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Mitra AP, Narayan VM, Mokkapati S, Miest T, Boorjian SA, Alemozaffar M, Konety BR, Shore ND, Gomella LG, Kamat AM, Bivalacqua TJ, Montgomery JS, Lerner SP, Busby JE, Poch M, Crispen PL, Steinberg GD, Schuckman AK, Downs TM, Svatek RS, Mashni J, Lane BR, Guzzo TJ, Bratslavsky G, Karsh LI, Woods ME, Brown GA, Canter D, Luchey A, Lotan Y, Krupski T, Inman BA, Williams MB, Cookson MS, Keegan KA, Andriole GL, Sankin AI, Boyd A, O’Donnell MA, Philipson R, Ylä-Herttuala S, Sawutz D, Parker NR, McConkey DJ, Dinney CP. Antiadenovirus Antibodies Predict Response Durability to Nadofaragene Firadenovec Therapy in BCG-unresponsive Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Secondary Analysis of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial. Eur Urol 2022; 81:223-228. [PMID: 34933753 PMCID: PMC8891058 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A recent phase 3 trial of intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec reported a promising complete response rate for patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This study examined the ability of antiadenovirus antibody levels to predict the durability of therapeutic response to nadofaragene firadenovec. A standardized and validated quantitative assay was used to prospectively assess baseline and post-treatment serum antibody levels among 91 patients from the phase 3 trial, of whom 47 (52%) were high-grade recurrence free at 12 mo (responders). While baseline titers did not predict treatment response, 3-mo titer >800 was associated with a higher likelihood of durable response (p = 0.026). Peak post-treatment titers >800 were noted in 42 (89%) responders versus 26 (59%) nonresponders (p = 0.001; assay sensitivity, 89%; negative predictive value, 78%). Moreover, 22 (47%) responders compared with eight (18%) nonresponders had a combination of peak post-treatment titers >800 and peak antibody fold change >8 (p = 0.004; assay specificity, 82%; positive predictive value, 73%). A majority of responders continued to have post-treatment antibody titers >800 after the first 6 mo of therapy. In conclusion, serum antiadenovirus antibody quantification may serve as a novel predictive marker for nadofaragene firadenovec response durability. Future studies will focus on large-scale validation and clinical utility of the assay. PATIENT SUMMARY: This study reports on a planned secondary analysis of a phase 3 multicenter clinical trial that established the benefit of nadofaragene firadenovec, a novel intravesical gene therapeutic, for the treatment of patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Prospective assessment of serum anti-human adenovirus type-5 antibody levels of patients in this trial indicated that a combination of post-treatment titers and fold change from baseline can predict treatment efficacy. While this merits additional validation, our findings suggest that serum antiadenovirus antibody levels can serve as an important predictive marker for the durability of therapeutic response to nadofaragene firadenovec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban P. Mitra
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vikram M. Narayan
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharada Mokkapati
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tanner Miest
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Neal D. Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
| | - Leonard G. Gomella
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashish M. Kamat
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trinity J. Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Seth P. Lerner
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Erik Busby
- Department of Surgery, Prisma Health, University of South Carolina School of Medicine at Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Michael Poch
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul L. Crispen
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary D. Steinberg
- Department of Urology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne K. Schuckman
- Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy M. Downs
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert S. Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Mashni
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, USA
| | - Brian R. Lane
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Thomas J. Guzzo
- Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Luchey
- Department of Urology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tracey Krupski
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brant A. Inman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael S. Cookson
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kirk A. Keegan
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gerald L. Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander I. Sankin
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Nigel R. Parker
- AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David J. McConkey
- Department of Urology, Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colin P.N. Dinney
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1373, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Tel. +1-713-792-3250; Fax: +1-713-794-4824, (C.P.N. Dinney)
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7
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Boorjian SA, Alemozaffar M, Konety BR, Shore ND, Gomella LG, Kamat AM, Bivalacqua TJ, Montgomery JS, Lerner SP, Busby JE, Poch M, Crispen PL, Steinberg GD, Schuckman AK, Downs TM, Svatek RS, Mashni J, Lane BR, Guzzo TJ, Bratslavsky G, Karsh LI, Woods ME, Brown G, Canter D, Luchey A, Lotan Y, Krupski T, Inman BA, Williams MB, Cookson MS, Keegan KA, Andriole GL, Sankin AI, Boyd A, O'Donnell MA, Sawutz D, Philipson R, Coll R, Narayan VM, Treasure FP, Yla-Herttuala S, Parker NR, Dinney CPN. Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec gene therapy for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-arm, open-label, repeat-dose clinical trial. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:107-117. [PMID: 33253641 PMCID: PMC7988888 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCG is the most effective therapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nadofaragene firadenovec (also known as rAd-IFNa/Syn3) is a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus that delivers human interferon alfa-2b cDNA into the bladder epithelium, and a novel intravesical therapy for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We aimed to evaluate its efficacy in patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. METHODS In this phase 3, multicentre, open-label, repeat-dose study done in 33 centres (hospitals and clinics) in the USA, we recruited patients aged 18 years or older, with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status of 2 or less. Patients were excluded if they had upper urinary tract disease, urothelial carcinoma within the prostatic urethra, lymphovascular invasion, micropapillary disease, or hydronephrosis. Eligible patients received a single intravesical 75 mL dose of nadofaragene firadenovec (3 × 1011 viral particles per mL). Repeat dosing at months 3, 6, and 9 was done in the absence of high-grade recurrence. The primary endpoint was complete response at any time in patients with carcinoma in situ (with or without a high-grade Ta or T1 tumour). The null hypothesis specified a complete response rate of less than 27% in this cohort. Efficacy analyses were done on the per-protocol population, to include only patients strictly meeting the BCG-unresponsive definition. Safety analyses were done in all patients who received at least one dose of treatment. The study is ongoing, with a planned 4-year treatment and monitoring phase. