kirkwood RN. 388 Piglet creching decreases protein content in colostrum. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hernandez GV, Manjarin R, Luo Y, Schmitz AN, VandeVord PJ, Fievisohn EM, Hulbert LE. 393 A commercially available activity monitor attached to the ear tag detects swine oral–nasal–facial behaviors. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Smith VA, Manjarin R, Jimenez-Flores R. 0218 Optimization of probes and PCR conditions for the correlation between 4 genes and production of high citrate in milk. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rowson-Hodel AR, Manjarin R, Trott JF, Cardiff RD, Borowsky AD, Hovey RC. Neoplastic transformation of porcine mammary epithelial cells in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:562. [PMID: 26228788 PMCID: PMC4520266 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammary glands of pigs share many functional and morphological similarities with the breasts of humans, raising the potential of their utility for research into the mechanisms underlying normal mammary function and breast carcinogenesis. Here we sought to establish a model for the efficient manipulation and transformation of porcine mammary epithelial cells (pMEC) in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. METHODS We utilized a vector encoding the red florescent protein tdTomato to transduce populations of pMEC from Yorkshire -Hampshire crossbred female pigs in vitro and in vivo. Populations of primary pMEC were then separated by FACS using markers to distinguish epithelial cells (CD140a-) from stromal cells (CD140a+), with or without further enrichment for basal and luminal progenitor cells (CD49f+). These separated pMEC populations were transduced by lentivirus encoding murine polyomavirus T antigens (Tag) and tdTomato and engrafted to orthotopic or ectopic sites in immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdc (scid) Il2rg (tm1Wjl) /SzJ (NSG) mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that lentivirus effectively transduces pMEC in vitro and in vivo. We further established that lentivirus can be used for oncogenic-transformation of pMEC ex vivo for generating mammary tumors in vivo. Oncogenic transformation was confirmed in vitro by anchorage-independent growth, increased cell proliferation, and expression of CDKN2A, cyclin A2 and p53 alongside decreased phosphorylation of Rb. Moreover, Tag-transformed CD140a- and CD140a-CD49f + pMECs developed site-specific tumors of differing histopathologies in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Herein we establish a model for the transduction and oncogenic transformation of pMEC. This is the first report describing a porcine model of mammary epithelial cell tumorigenesis that can be applied to the study of human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Rowson-Hodel
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - R Manjarin
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Present Address: USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - J F Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - R D Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - A D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - R C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Hidalgo DM, Friendship RM, Greiner L, Manjarin R, Amezcua MR, Dominguez JC, Kirkwood RN. Influence of lactation length and gonadotrophins administered at weaning on fertility of primiparous sows. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:245-8. [PMID: 25064560 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lactation length and treatment with gonadotrophins at weaning on reproductive performance of primiparous sows. After 3 wk of lactation, primiparous sows were either weaned (W3; n=273) or received a 7-d-old foster litter for a further 14 d of suckling (W5; n=199). At final weaning (3 wk or 5 wk lactation) sows were randomly assigned to receive an injection of 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin plus 200 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (PG600(®); W3 + P; n=108 and W5 + P; n=96) or no injection (W3; n=165 and W5; n=103). Sows were inseminated at first observed estrus after final weaning and 24h later. The proportion of sows showing estrus by 6 d post-weaning was greater (P<0.01) for W3+P (86%) compared to W3 (64%), however, there was not a difference (P=0.13) for W5 + P (79.4%) compared to W5 (69.1%). There was no effect of either lactation length or gonadotrophin treatment on farrowing rates or on the proportion of sows culled before breeding. Total born litter size was smaller (P=0.05) for W3 + P (11.7 ± 0.4) compared to W3 (12.6 ± 0.3). However, sows that lactated for 35 d had larger litters than sows that lactated for 21 d regardless of gonadotrophin treatment (14 ± 0.5 and 14.5 ± 0.4 for W5+P and W5, respectively; P<0.001). These data indicate that for primiparous sows, a longer lactation improves total born litter size at their next farrowing. Gonadotrophin treatment is useful in shortening the weaning to estrus interval but subsequent total born litter size may be negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Spain
