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Pereira Sena P, Weber JJ, Bayezit S, Saup R, Incebacak Eltemur RD, Li X, Velic A, Jung J, Macek B, Nguyen HP, Riess O, Schmidt T. Implications of specific lysine residues within ataxin-3 for the molecular pathogenesis of Machado-Joseph disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1133271. [PMID: 37273907 PMCID: PMC10235640 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine residues are one of the main sites for posttranslational modifications of proteins, and lysine ubiquitination of the Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3 is implicated in its cellular function and polyglutamine expansion-dependent toxicity. Despite previously undertaken efforts, the individual roles of specific lysine residues of the ataxin-3 sequence are not entirely understood and demand further analysis. By retaining single lysine residues of otherwise lysine-free wild-type and polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3, we assessed the effects of a site-limited modifiability on ataxin-3 protein levels, aggregation propensity, localization, and stability. We confirmed earlier findings that levels of lysine-free ataxin-3 are reduced due to its decreased stability, which led to a diminished load of SDS-insoluble species of its polyglutamine-expanded form. The isolated presence of several single lysine residues within the N-terminus of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3 significantly restored its aggregate levels, with highest fold changes induced by the presence of lysine 8 or lysine 85, respectively. Ataxin-3 lacking all lysine residues presented a slightly increased nuclear localization, which was counteracted by the reintroduction of lysine 85, whereas presence of either lysine 8 or lysine 85 led to a significantly higher ataxin-3 stability. Moreover, lysine-free ataxin-3 showed increased toxicity and binding to K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, whereas the reintroduction of lysine 85, located between the ubiquitin-binding sites 1 and 2 of ataxin-3, normalized its binding affinity. Overall, our data highlight the relevance of lysine residues 8 and 85 of ataxin-3 and encourage further analyses, to evaluate the potential of modulating posttranslational modifications of these sites for influencing pathophysiological characteristics of the Machado-Joseph disease protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Pereira Sena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonasz Jeremiasz Weber
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sercan Bayezit
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rafael Saup
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rana Dilara Incebacak Eltemur
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Velic
- Proteome Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Jung
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Saup R, Nair N, Shen J, Schmaus A, Thiele W, Garvalov BK, Sleeman JP. Increased Circulating Osteopontin Levels Promote Primary Tumour Growth, but Do Not Induce Metastasis in Melanoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041038. [PMID: 37189656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoprotein with diverse functions in various physiological and pathological processes. OPN expression is increased in multiple cancers, and OPN within tumour tissue has been shown to promote key stages of cancer development. OPN levels are also elevated in the circulation of cancer patients, which in some cases has been correlated with enhanced metastatic propensity and poor prognosis. However, the precise impact of circulating OPN (cOPN) on tumour growth and progression remains insufficiently understood. To examine the role of cOPN, we used a melanoma model, in which we stably increased the levels of cOPN through adeno-associated virus-mediated transduction. We found that increased cOPN promoted the growth of primary tumours, but did not significantly alter the spontaneous metastasis of melanoma cells to the lymph nodes or lungs, despite an increase in the expression of multiple factors linked to tumour progression. To assess whether cOPN has a role at later stages of metastasis formation, we employed an experimental metastasis model, but again could not detect any increase in pulmonary metastasis in animals with elevated levels of cOPN. These results demonstrate that increased levels of OPN in the circulation play distinct roles during different stages of melanoma progression.
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Popović A, Miihkinen M, Ghimire S, Saup R, Grönloh MLB, Ball NJ, Goult BT, Ivaska J, Jacquemet G. Myosin-X recruits lamellipodin to filopodia tips. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:293507. [PMID: 36861887 PMCID: PMC10022686 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin-X (MYO10), a molecular motor localizing to filopodia, is thought to transport various cargo to filopodia tips, modulating filopodia function. However, only a few MYO10 cargoes have been described. Here, using GFP-Trap and BioID approaches combined with mass spectrometry, we identified lamellipodin (RAPH1) as a novel MYO10 cargo. We report that the FERM domain of MYO10 is required for RAPH1 localization and accumulation at filopodia tips. Previous studies have mapped the RAPH1 interaction domain for adhesome components to its talin-binding and Ras-association domains. Surprisingly, we find that the RAPH1 MYO10-binding site is not within these domains. Instead, it comprises a conserved helix located just after the RAPH1 pleckstrin homology domain with previously unknown functions. Functionally, RAPH1 supports MYO10 filopodia formation and stability but is not required to activate integrins at filopodia tips. Taken together, our data indicate a feed-forward mechanism whereby MYO10 filopodia are positively regulated by MYO10-mediated transport of RAPH1 to the filopodium tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Popović
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mitro Miihkinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sujan Ghimire
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Rafael Saup
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Max L B Grönloh
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Neil J Ball
