Serotonin has a key role in pathogenesis of experimental colitis.
Gastroenterology 2009;
137:1649-60. [PMID:
19706294 DOI:
10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.041]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Mucosal changes in inflammatory bowel disease are characterized by ulcerative lesions accompanied by a prominent infiltrate of immune cells as well as alteration in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT])-producing enterochromaffin cells. We investigated the role of 5-HT in colonic inflammation in mice.
METHODS
Colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium or dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in tryptophan hydroxylase 1-deficient (TPH1(-/-)) mice, which have markedly reduced 5-HT in the gastrointestinal tract, and in mice given the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine.
RESULTS
Delayed onset, decreased severity of clinical disease, and significantly lower macroscopic and histologic damage scores were observed in TPH1(-/-) mice, compared with wild-type mice, and in mice given parachlorophenylalanine after induction of colitis by dextran sulfate sodium. This was associated with down-regulation of macrophage infiltration and production of proinflammatory cytokines. 5-HT stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages collected from the peritoneal cavity of wild-type mice; this process was inhibited by a nuclear factor kappaB inhibitor, indicating a critical role for nuclear factor kappaB signaling in 5-HT-mediated activation of immune cells. Restoration of 5-HT levels in TPH1(-/-) mice by the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan increased the severity of DSS-induced colitis. We also observed significant reduction in severity of colitis in TPH1(-/-) mice after induction of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis.
CONCLUSIONS
5-HT is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation in experimental colitis. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of gastrointestinal inflammation and could lead to new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disorders.
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