| | - R M Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - L Greiner
- Carthage Innovative Swine Solutions, LLC, Carthage, IL, USA
| | - R Manjarin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Spain
| | - M R Amezcua
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J C Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Spain
| | - R N Kirkwood
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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Vanklompenberg MK, Manjarin R, Trott JF, McMicking HF, Hovey RC. Late gestational hyperprolactinemia accelerates mammary epithelial cell differentiation that leads to increased milk yield. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1102-11. [PMID: 23296835 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth rate of piglets is limited by sow milk yield, which reflects the extent of epithelial growth and differentiation in the mammary glands (MG) during pregnancy. Prolactin (PRL) promotes both the growth and differentiation of the mammary epithelium, where the lactational success of pigs is absolutely dependent on PRL exposure during late gestation. We hypothesized that inducing hyperprolactinemia in primiparous gilts during late gestation by administering the dopamine antagonist domperidone (DOM) would increase MG epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, subsequent milk yield, and piglet growth. A total of 19 Yorkshire-Hampshire gilts were assigned to receive either no treatment (CON, n = 9) or DOM (n = 10) twice daily from gestation d 90 to 110. Serial blood sampling during the treatment period and subsequent lactation confirmed that plasma PRL concentrations were increased in DOM gilts on gestation d 91 and 96 (P < 0.001). Piglets reared by DOM-treated gilts gained 21% more BW during lactation than controls (P = 0.03) because of increased milk production by these same gilts on d 14 (24%, P = 0.02) and 21 (32%, P < 0.001) of lactation. Milk composition did not differ between the 2 groups on d 1 or 20 of lactation. Alveolar volume within the MG of DOM-treated gilts was increased during the treatment period (P < 0.001), whereas epithelial proliferation was unaffected by treatment. Exposure to DOM during late gestation augmented the postpartum increase in mRNA expression within the MG for β-casein (P < 0.03), acetyl CoA carboxylase-α (P < 0.01), lipoprotein lipase (P < 0.06), α-lactalbumin (P < 0.08), and glucose transporter 1 (P < 0.06). These findings demonstrate that late gestational hyperprolactinemia enhances lactogenesis within the porcine MG and increases milk production in the subsequent lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Vanklompenberg
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Manjarin R, Zamora V, Wu G, Steibel JP, Kirkwood RN, Taylor NP, Wils-Plotz E, Trifilo K, Trottier NL. Effect of amino acids supply in reduced crude protein diets on performance, efficiency of mammary uptake, and transporter gene expression in lactating sows. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3088-100. [PMID: 22585816 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that reduction in dietary CP concentration coupled with crystalline AA inclusion increases the efficiency of AA use for milk production, mammary AA arteriovenous concentration differences (A-V), AA transport efficiency (A-V/A × 100), and transcript abundance of AA transporters and milk protein genes were determined in lactating sows fed 1 of 3 diets containing 9.5% (Deficient), 13.5% (Ideal), or 17.5% (Standard) CP, with a similar profile of indispensable and dispensable AA. On d 7 and 18, arterial and mammary venous blood and mammary tissue were sampled postfeeding. Transcript abundance of AA transporters b(0,+)AT (SLC7A9), y(+)LAT2 (SLC7A6), ATB(0,+) (SLC6A14), CAT-1 (SLC7A1), and CAT-2b (SLC7A2) and milk protein β-casein (CSN2) and LALBA (α-lactalbumin) were determined using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Piglet ADG increased curvilinearly (linear and quadratic, P < 0.03) with increasing percent CP from Deficient to Standard. On d 7, Lys and Arg A-V and transport efficiency increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with increasing percent CP. On d 18, Lys A-V tended to increase (linear, P = 0.08) with increasing percent CP. Increasing CP increased Ile and Val A-V on d 7 (linear, P = 0.05 and P = 0.08, respectively) and