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Ayukawa R, Iwata S, Imai H, Kamimura S, Hayashi M, Ngo KX, Minoura I, Uchimura S, Makino T, Shirouzu M, Shigematsu H, Sekimoto K, Gigant B, Muto E. GTP-dependent formation of straight tubulin oligomers leads to microtubule nucleation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211760. [PMID: 33544140 PMCID: PMC7871348 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleation of microtubules (MTs) is essential for cellular activities, but its mechanism is unknown because of the difficulty involved in capturing rare stochastic events in the early stage of polymerization. Here, combining rapid flush negative stain electron microscopy (EM) and kinetic analysis, we demonstrate that the formation of straight oligomers of critical size is essential for nucleation. Both GDP and GTP tubulin form single-stranded oligomers with a broad range of curvatures, but upon nucleation, the curvature distribution of GTP oligomers is shifted to produce a minor population of straight oligomers. With tubulin having the Y222F mutation in the β subunit, the proportion of straight oligomers increases and nucleation accelerates. Our results support a model in which GTP binding generates a minor population of straight oligomers compatible with lateral association and further growth to MTs. This study suggests that cellular factors involved in nucleation promote it via stabilization of straight oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ayukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seigo Iwata
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Hayashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kien Xuan Ngo
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Itsushi Minoura
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiichi Uchimura
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Makino
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Shigematsu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Sekimoto
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Gulliver, CNRS UMR 7083, ESPCI Paris and Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Gigant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Etsuko Muto
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
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Muto E, Ayukawa R, Iwata S, Imai H, Kamimura S, Sekimoto K, Benoît G. GTP-Dependent Formation of Straight Oligomers Leads to Nucleation of Microtubules. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Minoura I, Takazaki H, Ayukawa R, Saruta C, Hachikubo Y, Uchimura S, Hida T, Kamiguchi H, Shimogori T, Muto E. Reversal of axonal growth defects in an extraocular fibrosis model by engineering the kinesin-microtubule interface. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10058. [PMID: 26775887 PMCID: PMC4735607 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in human β3-tubulin (TUBB3) cause an ocular motility disorder termed congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3 (CFEOM3). In CFEOM3, the oculomotor nervous system develops abnormally due to impaired axon guidance and maintenance; however, the underlying mechanism linking TUBB3 mutations to axonal growth defects remains unclear. Here, we investigate microtubule (MT)-based motility in vitro using MTs formed with recombinant TUBB3. We find that the disease-associated TUBB3 mutations R262H and R262A impair the motility and ATPase activity of the kinesin motor. Engineering a mutation in the L12 loop of kinesin surprisingly restores a normal level of motility and ATPase activity on MTs carrying the R262A mutation. Moreover, in a CFEOM3 mouse model expressing the same mutation, overexpressing the suppressor mutant kinesin restores axonal growth in vivo. Collectively, these findings establish the critical role of the TUBB3-R262 residue for mediating kinesin interaction, which in turn is required for normal axonal growth and brain development. How mutations in β3-tubulin cause axonal growth defects in congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3 remains elusive. Minoura et al. develop a model system using recombinant human tubulin that demonstrates a link between tubulin mutation, impaired kinesin motility and axonal growth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsushi Minoura
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Rie Ayukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chihiro Saruta
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Thalamus Development, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - You Hachikubo
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Seiichi Uchimura
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hida
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Thalamus Development, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Etsuko Muto
