Hooi JD, Stoffers HEJH, Kester ADM, van RJW, Knottnerus JA. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease: prognostic value of signs, symptoms, and the ankle-brachial pressure index.
Med Decis Making 2002;
22:99-107. [PMID:
11958503 DOI:
10.1177/0272989x0202200208]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To determine whether different levels of the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) are associated with an increased risk for progressive limb ischemia, nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular events. To investigate the prognostic value of signs and symptoms associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD).
DESIGN
Prospective follow-up study.
SETTING
Eighteen general practice centers in the Netherlands.
PARTICIPANTS
Three thousand six hundred forty-nine participants (53% female) with a mean age of 59 years (range: 40-78 years).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Progressive limb ischemia, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
RESULTS
At baseline, 458 participants had PAOD, defined as an ABPI < 0.95. Among these, 148 (32.2%) had an ABPI < 0.70. Cox proportional hazards models showed that after a mean follow-up period of 7.2 years, PAOD patients with an ABPI < 0.70 were at higher risk for cardiovascular death, compared with participants with a moderately reduced ABPI (< 0.95 - > or = 0.70): HR 2.3 versus 1.2. Older age, complaints of intermittent claudication, abnormal pedal pulses, elevated blood pressure, and coexisting cardiovascular disease at baseline were also significant independent prognostic factors for one or more of the adverse outcome events in these patients.
CONCLUSION
The ABPI is inversely associated with cardiovascular mortality in PAOD patients. A low ABPI is an independent predictor for cardiovascular mortality in PAOD patients.
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