Conditional Survival and Annual Hazard Estimates of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Background

In the present study, we have tried to understand how the level of risk and survival probability changes over time for patients with classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma by employing conditional survival and annual hazard as dynamic estimates of prognosis and survival.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed the clinical data of patients with newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma admitted to Peking University Cancer Hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. Conditional survival and annual hazard rate were defined as the survival probability and yearly event rate, respectively, assuming that patients have survived for a defined time.

Results

A total of 384 patients were included (median age, 32 years; range, 6–77 years), of which 218 (56.8%) patients had early-stage disease. The median follow-up time was 41.3 months. The 5-year conditional overall survival (COS) rates remained favorable and showed an increase from 89% at treatment to 94% at year 5, while the 5-year conditional failure-free survival (CFFS) rate increased from 70% at treatment to 96% at year 5. The annual hazard of failure decreased from over 15% at diagnosis to less than 5% after 3 years. Early-stage patients had constantly lower annual estimates for hazard of death (range, 0–3.0%) and failure (range, 0–14.3%). However, the hazard of failure in advanced-stage patients decreased from 24.2% at diagnosis to below 8% after 3 years, whereas the hazard of death was always at relatively low levels. Patients with a high IPS risk score (≥3) had significantly lower COS and CFFS during the first 4 years. Patients who received the BEACOPP regimen had better 5-year COS and 5-year CFFS than those who received the ABVD regimen.

Conclusion

The survival probability increased and hazard of failure decreased over time.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary extranodal classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective study

OBJECTIVES

To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary extranodal classical Hodgkin lymphoma (PE-cHL).

METHODS

Clinical features and outcomes of 22 PE-cHL patients who received initial chemotherapy January 2008 to January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively, and compared with 274 primary nodal Hodgkin lymphoma (PN-cHL) patients treated in the same period.

RESULTS

With a median follow-up period of 42 months, compared with 274 PN-cHL patients, no significant difference of overall response rate (ORR) or complete remission (CR) rate was found, but the PE-cHL patients showed a higher recurrence rate (36.4% vs. 13.1%, p = .003) and poorer survival [(5-year overall survival (OS) rate: 64.6% vs. 97.7%, p = .001; 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate: 42.4% vs. 82.2%, p < .001)]. To minimize the effects of confounding factors, PE-cHL patients were matched with PN-cHL patients at a ratio of 1:1 according to age, gender, histological types and stage. Compared with 22 matched PN-cHL cases, PE-cHL was still associated with poor PFS (5-year PFS: 42.4% vs. 79.9%, p = .004). As to 22 PE-cHL patients, univariate analysis showed elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and elevated platelet (PLT) were associated with poor PFS (p < .05).

DISCUSSION

Compared with PN-cHLs, PE-cHLs showed a considerable shorter duration of remission, higher recurrence tendency and poorer survival, indicating that more intensive therapy may be needed.

CONCLUSION

The prognosis of PE-cHL is unfavorable. Elevated LDH and PLT are poor prognostic factors for PE-cHL.

Steady Decline of HBV DNA Load under NAs in Lymphoma Patients and a Higher Level of qAnti-HBc Predict HBV Reactivation

Background: Patients with lymphoma and chronic hepatitis B virus infection need to be treated with both chemotherapy and nucleotide analogue (NA) therapy. However, dynamic changes in HBV DNA loads with increasing chemotherapy cycles are lacking. It is unknown whether HBV replication markers, namely, the quantitative hepatitis B core antibody (qAnti-HBc), HBV RNA, and the hepatitis B virus core-related antigen (HBcrAg), are also markers for predicting HBV reactivation (HBVr). Methods: From 29 June 2010 to 6 December 2021, the data of patients with single-site diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and HBV infection (HBsAg+ and HBsAg-/anti-HBc+) were collected from a hospital medical record system, retrospectively. Serum HBV DNA loads (using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR tests), qAnti-HBc levels (using a newly developed chemiluminescent particle immunoassay), HBV RNA levels (using the simultaneous amplification testing method based on real-time fluorescence detection), and HBcrAg levels (using a Lumipulse G HBcrAg assay) were tested, and factors related to HBVr were analyzed. Results: Under NAs, the HBV DNA loads of 69 HBsAg+ lymphoma patients declined from 3.15 (2.13-4.73) lg IU/mL to 1.00 (1.00-1.75) lg IU/mL, and further declined to 1.00 (1.00-1.04) lg IU/mL at the end of a 24-month follow-up. The qAnti-HBc levels decreased gradually during chemotherapy in HBsAg+ lymphoma patients (F = 7.090, p = 0.009). The HBV RNA and HBcrAg levels remained stable. A multivariate analysis revealed that higher qAnti-HBc levels (1.97 ± 1.20 vs. 1.12 ± 0.84 lg IU/mL, OR = 6.369, [95% CI: 1.523-26.641], p = 0.011) and higher HBV RNA levels (1.00 ± 1.13 vs. 0.37 ± 0.80 lg copies/mL, OR = 3.299, [95% CI: 1.229-8.854], p = 0.018) were related to HBVr in HBsAg-/anti-HBc+ lymphoma patients. Conclusions: HBV DNA loads declined under NAs during chemotherapy in lymphoma patients. In HBsAg-/anti-HBc+ lymphoma patients, a higher level of baseline serum qAnti-HBc and HBV RNA levels can predict the likelihood of HBVr during chemotherapy.