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Western Finnish Cancer Center (FICAN West), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioimaging, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Stagno MJ, Schmidt A, Bochem J, Urla C, Handgretinger R, Cabanillas Stanchi KM, Saup R, Queudeville M, Fuchs J, Warmann SW, Schmid E. Epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) for liquid biopsy including identification of GD2 in childhood neuroblastoma-a pilot study. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1324-1331. [PMID: 35864157 PMCID: PMC9519569 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common paediatric extracranial solid malignancy. We analysed the role of the epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) technique for liquid biopsy in NB patients. Methods Tumour epitopes transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1), Apo10 (DNaseX) and GD2 were assessed: expression levels in seven NB tumour samples and five NB cell lines were analysed using RT-PCR and flow cytometry. LAN-1 cells were co-cultured with blood and assessed using EDIM. Peripheral blood macrophages of patients with neuroblastoma (n = 38) and healthy individuals (control group, n = 37) were labelled (CD14+/CD16+) and assessed for TKTL1, Apo10 and GD2 using the EDIM technology. Results mRNA expression of TKTL1 and DNaseX/Apo10 was elevated in 6/7 NB samples. Spike experiments showed upregulation of TKTL1, Apo10 and GD2 in LAN-1 cells following co-culturing with blood. TKTL1 and Apo10 were present in macrophages of 36/38 patients, and GD2 in 15/19 patients. The 37 control samples were all negative. EDIM expression scores of the three epitopes allowed differentiation between NB patients and healthy individuals. Conclusions The EDIM test might serve as a non-invasive tool for liquid biopsy in children suffering from NB. Future studies are necessary for assessing risk stratification, tumour biology, treatment monitoring, and early detection of tumour relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias J Stagno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Bochem
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cristian Urla
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin M Cabanillas Stanchi
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rafael Saup
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manon Queudeville
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steven W Warmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Kyjacova L, Saup R, Rothley M, Schmaus A, Wagner T, Boßerhoff A, Garvalov BK, Thiele W, Sleeman JP. Quantitative Detection of Disseminated Melanoma Cells by Trp-1 Transcript Analysis Reveals Stochastic Distribution of Pulmonary Metastases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225459. [PMID: 34830742 PMCID: PMC8618565 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the process of melanoma metastasis is required to underpin the development of novel therapies that will improve patient outcomes. The use of appropriate animal models is indispensable for investigating the mechanisms of melanoma metastasis. However, reliable and practicable quantification of metastases in experimental mice remains a challenge, particularly if the metastatic burden is low. Here, we describe a qRT-PCR-based protocol that employs the melanocytic marker Trp-1 for the sensitive quantification of melanoma metastases in the murine lung. Using this protocol, we were able to detect the presence of as few as 100 disseminated melanoma cells in lung tissue. This allowed us to quantify metastatic burden in a spontaneous syngeneic B16-F10 metastasis model, even in the absence of visible metastases, as well as in the autochthonous Tg(Grm1)/Cyld−/− melanoma model. Importantly, we also observed an uneven distribution of disseminated melanoma cells amongst the five lobes of the murine lung, which varied considerably from animal to animal. Together, our findings demonstrate that the qRT-PCR-based detection of Trp-1 allows the quantification of low pulmonary metastatic burden in both transplantable and autochthonous murine melanoma models, and show that the analysis of lung metastasis in such models needs to take into account the stochastic distribution of metastatic lesions amongst the lung lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kyjacova
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
| | - Rafael Saup
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
| | - Melanie Rothley
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anja Schmaus
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tabea Wagner
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
| | - Anja Boßerhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Boyan K. Garvalov
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
| | - Wilko Thiele
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-71595
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Jacquemet G, Stubb A, Saup R, Miihkinen M, Kremneva E, Hamidi H, Ivaska J. Filopodome Mapping Identifies p130Cas as a Mechanosensitive Regulator of Filopodia Stability. Curr Biol 2019; 29:202-216.e7. [PMID: 30639111 PMCID: PMC6345628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Filopodia are adhesive cellular protrusions specialized in the detection of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived cues. Although ECM engagement at focal adhesions is known to trigger the recruitment of hundreds of proteins ("adhesome") to fine-tune cellular behavior, the components of the filopodia adhesions remain undefined. Here, we performed a structured-illumination-microscopy-based screen to map the localization of 80 target proteins, linked to cell adhesion and migration, within myosin-X-induced filopodia. We demonstrate preferential enrichment of several adhesion proteins to either filopodia tips, filopodia shafts, or shaft subdomains, suggesting divergent, spatially restricted functions for these proteins. Moreover, proteins with phosphoinositide (PI) binding sites are particularly enriched in filopodia. This, together with the strong localization of PI(3,4)P2 in filopodia tips, predicts critical roles for PIs in regulating filopodia ultra-structure and function. Our mapping further reveals that filopodia adhesions consist of a unique set of proteins, the filopodome, that are distinct from classical nascent adhesions, focal adhesions, and fibrillar adhesions. Using live imaging, we observe that filopodia adhesions can give rise to nascent adhesions, which, in turn, form focal adhesions. We demonstrate that p130Cas (BCAR1) is recruited to filopodia tips via its C-terminal Cas family homology domain (CCHD) and acts as a mechanosensitive regulator of filopodia stability. Finally, we demonstrate that our map based on myosin-X-induced filopodia can be translated to endogenous filopodia and fascin- and IRSp53-mediated filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Aki Stubb
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Rafael Saup
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mitro Miihkinen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Elena Kremneva
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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