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Bernstein E, Kanefsky R, Cook M, Newins AR. Acceptance of rape myths and psychological symptoms: the indirect effect of self-blame. J Am Coll Health 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35728073 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2086005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined the influence of rape myth acceptance on self-blame and psychological symptoms following a sexual assault. Participants: The sample included 280 female sexual assault survivors in college. Methods: In an online survey, participants completed the Sexual Experiences Survey - Short Form Victimization, Updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale, Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item scale, and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Results: A significant indirect effect was found between acceptance of rape myths and PTSD symptoms via self-blame; acceptance of rape myths was positively associated with self-blame, which in turn was positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: Clinicians working with survivors of sexual assault should assess for endorsement of rape myths and self-blame, as challenging posttraumatic cognitions has been shown to reduce symptoms of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rebekah Kanefsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Cook
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amie R Newins
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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2
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Hladek M, Gill JM, Lai C, Bandeen-Roche K, Xue QL, Allen J, Leyden C, Kanefsky R, Szanton SL. High Social Coping Self-Efficacy Associated With Lower Sweat Interleukin-6 in Older Adults With Chronic Illness. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 41:581-589. [PMID: 33840242 DOI: 10.1177/07334648211006518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6), is associated with chronic disease in older adults, but not all older adults have the same progression of poor health outcomes. Self-efficacy may play a role in buffering the inflammatory burden in chronic disease. To evaluate associations between self-efficacy and IL-6, 159 community-dwelling older adults (N = 159, Mage = 82 years, SD = 6.3 years) with one or more chronic illnesses were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Sweat IL-6 was collected using a noninvasive sweat patch worn for 72 hrs. Multiple linear regression with bootstrapping showed a significant association between social coping self-efficacy and IL-6 (β = -0.534, p = .010) after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, financial strain, chronic conditions, and social support. Although preliminary, this study creates a rationale to explore the self-efficacy inflammatory biomarker association further. Enhancing self-efficacy might be a viable nonpharmacological treatment to lower or slow the inflammatory burden in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chen Lai
- Tissue Injury Branch NIH/NINR, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Qian-Li Xue
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Newins AR, Wilson LC, Kanefsky R. Does sexual orientation moderate the relationship between posttraumatic cognitions and mental health outcomes following sexual assault? Psychology & Sexuality 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2020.1729846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amie R. Newins
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Laura C. Wilson
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, FL, USA
| | - Rebekah Kanefsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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4
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Kanefsky R, Motamedi V, Mithani S, Mysliwiec V, Gill JM, Pattinson CL. Mild traumatic brain injuries with loss of consciousness are associated with increased inflammation and pain in military personnel. Psychiatry Res 2019; 279:34-39. [PMID: 31280036 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are a pervasive concern for military personnel. Determining the impact of injury severity, including loss of consciousness (LOC) may provide important insights into the risk of psychological symptoms and inflammation commonly witnessed in military personnel and veterans following mTBI. US military personnel and veterans were categorized into three groups; TBI with LOC (n = 36), TBI without LOC (n = 25), Controls (n = 82). Participants reported their history of mTBI, psychological symptoms (post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and depression), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and underwent a blood draw. ANCOVA models which controlled for insomnia status and combat exposure indicated that both mTBI groups (with/without LOC) reported significantly greater depression and PTSD symptoms compared to controls; however, they did not differ from each other. The mTBI with LOC did report greater pain than both controls and mTBI without LOC. The TBI with LOC group also had significantly elevated IL-6 concentrations than both TBI without LOC and control groups. Within the mTBI groups, increased TNFα concentrations were associated with greater PTSD symptoms. These findings indicate that sustaining an mTBI, with or without LOC is detrimental for psychological wellbeing. However, LOC may be involved in perceptions of pain and concentrations of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Kanefsky
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Court, Bldg 60, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vida Motamedi
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Court, Bldg 60, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara Mithani
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Court, Bldg 60, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vincent Mysliwiec
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Department of Sleep Medicine, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, Bldg 4554, JBSA-Lackland, TX 78236, USA
| | - Jessica M Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Court, Bldg 60, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cassandra L Pattinson
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Court, Bldg 60, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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5