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Uchimura S, Fujii T, Takazaki H, Ayukawa R, Nishikawa Y, Minoura I, Hachikubo Y, Kurisu G, Sutoh K, Kon T, Namba K, Muto E. A flipped ion pair at the dynein-microtubule interface is critical for dynein motility and ATPase activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:211-22. [PMID: 25583999 PMCID: PMC4298687 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201407039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dynein is a motor protein that moves on microtubules (MTs) using the energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. To understand its motility mechanism, it is crucial to know how the signal of MT binding is transmitted to the ATPase domain to enhance ATP hydrolysis. However, the molecular basis of signal transmission at the dynein-MT interface remains unclear. Scanning mutagenesis of tubulin identified two residues in α-tubulin, R403 and E416, that are critical for ATPase activation and directional movement of dynein. Electron cryomicroscopy and biochemical analyses revealed that these residues form salt bridges with the residues in the dynein MT-binding domain (MTBD) that work in concert to induce registry change in the stalk coiled coil and activate the ATPase. The R403-E3390 salt bridge functions as a switch for this mechanism because of its reversed charge relative to other residues at the interface. This study unveils the structural basis for coupling between MT binding and ATPase activation and implicates the MTBD in the control of directional movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Uchimura
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujii
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Quantitative Biology Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takazaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Rie Ayukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Itsushi Minoura
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - You Hachikubo
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sutoh
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0033, Japan
| | - Takahide Kon
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
| | - Keiichi Namba
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Quantitative Biology Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Etsuko Muto
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Uchimura S, Fujii T, Takazaki H, Ayukawa R, Nishikawa Y, Minoura I, Hachikubo Y, Kurisu G, Sutoh K, Kon T, Namba K, Muto E. A Mechanical Switch from Diffusion to Directional Motion Activates ATPase in Dynein Motor. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Minoura I, Hachikubo Y, Yamakita Y, Takazaki H, Ayukawa R, Uchimura S, Muto E. Overexpression, purification, and functional analysis of recombinant human tubulin dimer. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3450-5. [PMID: 24021646 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules consisting of tubulin dimers play essential roles in various cellular functions. Investigating the structure-function relationship of tubulin dimers requires a method to prepare sufficient quantities of recombinant tubulin. To this end, we simultaneously expressed human α1- and β3-tubulin using a baculovirus-insect cell expression system that enabled the purification of 5mg recombinant tubulin per litre of cell culture. The purified recombinant human tubulin could be polymerized into microtubules that glide on a kinesin-coated glass surface. The method provides a powerful tool for in vitro functional analyses of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsushi Minoura
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Yamakita Y, Hachikubo Y, Ayukawa R, Uchimura S, Muto E, Minoura I. Human Disease-Related Mutation at R262 of β3-Tubulin Critical for Kinesin Motility and ATP Hydrolysis. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Togane Y, Ayukawa R, Hara Y, Akagawa H, Iwabuchi K, Tsujimura H. Spatio-temporal pattern of programmed cell death in the developing Drosophila optic lobe. Dev Growth Differ 2012; 54:503-18. [PMID: 22587328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2012.01340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A large number of cells die via programmed cell death during the normal development of the Drosophila optic lobe. In this study, we report the precise spatial and temporal pattern of cell death in this organ. Cell death in the developing optic lobe occurs in two distinct phases. The first phase extends from the start of metamorphosis to the mid-pupal stage. During this phase, a large number of cells die in the optic lobe as a whole, with a peak of cell death at an early pupal stage in the lamina and medulla cortices and the region of the T2/T3/C neurons, and a smaller number of dead cells observed in the lobula plate cortex. The second phase extends from the mid-pupal stage to eclosion. Throughout this period, a small number of dying cells can be observed, with a small peak at a late pupal stage. Most of the dying cells are neurons. During the first phase, dying cells are distributed in specific patterns in cortices. The lamina cortex contains two distinct clusters of dying cells; the medulla cortex, four clusters; the lobula plate cortex, one cluster; and the region of the T2/T3/C neurons, one cluster. Many of the clusters maintain their distinct positions in the optic lobe but others extend the region they cover during development. The presence of distinct clusters of dying cells at different phases suggests that distinct mechanisms control cell death during different stages of optic lobe development in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Togane
- Developmental Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-si, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Minoura I, Degawa M, Ayukawa R, Uchimura S, Sekimoto K, Muto E. KIF1A Repeats Cycle of ‘FREE Diffusion’ and ‘SPECIFIC Binding’ during Weak Binding State. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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