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02773849. FINDINGS Between Sept 19, 2016, and May 24, 2019, 198 patients were assessed for eligibility. 41 patients were excluded, and 157 were enrolled and received at least one dose of the study drug. Six patients did not meet the definition of BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and were therefore excluded from efficacy analyses; the remaining 151 patients were included in the per-protocol efficacy analyses. 55 (53·4%) of 103 patients with carcinoma in situ (with or without a high-grade Ta or T1 tumour) had a complete response within 3 months of the first dose and this response was maintained in 25 (45·5%) of 55 patients at 12 months. Micturition urgency was the most common grade 3-4 study drug-related adverse event (two [1%] of 157 patients, both grade 3), and there were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec was efficacious, with a favourable benefit:risk ratio, in patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This represents a novel treatment option in a therapeutically challenging disease state. FUNDING FKD Therapies Oy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neal D Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
| | - Leonard G Gomella
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Seth P Lerner
- Scott Department of Urology, Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph E Busby
- Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Michael Poch
- Department of GU Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul L Crispen
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary D Steinberg
- Department of Urology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne K Schuckman
- USC Institute of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy M Downs
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Brian R Lane
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Thomas J Guzzo
- Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael E Woods
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Luchey
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tracey Krupski
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brant A Inman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael S Cookson
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kirk A Keegan
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gerald L Andriole
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vikram M Narayan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- AI Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nigel R Parker
- AI Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Colin P N Dinney
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Wechsler ME, Akuthota P, Jayne D, Khoury P, Klion A, Langford CA, Merkel PA, Moosig F, Specks U, Cid MC, Luqmani R, Brown J, Mallett S, Philipson R, Yancey SW, Steinfeld J, Weller PF, Gleich GJ. Mepolizumab or Placebo for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:1921-1932. [PMID: 28514601 PMCID: PMC5548295 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1702079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 547] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an eosinophilic vasculitis. Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, reduces blood eosinophil counts and may have value in the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. METHODS In this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned participants with relapsing or refractory eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis who had received treatment for at least 4 weeks and were taking a stable prednisolone or prednisone dose to receive 300 mg of mepolizumab or placebo, administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks, plus standard care, for 52 weeks. The two primary end points were the accrued weeks of remission over a 52-week period, according to categorical quantification, and the proportion of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48. Secondary end points included the time to first relapse and the average daily glucocorticoid dose (during weeks 48 through 52). The annualized relapse rate and safety were assessed. RESULTS A total of 136 participants underwent randomization, with 68 participants assigned to receive mepolizumab and 68 to receive placebo. Mepolizumab treatment led to significantly more accrued weeks of remission than placebo (28% vs. 3% of the participants had ≥24 weeks of accrued remission; odds ratio, 5.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68 to 13.03; P<0.001) and a higher percentage of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48 (32% vs. 3%; odds ratio, 16.74; 95% CI, 3.61 to 77.56; P<0.001). Remission did not occur in 47% of the participants in the mepolizumab group versus 81% of those in the placebo group. The annualized relapse rate was 1.14 in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 2.27 in the placebo group (rate ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.70; P<0.001). A total of 44% of the participants in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 7% of those in the placebo group, had an average daily dose of prednisolone or prednisone of 4.0 mg or less per day during weeks 48 through 52 (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.41; P<0.001). The safety profile of mepolizumab was similar to that observed in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS In participants with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, mepolizumab resulted in significantly more weeks in remission and a higher proportion of participants in remission than did placebo, thus allowing for reduced glucocorticoid use. Even so, only approximately half the participants treated with mepolizumab had protocol-defined remission. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02020889 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Wechsler
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - David Jayne
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Paneez Khoury
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Amy Klion
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Carol A Langford
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Peter A Merkel
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Frank Moosig
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Ulrich Specks
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Maria C Cid
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Raashid Luqmani
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Judith Brown
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Stephen Mallett
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Richard Philipson
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Steve W Yancey
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Steinfeld
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Peter F Weller
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Gerald J Gleich
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
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