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Dailey GP, Rabiola CA, Lei G, Wei J, Yang XY, Wang T, Liu CX, Gajda M, Hobeika AC, Summers A, Marek RD, Morse MA, Lyerly HK, Crosby EJ, Hartman ZC. Vaccines targeting ESR1 activating mutations elicit anti-tumor immune responses and suppress estrogen signaling in therapy resistant ER+ breast cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309693. [PMID: 38330990 PMCID: PMC10857653 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ER+ breast cancers (BC) are characterized by the elevated expression and signaling of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), which renders them sensitive to anti-endocrine therapy. While these therapies are clinically effective, prolonged treatment inevitably results in therapeutic resistance, which can occur through the emergence of gain-of-function mutations in ESR1. The central importance of ESR1 and development of mutated forms of ESR1 suggest that vaccines targeting these proteins could potentially be effective in preventing or treating endocrine resistance. To explore the potential of this approach, we developed several recombinant vaccines encoding different mutant forms of ESR1 (ESR1mut) and validated their ability to elicit ESR1-specific T cell responses. We then developed novel ESR1mut-expressing murine mammary cancer models to test the anti-tumor potential of ESR1mut vaccines. We found that these vaccines could suppress tumor growth, ESR1mut expression and estrogen signaling in vivo. To illustrate the applicability of these findings, we utilize HPLC to demonstrate the presentation of ESR1 and ESR1mut peptides on human ER+ BC cell MHC complexes. We then show the presence of human T cells reactive to ESR1mut epitopes in an ER+ BC patient. These findings support the development of ESR1mut vaccines, which we are testing in a Phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle P. Dailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Gangjun Lei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cong-Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa Gajda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy C. Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Summers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert D. Marek
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Herbert K. Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Erika J. Crosby
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary C. Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Marek RD, Wei J, Wang T, Yang XY, Lei G, Hartman ZC. Abstract 683: Vaccination against androgen receptor splice variant induces anti-tumor adaptive immune responses. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling has been the central target for standard-of-care prostate cancer therapies, although de novo resistance to these therapies occurs in many metastatic prostate cancer patients within 2-3 years. Resistance to AR targeting agents most often develops through overexpression of AR and expression of truncated, constitutively active RNA splice variants of AR. While clinical use of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade has failed to demonstrate clinical success in treating resistance prostate cancers, the slower progression of prostate cancer provides an opportunity for immune targeted interventions. Cancer specific vaccines have the potential to enable and enhance tumor specific immune responses by stimulating and directing T cell immunity to important oncologic targets. We hypothesized that a cancer vaccine designed to induce a T cell response against cells expressing high levels of AR would result in an anti-tumor effect and potentially prevent or delay the development of therapeutic resistance.
Methods: To evaluate AR and AR variants as potential immunological targets, we produced adenoviral vaccines against AR (Ad-AR) or AR splice variant 7 (Ad-AR-V7). We vaccinated naïve mice and examined AR and AR variant specific immunity in peptide restimulation. We further tested our vaccines in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens using multiple subcutaneous syngeneic tumor models (including prostate tumor lines, such as TrampC2) which were engineered to express AR or AR-V7.
Results: Adenoviral vaccines targeting AR or AR-V7 produced robust T-cell responses against the N-terminal domain of AR. Notably, vaccination with both Ad-AR or Ad-AR-V7 induced significant anti-tumor immune responses, inducing complete tumor clearance against tumors expressing AR-V7 and allowing for long-term survival in the majority of vaccinated mice.
Conclusions: These data demonstrate the potential of AR and AR splice variants as immunologic targets of prostate cancer vaccines, which elicit AR specific T cell immunity and produce anti-tumor responses in prostate cancers.
Citation Format: Robert D. Marek, Junping Wei, Tao Wang, Xiao-Yi Yang, Gangjun Lei, Zachary C. Hartman. Vaccination against androgen receptor splice variant induces anti-tumor adaptive immune responses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 683.
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Marek RD, Chen A, Xu R, Wei J, Wang T, Yang X, Lei G, Heiland T, Hartman ZC. Abstract 3564: Vaccination using different platforms encoding HER2-LAMP with heterologous boosting enhances adaptive HER2-specific immunity to enable potent anti-tumor responses. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies have demonstrated that effective induction of T cell responses can elicit tumor regression of different metastatic cancers, although these responses are restricted to certain individuals with specific types of cancer. To enhance these responses, there has been renewed emphasis in developing different types of cancer-specific vaccines to stimulate and direct T cell and B cell immunity to important oncologic targets, such as the oncogene human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is expressed in ~20% of breast cancers (BC). In our previous work we used a DNA plasmid vaccine targeting HER2, which utilized a lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP) domain to traffic HER2 antigen to endolysosomal compartments. We demonstrated that this approach was more effective at eliciting antigen specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, and provided a significant but limited survival benefit in an endogenous mouse model of HER2+ BC compared to a HER2-wild type vaccine.
