Does fructose have a protective role on migraine?—experimental evidence in a rat model of metabolic syndrome under omega-3 supplementation.
ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022;
10:435. [PMID:
35571449 PMCID:
PMC9096372 DOI:
10.21037/atm-21-5699]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background
Migraine is a highly disabling disease, for which current therapies are limited to symptom alleviation. There is compelling evidence linking migraine with metabolic disorders, but the causal relationship is not clear. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties, with clear benefits in metabolic disorders, but its effects on migraine remains to be tested. We hypothesized that fructose-induced metabolic syndrome could aggravate migraine by increasing neuroinflammation and that n-3 treatment could mitigate it.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were used. Animals that received 10% high fructose diet (HFD) or tap water were subdivided into two additional groups: with or without n-3 supplementation. Fifteen days before euthanasia, each group was subdivided into two additional groups: with or without nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine.
Results
HFD lessened the migraine-like painful symptoms, as indicated by decreased grimace scores, which paralleled with reduced CGRP and leptin serum levels, increased hypothalamic CGRP, and decreased hypothalamic adiponectin and IL-6. There was a recovery of body and adipose tissue weight, besides a reduction of crown-like structures (CLS) in the inguinal adipose tissue. N-3 supplementation had no effect on NTG-related pain, but it decreased body and adipose tissue weight of HFD and tap water NTG-injected rats. N-3 improved NTG-related affective behavior and inflammatory parameters in tap water NTG-injected rats, with decreased hypothalamic TNF, serum CGRP and inguinal adipose-tissue CLS.
Conclusions
HFD relieved NTG-induced pain, possibly due to decreased energy expenditure, minimizing migraine energy needs. N-3 exhibited favorable effects regarding affective behavior and central and peripheral inflammation, irrespective of HFD.
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