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Mead AJ, Ahluwalia K, Ebright B, Zhang Z, Dave P, Li Z, Zhou E, Naik AA, Ngu R, Chester C, Lu A, Asante I, Pollalis D, Martinez JC, Humayun M, Louie S. Loss of 15-Lipoxygenase in Retinodegenerative RCS Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2309. [PMID: 38396985 PMCID: PMC10889776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a retinal degenerative disease associated with a diversity of genetic mutations. In a natural progression study (NPS) evaluating the molecular changes in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats using lipidomic profiling, RNA sequencing, and gene expression analyses, changes associated with retinal degeneration from p21 to p60 were evaluated, where reductions in retinal ALOX15 expression corresponded with disease progression. This important enzyme catalyzes the formation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) such as lipoxins (LXs), resolvins (RvDs), and docosapentaenoic acid resolvins (DPA RvDs), where reduced ALOX15 corresponded with reduced SPMs. Retinal DPA RvD2 levels were found to correlate with retinal structural and functional decline. Retinal RNA sequencing comparing p21 with p60 showed an upregulation of microglial inflammatory pathways accompanied by impaired damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) clearance pathways. This analysis suggests that ALXR/FPR2 activation can ameliorate disease progression, which was supported by treatment with an LXA4 analog, NAP1051, which was able to promote the upregulation of ALOX12 and ALOX15. This study showed that retinal inflammation from activated microglia and dysregulation of lipid metabolism were central to the pathogenesis of retinal degeneration in RP, where ALXR/FPR2 activation was able to preserve retinal structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew James Mead
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Kabir Ahluwalia
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Brandon Ebright
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Priyal Dave
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Zeyang Li
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Eugene Zhou
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Aditya Anil Naik
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Rachael Ngu
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Catherine Chester
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Angela Lu
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Isaac Asante
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
- University of Southern California Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (D.P.); (J.C.M.); (M.H.)
- University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Dimitrios Pollalis
- University of Southern California Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (D.P.); (J.C.M.); (M.H.)
- University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez
- University of Southern California Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (D.P.); (J.C.M.); (M.H.)
- University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mark Humayun
- University of Southern California Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (D.P.); (J.C.M.); (M.H.)
- University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stan Louie
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (A.J.M.); (K.A.); (B.E.); (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (Z.L.); (E.Z.); (A.A.N.); (R.N.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (I.A.)
- University of Southern California Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (D.P.); (J.C.M.); (M.H.)
- University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Touska P, Oikonomou G, Ngu R, Chandra A, Malhotra A, Fry A, Oakley R, Arora A, Jeannon JP, Simo R. The role of transoral fine needle aspiration in expediting diagnosis and reducing risk in head and neck cancer patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era: a single-institution experience. J Laryngol Otol 2020; 134:1-8. [PMID: 32873344 PMCID: PMC7533497 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120001929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated rapid alterations to diagnostic pathways for head and neck cancer patients that aim to reduce risk to patients (exposure to the hospital environment) and staff (aerosol-generating procedures). Transoral fine needle aspiration cytology offers a low-risk means of rapidly diagnosing patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal lesions. The technique was utilised in selected patients at our institution during the pandemic. The outcomes are considered in this study. METHOD Diagnostic outcomes were retrospectively evaluated for a series of patients undergoing transoral fine needle aspiration cytology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Five patients underwent transoral fine needle aspiration cytology, yielding lesional material in 100 per cent, with cell blocks providing additional information. In one case, excision biopsy of a lymphoproliferative lesion was required for final diagnosis. CONCLUSION Transoral fine needle aspiration cytology can provide rapid diagnosis in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions. Whilst limitations exist (including tolerability and lesion location), the technique offers significant advantages pertinent to the COVID-19 era, and could be employed in the future to obviate diagnostic surgery in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Touska
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Oikonomou
- Department of ENT Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Ngu
- Department of Dental Maxillofacial Imaging, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Chandra
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Malhotra
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Fry
- Department of ENT Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Oakley
- Department of ENT Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Arora
- Department of ENT Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J-P Jeannon
- Department of ENT Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Simo
- Department of ENT Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Agrawal K, Weaver J, Ngu R, Krishnamurthy Mohan H. Clinical significance of patterns of incidental thyroid uptake at (18)F-FDG PET/CT. Clin Radiol 2015; 70:536-43. [PMID: 25687827 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Incidental uptake of 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ((18)F-FDG) in the thyroid gland is not uncommonly encountered in day-to-day practice of oncological (18)F-FDG positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). These are often felt to be "nuisance lesions" by referring clinicians and radiologists alike. However, recognition of the importance of different patterns of FDG uptake in the thyroid gland and knowledge of the possible underlying aetiologies are crucial in ensuring that patients are managed appropriately in the clinical context of their primary diagnosis, as the underlying pathological condition may be clinically important in a significant minority of such cases. This review describes the various patterns of (18)F-FDG uptake within the thyroid and discusses the clinical significance and possible impact on patient management. Incidental low-grade homogeneous diffuse increased thyroid (18)F-FDG uptake is usually seen in the patients with chronic thyroiditis, Grave's disease, and hypothyroidism. Thyroid function tests and antibody profiling are advised in these patients. Incidental focal (18)F-FDG thyroid uptake should raise the possibility of underlying malignancy. Ultrasound with or without fine-needle aspiration cytology is usually recommended for the evaluation of these lesions. Heterogeneous uptake with prominent focal uptake in the thyroid should be further evaluated to exclude malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Agrawal
- Dept of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - J Weaver
- School of medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Ngu
- Department of Dental Maxillofacial Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H Krishnamurthy Mohan
- Dept of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Clinical PET Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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