Methods: In our current study, we explored the use of this modified antigen construct using different vaccine modalities, including DNA plasmid, adenoviral (Ad), modified vaccinia ankara (MVA), and self-replicating RNA vaccines to identify effective vaccine platforms to elicit HER2-specific immunity and anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, we have tested the combination of these modalities in homologous and heterologous vaccine boosting regimens to determine an optimal strategy to elicit anti-tumor immunity in vivo.
Results: In our studies, plasmid and MVA vectors elicited suboptimal immune priming responses, in comparison to Ad and self-replicating RNA vectors that elicit significant HER2-specific T and B cell responses upon vaccination. While timing of boosting is critical, our results reflect that certain platforms (e.g., plasmid DNA vectors) are capable of homologous boosting capacity, while others (e.g., Ad vectors) elicit more robust T and B cell responses to capsid epitopes, limiting homologous boosting capacity for HER2-specific immunity. Significantly, using an endogenous model of metastatic HER2+ BC, we have found that heterologous vaccination with different HER2-LAMP targeted vectors can elicit significantly augmented HER2-specific T and B cell responses that translated into more effective anti-tumor immunity. This immunity proved capable of eliciting tumor regression in ~80% of vaccinated mice, compared to 0% using homologous HER2-WT plasmid vaccination, 30% using homologous HER2-LAMP plasmid vaccination, or 50% with HER2-WT heterologous vaccination.
Conclusions: These data demonstrate the potential of utilizing heterologous vaccine platforms encoding LAMP-based endolysosomal trafficking vaccines to elicit HER2-specific immunity and effect anti-tumor responses.
Citation Format: Robert D. Marek, Alan Chen, Renhuan Xu, Junping Wei, Tao Wang, Xiao Yang, Gangjun Lei, Teri Heiland, Zachary C. Hartman. Vaccination using different platforms encoding HER2-LAMP with heterologous boosting enhances adaptive HER2-specific immunity to enable potent anti-tumor responses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3564.
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Panek WK, Murdoch DM, Gruen ME, Mowat FM, Marek RD, Olby NJ. Plasma Amyloid Beta Concentrations in Aged and Cognitively Impaired Pet Dogs. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:483-489. [PMID: 32970242 PMCID: PMC7855498 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Longevity-associated neurological disorders have been observed across human and canine aging populations. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) represent comparable diseases affecting both species as they age. Translational diagnostic and therapeutic research is needed for these incurable diseases. The amyloid β (Aβ) peptide family are AD-associated peptides with identical amino acid sequences between dogs and humans. Plasma Aβ42 concentration increases with age and decreases with AD in humans, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration decreases in AD and correlates inversely with the amyloid load within the brain. Similarly, CSF Aβ42 concentrations decrease in dogs with CDS but there is limited and conflicting information on plasma Aβ42 concentrations in aging dogs and dogs with CDS. We measured plasma concentrations of Aβ42 and Aβ40 with an ultrasensitive single-molecule array assay (SIMOA) in a population of healthy aging dogs of different life stages (n = 36) and dogs affected with CDS (n = 11). In addition, the ratio of Aβ42/β40 was calculated. The mean plasma concentrations of Aβ42 and Aβ40 increased significantly with age (r2 = 0.27, p = 0.001; and r2 = 0.42, p < 0.001, respectively) and with life stage: puppy/junior group (0.43-2 years): 1.23 ± 0.95 and 38.26 ± 49.43 pg/mL; adult/mature group (2.1-9 years): 10.99 ± 5.45 and 131.05 ± 80.17 pg/mL; geriatric/senior group (9.3-14.5 years): 18.65 ± 16.65 and 192.88 ± 146.38 pg/mL, respectively. Concentrations of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in dogs with CDS (11.0-15.6 years) were significantly lower than age-matched healthy dogs at 11.61 ± 6.39 and 150.23 ± 98.2 pg/mL (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.001), respectively. Our findings suggest the dynamics of canine plasma amyloid concentrations are analogous to that found in aging humans with and without AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - David M Murdoch
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Freya M Mowat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Robert D Marek
