Transcriptional Profiles Reveal Deregulation of Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Pathways in Neurons Exposed to Palmitic Acid

The effects of the consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) have been studied to unravel the molecular pathways they are altering in order to understand the link between increased caloric intake, metabolic diseases, and the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), is the main component of HFD and it has been found increased in the circulation of obese and diabetic people. In the central nervous system, PA has been associated with inflammatory responses in astrocytes, but the effects on neurons exposed to it have not been largely investigated. Given that PA affects a variety of metabolic pathways, we aimed to analyze the transcriptomic profile activated by this fatty acid to shed light on the mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. In the current study, we profiled the transcriptome response after PA exposition at non-toxic doses in primary hippocampal neurons. Gene ontology and Reactome pathway analysis revealed a pattern of gene expression which is associated with inflammatory pathways, and importantly, with the activation of lipid metabolism that is considered not very active in neurons. Validation by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) of Hmgcs2, Angptl4, Ugt8, and Rnf145 support the results obtained by RNAseq. Overall, these findings suggest that neurons are able to respond to saturated fatty acids changing the expression pattern of genes associated with inflammatory response and lipid utilization that may be involved in the neuronal damage associated with metabolic diseases.

Population and breast cancer patients' analysis reveals the diversity of genomic variation of the BRCA genes in the Mexican population

Interpretation of variants of unknown significance (VUS) in genetic tests is complicated in ethnically diverse populations, given the lack of information regarding the common spectrum of genetic variation in clinically relevant genes. Public availability of data obtained from high-throughput genotyping and/or exome massive parallel sequencing (MPS)-based projects from several thousands of outbred samples might become useful tools to evaluate the pathogenicity of a VUS, based on its frequency in different populations. In the case of the Mexican and other Latino populations, several thousands of samples have been genotyped or sequenced during the last few years as part of different efforts to identify common variants associated to common diseases. In this report, we analyzed Mexican population data from a sample of 3985 outbred individuals, and additional 66 hereditary breast cancer patients were analyzed in order to better define the spectrum of common genomic variation of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Our analyses identified the most common genetic variants in these clinically relevant genes as well as the presence and frequency of specific pathogenic mutations present in the Mexican population. Analysis of the 3985 population samples by MPS identified three pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, only one population sample showed a BRCA1 exon 16-17 deletion by MLPA. This resulted in a basal prevalence of deleterious mutations of 0.10% (1:996) for BRCA1 and 11 pathogenic mutations in BRCA2, resulting in a basal prevalence of deleterious mutations of 0.276% (1:362) for BRCA2, combined of 0.376% (1:265). Separate analysis of the breast cancer patients identified the presence of pathogenic mutations in 18% (12 pathogenic mutations in 66 patients) of the samples by MPS and 13 additional alterations by MLPA. These results will support a better interpretation of clinical studies focused on the detection of BRCA mutations in Mexican and Latino populations and will help to define the general prevalence of deleterious mutations within these populations.

Abstract P6-09-18: Predictive factors of pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Luminal HER2(-) local advanced breast cancer using the DMET microarray

Introduction

Patients with similar local advanced breast cancer (LABC) could respond different to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC). Luminal HER2(-) tumors have pathologic complete response (pCR) by 5-7%. Ki67, tumor grade and hormonal receptors, could be helpful but not enough to choice between NC vs. initial surgery. Response to drugs depends on enzymes involved in absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME); the drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter platform (DMET), could identify 1936 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from 225 genes involved in ADME proccess.

Objective

To identify predictive factors to pCR in patients with Luminal HER2(-) LABC underwent NC, to distinguish wish patients could have a real benefit from NC.

Material and Methods

This is a prospective nested case control study (1:4) with LABC patients, pure invasive ductal carcinoma Luminal HER2(-) subtypes, and sequential NC (anthracyclines and taxanes). Cases were defined as patients with pCR (Residual Cancer Burden=0), and controls those without pCR. SNPs were evaluated from DNA of leucocytes using DMET microarrays by Affymetrix.