Leu and Val on d 18 (linear, P = 0.07 and P = 0.04, respectively). On d 7, plasma concentrations of branched chain AA (BCAA):Lys decreased quadratically (P < 0.05). Expression of genes SLC7A9, SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC7A1, SLC7A2, CSN2, and LALBA was unaffected by diet. In conclusion, decreasing the dietary CP from 17.5% to 13.5% with inclusion of crystalline AA did not affect piglet ADG, AA transporter, or milk protein gene expression but increased mammary transport efficiency and A-V of Lys and Arg on d 7 of lactation. This increase was associated with a decrease in plasma concentration of BCAA:Lys, suggesting a competitive mechanism between cationic and BCAA for transport of AA across mammary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjarin
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
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Trott JF, Schennink A, Petrie WK, Manjarin R, VanKlompenberg MK, Hovey RC. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Prolactin: The multifaceted potentiator of mammary growth and function1,2. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:1674-86. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - A. Schennink
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - W. K. Petrie
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - R. Manjarin
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | | | - R. C. Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
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Manjarin R, Trottier NL, Weber PS, Liesman JS, Taylor NP, Steibel JP. A simple analytical and experimental procedure for selection of reference genes for reverse-transcription quantitative PCR normalization data. J Dairy Sci 2012; 94:4950-61. [PMID: 21943746 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Variation in cellular activity in a tissue induces changes in RNA concentration, which affects the validity of gene mRNA abundance analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A common way of accounting for such variation consists of the use of reference genes for normalization. Programs such as geNorm may be used to select suitable reference genes, although a large set of genes that are not co-regulated must be analyzed to obtain accurate results. The objective of this study was to propose an alternative experimental and analytical protocol to assess the invariance of reference genes in porcine mammary tissue using mammary RNA and DNA concentrations as correction factors. Mammary glands were biopsied from 4 sows on d 110 of gestation (prepartum), on d 5 (early) and 17 (peak) of lactation, and on d 5 after weaning (postweaning). Relative expression of 7 potential reference genes, API5, MRPL39, VAPB, ACTB, GAPDH, RPS23, and MTG1, and one candidate gene, SLC7A1, was quantified by RT-qPCR using a relative standard curve approach. Variation in gene expression levels, measured as cycles to threshold at each stage of mammary physiological activity, was tested using a linear mixed model fitting RNA and DNA concentrations as covariates. Results were compared with those obtained with geNorm analysis, and genes selected by each method were used to normalize SLC7A1. Quantified relative mRNA abundance of GAPDH and MRPL39 remained unchanged across stages of mammary physiological activity after accounting for changes in tissue RNA and DNA concentration. In contrast, geNorm analysis selected MTG1, MRPL39, and VAPB as the best reference genes. However, when target gene SLC7A1 was normalized with genes selected either based on our proposed protocol or by geNorm, fold changes in mRNA abundance did not differ. In conclusion, the proposed analytical protocol assesses expression invariance of potential reference genes by accounting for variation in tissue RNA and DNA concentrations and thus represents an alternative method to select suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjarin
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
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Manjarin R, Steibel J, Zamora V, Am-in N, Kirkwood R, Ernst C, Weber P, Taylor N, Trottier N. Transcript abundance of amino acid transporters, β-casein, and α-lactalbumin in mammary tissue of periparturient, lactating, and postweaned sows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3467-76. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Buckley A, Taylor N, Manjarin R, Schott H, Woodward A, Trottier N. Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction Down-regulates mRNA Abundance of Genes Encoding GLUT4 and Insulin Receptor in the Small Intestinal Mucosa of the Horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Manjarin R, Garcia JC, Dominguez JC, Castro MJ, Alegre B, Munoz JD, Kirkwood RN. Effect of gonadotropin treatment on estrus, ovulation, and litter size in weaned and anestrous sows. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2356-60. [PMID: 20382880 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the first of 2 experiments, we evaluated the effects on anestrous sows of pretreatment with FSH to stimulate the growth of small follicles, followed by eCG to stimulate the growth of medium follicles, estrus, and ovulation. In Exp. 2, we examined the effect of sows receiving 400 IU of eCG plus 200 IU of hCG (PG 600, Intervet/Schering Plough Animal Health, Boxmeer, the Netherlands) at weaning and then different doses and timing of supplemental hCG. In Exp. 1, a total of 87 multiparous Hypor sows deemed anestrus 7 d after weaning were assigned to intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 1) PG 600, 2) eCG (600 IU), 3) pretreatment with 87.5 IU of FSH on d 7 and 8 plus eCG on d 9, or were 4) noninjected controls. Sows had daily boar contact for 15 d after weaning for estrus detection. Blood samples were obtained on d 9 and 19 and assayed for progesterone to determine ovulation status. The weaning-to-estrus interval, number of sows in estrus and ovulating, farrowing rate, and litter size were not different (P > 0.1) in treated groups compared with controls. In Exp. 2, a total of 247 Hypor sows were assigned at weaning by parity (1 and 2 or > or = 3) to receive 1) an i.m. injection of PG 600, 2) PG 600 supplemented with 100 IU of hCG injected either concurrently or after 24 h, 3) 200 IU of hCG after 24 h, or 4) no injection (controls). Sows were exposed to boars daily for 7 d. After treatment of parity 1 and 2 sows, all gonadotropin-treated groups had an increased (P < 0.05) number of sows in estrus compared with the control group; weaning-to-estrus interval, farrowing rates, and litter size were unaffected (P > 0.1). After treatment of parity > or = 3 sows, there was no treatment effect on the estrous response and weaning-to-estrus interval; compared with control and PG 600-treated sows, farrowing rate was decreased (P < 0.05) for sows receiving 200 IU of hCG after 24 h. There was no effect (P > 0.1) of treatment on litter size. We conclude that gonadotropins can be used to increase estrus response in weaned sows, but that hCG treatment subsequent to PG 600 may be detrimental to sow fertility in parity > or = 3 sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjarin
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Manjarin R, Cassar G, Sprecher DJ, Friendship RM, Dominguez JC, Kirkwood RN. Effect of eCG or eCG Plus hCG on Oestrus Expression and Ovulation in Prepubertal Gilts. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44:411-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Manjarin R, Dominguez JC, Castro MJ, Alegre B, Driancourt MA, Kirkwood RN. Effect of hCG on early luteal serum progesterone concentrations in PG600-treated gilts. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 45:555-7. [PMID: 19032425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gilt oestrus and ovulation responses to injection of a combination of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (PG600) can be unpredictable, possibly reflecting inadequate circulating LH activity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of PG600 followed by supplemental hCG on gilt ovarian responses. In experiment 1, 212 Hypor gilts (160 day of age) housed on two farms in Spain received intramuscular (i.m.) injections of PG600 (n = 47), or PG600 with an additional 200 IU hCG injected either concurrently (hCG-0; n = 39), or at 24 h (hCG-24; n = 41) or 48 h (hCG-48; n = 45) after PG600. A further 40 gilts served as non-injected controls. Ovulation responses were determined on the basis of initial blood progesterone concentrations being <1 ng/ml and achieving >5 ng / ml 10 d after the PG600 injection. The incidence of ovulating gilts having progesterone concentrations >30 ng/ml were recorded. During the study period, 10% of control gilts ovulated whereas 85-100% of hormone-treated gilts ovulated. There were no significant differences among hormone groups for proportions of gilts ovulating. The proportions of gilts having circulating progesterone concentrations >30 ng/ml were increased (p < or = 0.02) in all hCG treated groups compared with the PG600 group. In experiment 2, a total of 76 Hypor gilts at either 150 or 200 days of age were injected with PG600 (n = 18), 400 IU eCG followed by 200 IU hCG 24 h later (n = 20), PG600 followed by 100 IU hCG 24 h later (n = 17), or 400 IU eCG followed by 300 IU hCG 24 h later (n = 21). Blood samples were obtained 10 days later for progesterone assay. There were no effects of treatment or age on incidence of ovulation, but fewer 150-day-old gilts treated with PG600 or 400 IU eCG followed by 200 IU hCG had progesterone concentrations >30 ng / ml. We conclude that hCG treatment subsequent to PG600 treatment will generate a higher circulating progesterone concentration, although the effect is not evident in older, presumably peripubertal, gilts. The mechanism involved and implications for fertility remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjarin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Manjarin R, Dominguez JC, Castro MJ, Sprecher DJ, Cassar G, Friendship RM, Kirkwood RN. Effect of hCG treatment on the oestrous and ovulation responses to FSH in prepubertal gilts. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 44:432-4. [PMID: 19000224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To ensure sufficient numbers of pregnant females, particularly at hotter times of the year, hormonal induction of gilt oestrus may be necessary. However, the gilt oestrus and ovulation responses to gonadotrophin treatment have often proven unpredictable. The objective of this study was to examine possible reasons for this unpredictability. Prepubertal gilts (approximately 150 days of age, n = 63) were assigned to one of three treatments: injection of 300 IU hCG (n = 15); pre-treatment with 100 mg FSH in polyvinylpyrrolidinone administered as 2 x 50 mg injections 24 h apart, followed by 600 IU eCG at 24 h after the second FSH injection (n = 23); or FSH pre-treatment as above followed by 300 IU hCG at 24 h after the second FSH injection (n = 25). To facilitate oestrus detection, gilts were exposed to a mature boar for 15 min daily for 7 days. Blood samples were obtained on the day of eCG or hCG injection and again 10 days later and gilt ovulation responses determined based on elevated progesterone concentrations. The oestrus responses by 7 days were 6.7%, 17.5% and 64.0% for gilts treated with hCG, FSH + eCG and FSH + hCG, respectively (p < 0.001). The oestrous gilt receiving hCG alone and one oestrous FSH + hCG gilt did not ovulate, all other oestrous gilts ovulated. A further two anoestrous FSH + eCG-treated gilts ovulated. These data suggest that FSH pre-treatment facilitated the development of ovarian follicles to the point where they became responsive to hCG, but had little effect on the response to eCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjarin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Manjarin R, Dominguez JC, Castro MJ, Vallado B, Rodriguez S, Sprecher DJ, Cassar G, Friendship RM, Kirkwood RN. Effect of prior FSH treatment on the estrus and ovulation responses to eCG in prepubertal gilts. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 110:123-7. [PMID: 18282669 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pre-treatment of prepubertal gilts with FSH on the estrus and ovulatory responses to eCG injection at two ages. A total of 149 prepubertal Hypor gilts were selected at 150 days (n=76) or 180 days (n=73) of age and assigned to injection of 400 IU eCG plus 200 IU hCG (PG600), 600IU eCG alone (Folligon), pre-treatment with 72 mg FSH (Folltropin) administered as 6 x 12 mg injections at 12 h intervals with 600 IU Folligon 12h after last FSH injection, or non-injected controls. To facilitate detection of estrus, gilts were exposed to a mature boar for 15 min daily for 7 days. To determine ovulatory responses, blood samples were obtained on the day of injection and 10 days later and assayed for progesterone content. Following treatment at 150 days, one control gilt (5.3%) was deemed estrus but ovulation did not occur. Compared to treatment with Folligon alone, PG600 injection tended (P=0.1) to increase the estrus response (52.6% compared with. 26.3%) and increased (P<0.01) the ovulatory response (89.5% compared with. 47.4%). The estrous response in gilts pretreated with Folltropin was intermediate (42.1%) but the ovulatory response (47.4%) was the same as for Folligon alone. Following treatment at 180 days, two control gilts (10.5%) were deemed estrus and ovulation did occur in these gilts. There was no difference between hormone-treated groups for estrus or ovulatory responses, although the ovulatory response of PG600-treated gilts tended (P=0.1) to be greater than for the Folligon-treated group (89.5% compared with 66.7%), with Folltropin-pretreated gilts being intermediate (76.5%). These data demonstrate that the estrus and ovulatory responses of gilts were greater for PG600 than for Folligon and that while responses to PG600 were not affected by gilt age, for the combined Folligon groups, estrous response (P<0.02) and ovulatory response (P<0.05) improved with increased gilt age.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjarin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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