Effect of infection with hepatitis B virus on the survival outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the prophylactic antiviral era

Patients with lymphoma who are also infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) have a poor prognosis. This could be partly explained by the delay or premature termination of anti-tumor treatment because of HBV reactivation. However, there is limited data on the survival outcome of patients HBV-related lymphoma in the era of prophylactic antivirals. Data for 128 patients with HBV surface antigen-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was collected. The median age was 54 years and the ratio of men to women was 1.2:1. All patients received immune-chemotherapy and prophylactic antiviral therapy. The median number of cycles of immune-chemotherapy was six. The overall response rate was 82%, with a complete remission rate of 75%. With a median follow-up of 58.4 months, the 5-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 75.7% and 74.7%, respectively. Nine patients experienced HBV reactivation but none experienced HBV-associated hepatitis. Patients with low and high HBV DNA loads had comparable survival outcomes. In conclusion, HBV infection had no negative effect on the prognosis of DLBCL in the era of prophylactic antiviral therapy.

Prevalence, genetic variations and clinical outcomes of BRAF-V600 mutated advanced NSCLC in China: a retrospective real-world multi-centre study

BACKGROUND

Due to the low incidence of BRAF mutations, limited data is available about their prevalence and clinical characteristics. Moreover, comparative real-world efficacy of dabrafenib combined with trametinib versus other treatment regimens, especially in Chinese patients, is also lacking.

METHODS

Patients who had BRAF genetic testing from the Lung Cancer Big Data Precise Treatment Collaboration Group (LANDSCAPE) database were included as Cohort I. The LANDSCAPE database comprises next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of 175,336 patients with lung cancer, originating from 6 Chinese genetic testing institutions. Cohort II included patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with a primary BRAF mutation from 19 centres in China from December 2015 to September 2022.

FINDINGS

In Cohort I, of patients with NSCLC, 6249 (3.56%, 95% CI: 3.48%-3.65%) were confirmed to harbour a BRAF mutation. BRAF V600E accounted for 24.6% (1539/6249) of all patients with BRAF-mutated NSCLC. In Cohort II, a total of 129 patients with locally advanced or metastatic BRAF-mutated NSCLC were included. Of 112 patients who received NGS testing, 80 (71.4%) patients had concomitant mutations. The median first-line real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) of dabrafenib plus trametinib for patients with BRAF V600 mutations was 25.0 months (N = 37), which was numerically longer than first-line immunotherapy-based therapy (N = 12, 15.7 months), and chemotherapy (N = 17, 9.2 months).

INTERPRETATION

This study indicates that dabrafenib plus trametinib could be considered as the optimal treatment option for Chinese patients with NSCLC harbouring BRAF V600 mutations.

FUNDING

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072583); Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program (PX2020044); Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme (QML20231113); Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (2022-17); Peking University Cancer Hospital Inner Mongolia Hospital Public Hospital Reform and High-Quality Development Demonstration Project (Gastrointestinal Cancer + Thoracic Cancer) Research Fund (2024YNYB006).

Management and clinical outcomes of follicular lymphoma across continuous lines of treatments: a retrospective analysis in China

Background

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by an incurable course that frequently necessitates multiple lines of treatment. While a range of new approaches have broadened therapeutic options for patients in later lines, data regarding treatment patterns and outcomes of Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory(R/R) FL was scarcely reported.

Methods

This retrospective single-center study included patients diagnosed with FL grades 1-3a at our institution between January 2002 and December 2019. Endpoints of interest were analyzed according to lines and types of interventions. The endpoints mainly included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

The study enrolled 566 biopsy-proven patients. Among them, 544 patients initiated the first line of treatment, followed by 240 initiating the second line, 146 initiating the third line, 88 initiating the fourth line, 47 initiating the fifth line, and 28 initiating the sixth line. In terms of treatment patterns, anti-CD20 chemotherapy was a major modality in the first and second lines. However, for patients in the third line and subsequent lines, treatment approaches were diverse, and participation in clinical trials for new medications was common, which correlated with a survival benefit. The study also revealed that clinical indicators (such as ORR, PFS, and OS) gradually decreased with each subsequent line of treatment. The ORR at the first line was 86.6%, but decreased to 48.6% at the third line and 40.4% at the sixth line, respectively. Similarly, median OS and PFS decreased to 88.8 and 7.1 months at the third line and further reduced to 21.7 and 2.8 months at the sixth line, respectively. A total of 133 patients developed progression within 24 months from the initiation of first line anti-CD20 chemotherapy (POD24), and these patients exhibited poorer response rates and outcomes in subsequent lines of therapycompared to the non-POD24 group.

Conclusion

This study revealed the clinical routine practices and prognosis of R/R FL patients within the Chinese population. It underscored the unmet need for optimal strategies to improve survival and also served as a benchmark for future trials.