Bivariate analyses were used as appropriate. Microarrays were processed by the DMET analyzer console. OR and 95%CI were used to test association between pCR and variables with a non-conditional logistic regression analysis; p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant (two-sided).

Results

From 2005 to 2014, of 3762 treated patients, 287 women met inclusion criteria. We included 117 patients, 21 cases and 96 controls. Patients with pCR were 5 years younger than controls (45.4 vs 49.4), have more grade-3 tumors, (66.7 vs 22.3%), more Luminal B subtypes (90.5 vs 64.6%), lower expression of estrogen receptor (60 vs 80%) and higher Ki67 expression (65 vs 12%), all with p≤0.05. No differences in toxicity existed between groups.

In an initial screening procedure, 13 SNPs were identified, but only 4 SNPs (4 genes) are known to participate in ADME of antineoplastic agents. All pCR cases did not have the C/C allelic variant in the rs2072671 SNP (CDA gene); while in rs1883322 SNP (PPARD gene) all had T/T variant

SNPs identified in DMET microarray known to participate with antineoplastic agentsGENESNPAllelic variantpCR, n=21No pCR, n=96pDPYDrs17376848T/T13 (61.9%)83 (86.4%)0.007  C/T8 (38.1%)11 (11.4%) CDArs2072671A/A6 (28.5%)51 (53.1%)0.013  A/C15 (71.4%)36 (37.5%)   C/C09 (9.3%) PPARDrs1883322T/T21 (100%)69 (71.8%)0.022  C/T022 (22.9%)   C/C05 (5.2%) GSTM3rs7483A/A7 (33.3%)20 (20.8%)0.024  A/G13 (61.9%)43 (44.7%)   G/G1 (4.7%)33 (34.3%) pCR= pathologic complete response

After logistic regression analysis, pCR predictive factors were the presence of grade-3 tumors OR=6.66 (95%CI=1.67-26.56), Ki67 ≥14% OR=15.45 (95%CI=1.71–138.86), premenopausal status OR=6.540 (95%CI=1.50–28.38) and A/A or A/G allele in rs7483 SNP (GSTM3 gene) OR=19.16 (95%CI=1.97–185.93).

Conclusions

Genetic variability encoded in the DMET-chip, could be helpful as a predictive factor of pCR in patients with Luminal HER2(-) LABC, but only in combination with other factors such as grade-3 tumors, elevated Ki67, and premenopausal status.

Citation Format: Ruvalcaba-Limon E, Rodriguez-Cuevas S, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Villa-Romero A, Bautista-Piña V, Rebollar-Vega R, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Morales-Vasquez F. Predictive factors of pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Luminal HER2(-) local advanced breast cancer using the DMET microarray [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-18.

Human genome meeting 2016 : Houston, TX, USA. 28 February - 2 March 2016

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Ucar P54 Direct enrichment for the rapid preparation of targeted NGS libraries C. L. Hendrickson, A. Emerman, D. Kraushaar, S. Bowman, N. Henig, T. Davis, S. Russello, K. Patel P56 Performance of the Agilent D5000 and High Sensitivity D5000 ScreenTape assays for the Agilent 4200 Tapestation System R. Nitsche, L. Prieto-Lafuente P57 ClinVar: a multi-source archive for variant interpretation M. Landrum, J. Lee, W. Rubinstein, D. Maglott P59 Association of functional variants and protein physical interactions of human MUTY homolog linked with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome Z. Abduljaleel, W. Khan, F. A. Al-Allaf, M. Athar , M. M. Taher, N. Shahzad P60 Modification of the microbiom constitution in the gut using chicken IgY antibodies resulted in a reduction of acute graft-versus-host disease after experimental bone marrow transplantation A. Bouazzaoui, E. Huber, A. Dan, F. A. Al-Allaf, W. Herr, G. Sprotte, J. Köstler, A. Hiergeist, A. Gessner, R. Andreesen, E. Holler P61 Compound heterozygous mutation in the LDLR gene in Saudi patients suffering severe hypercholesterolemia F. Al-Allaf, A. Alashwal, Z. Abduljaleel, M. Taher, A. Bouazzaoui, H. Abalkhail, A. Al-Allaf, R. Bamardadh, M. Athar