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Devoto C, Arcurio L, Fetta J, Ley M, Rodney T, Kanefsky R, Gill J. Inflammation Relates to Chronic Behavioral and Neurological Symptoms in Military Personnel with Traumatic Brain Injuries. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1169-1177. [PMID: 28933225 PMCID: PMC5657728 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717714098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the presence of acute inflammation during recovery is indicative of poor outcomes after a traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the role of chronic inflammation in predicting post-TBI-related symptoms remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to compare inflammatory biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-10) in active duty personnel who either sustained or did not sustain a TBI. Service members were also assessed for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and quality of life through self-reported measures. IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were greater in the TBI group than in the control group. Of those with a TBI, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were greater in the high-PTSD group than the low-PTSD group. No significant differences were found in IL-10 or the IL-6/IL-10 ratios between those with low and high PTSD. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to describe the latent structure of variables relating to emotional and physical health (i.e., Short Form 36 subcomponents, etc.) and their relationships within the TBI group with inflammatory cytokines. Four symptom profiles were found, with the third component most relating to PTSD and depression symptoms and high inflammation. This study indicates that the comorbidity of TBI and PTSD is associated with inflammation in a military sample, emphasizing the necessity for intervention in order to mitigate the risks associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Devoto
- 1 National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Arcurio
- 1 National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Fetta
- 1 National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Ley
- 1 National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Rodney
- 2 Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebekah Kanefsky
- 1 National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- 1 National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Martin C, Cho YE, Kim H, Yun S, Kanefsky R, Lee H, Mysliwiec V, Cashion A, Gill J. Altered DNA Methylation Patterns Associated With Clinically Relevant Increases in PTSD Symptoms and PTSD Symptom Profiles in Military Personnel. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:352-358. [PMID: 29514460 PMCID: PMC5993080 DOI: 10.1177/1099800418758951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is associated with differential DNA methylation across the whole genome. However, the relationship between these DNA methylation patterns and clinically relevant increases in PTSD severity is not yet clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in DNA methylation associated with PTSD symptoms and investigate DNA methylation changes related to increases in the severity of PTSD in military personnel. In this pilot study, a cross-sectional comparison was made between military personnel with PTSD (n = 8) and combat-matched controls without PTSD (n = 6). Symptom measures were obtained, and genome-wide DNA methylation was measured using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP-seq) from whole blood samples at baseline and 3 months later. A longitudinal comparison measured DNA methylation changes in military personnel with clinically relevant increases in PTSD symptoms between time points (PTSD onset) and compared methylation patterns to controls with no clinical changes in PTSD. In military personnel with elevated PTSD symptoms 3 months following baseline, 119 genes exhibited reduced methylation and 8 genes exhibited increased methylation. Genes with reduced methylation in the PTSD-onset group relate to the canonical pathways of netrin signaling, Wnt/Ca+ pathway, and axonal guidance signaling. These gene pathways relate to neurological disorders, and the current findings suggest that these epigenetic changes potentially relate to PTSD symptomology. This study provides some novel insights into the role of epigenetic changes in PTSD symptoms and the progression of PTSD symptoms in military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Martin
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR),
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Christiana Martin and Young-Eun Cho are
co-first authors
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR),
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Christiana Martin and Young-Eun Cho are
co-first authors
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR),
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rebekah Kanefsky
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR),
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyunhwa Lee
- University of Nevada, School of Nursing, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | - Ann Cashion
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR),
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR),
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Motamedi V, Kanefsky R, Matsangas P, Mithani S, Jeromin A, Brock MS, Mysliwiec V, Gill J. Elevated tau and interleukin-6 concentrations in adults with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2018; 43:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Devoto C, Arcurio L, Fetta J, Ley M, Rodney T, Kanefsky R, Gill J. Inflammation Relates to Chronic Behavioral and Neurological Symptoms in Military with Traumatic Brain Injuries. Cell Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.3727/096368916x693455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Devoto
- National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Arcurio
- National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Fetta
- National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Ley
- National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Rodney
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebekah Kanefsky
- National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
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