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Panek WK, Gruen ME, Murdoch DM, Marek RD, Stachel AF, Mowat FM, Saker KE, Olby NJ. Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain as a Translational Biomarker of Aging and Neurodegeneration in Dogs. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3143-3149. [PMID: 32472519 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age is a primary risk factor for multiple comorbidities including neurodegenerative diseases. Pet dogs and humans represent two populations that have experienced a significant increase in average life expectancy over the last century. A higher prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases has been observed across both species, and human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have canine analogs, canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD), and degenerative myelopathy (DM) respectively. In humans, protein biomarkers have proved useful in the prediction and diagnosis of neurodegeneration. Molecular signatures of many proteins are highly conserved across species. In this study, we explored the potential of the neuronal cytoskeletal protein neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker of neuro-aging in dogs using an ultrasensitive single-molecule array assay to measure plasma concentrations. Healthy dogs of different ages and dogs affected with CCD and DM were evaluated. The mean plasma NfL concentrations in the different age groups of the healthy population were as follows: 4.55 ± 1.70 pg/mL in puppy/junior group (0.43-2 years), 13.51 ± 6.8 pg/mL in adult/mature group (2.1-9 years), and 47.1 ± 12.68 pg/mL in geriatric/senior group (9.3-14.5 years). Concentrations in dogs with DM (7.5-12.6 years) and CCD (11.0-15.6 years) were 84.17 ± 53.57 pg/mL and 100.73 ± 83.72 pg/mL, respectively. Plasma NfL increases in an age-dependent manner and is significantly elevated in dogs diagnosed with neurodegenerative disease. This work identified plasma NfL as a key clinical index of neuro-aging and neurodegeneration in pet dogs. Our findings mirror recent reports from human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - David M Murdoch
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Robert D Marek
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Alexandra F Stachel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Freya M Mowat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Korinn E Saker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Trotter TN, Shuptrine CW, Tsao LC, Marek RD, Acharya C, Wei JP, Yang XY, Lei G, Wang T, Lyerly HK, Hartman ZC. IL26, a Noncanonical Mediator of DNA Inflammatory Stimulation, Promotes TNBC Engraftment and Progression in Association with Neutrophils. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3088-3100. [PMID: 32366475 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
IL26 is a unique amphipathic member of the IL10 family of cytokines that participates in inflammatory signaling through a canonical receptor pathway. It also directly binds DNA to facilitate cellular transduction and intracellular inflammatory signaling. Although IL26 has almost no described role in cancer, our in vivo screen of inflammatory and cytokine pathway genes revealed IL26 to be one of the most significant inflammatory mediators of mammary engraftment and lung metastatic growth in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Examination of human breast cancers demonstrated elevated IL26 transcripts in TNBC specimens, specifically in tumor cells as well as in Th17 CD4+ T cells within clinical TNBC specimens. IL26 did not have an autocrine effect on human TNBC cells, but rather its effect on engraftment and growth in vivo required neutrophils. IL26 enhanced mouse-derived DNA induction of inflammatory cytokines, which were collectively important for mammary and metastatic lung engraftment. To neutralize this effect, we developed a novel IL26 vaccine to stimulate antibody production and suppress IL26-enhanced engraftment in vivo, suggesting that targeting this inflammatory amplifier could be a unique means to control cancer-promoting inflammation in TNBC and other autoimmune diseases. Thus, we identified IL26 as a novel key modulator of TNBC metastasis and a potential therapeutic target in TNBC as well as other diseases reliant upon IL26-mediated inflammatory stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify IL26 as a unique, clinically relevant, inflammatory amplifier that enhances TNBC engraftment and dissemination in association with neutrophils, which has potential as a therapeutic target. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/15/3088/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Chung Tsao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert D Marek
- Department of Pathology/Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jun-Ping Wei
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gangjun Lei
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Zachary C Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. .,Department of Pathology/Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Lopez Domowicz DA, Welsby I, Esther CR, Zhu H, Marek RD, Lee G, Shah N, Poisson JL, McMahon TJ. Effects of repleting organic phosphates in banked erythrocytes on plasma metabolites and vasoactive mediators after red cell exchange transfusion in sickle cell disease. Blood Transfus 2020; 18:200-207. [PMID: 32203007 PMCID: PMC7250688 DOI: 10.2450/2020.0237-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell (RBC) exchange (RCE) transfusion therapy is indicated for certain patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Although beneficial, this therapy is costly and inconvenient to patients, who may require it monthly or more often. Identification of blood and plasma biomarkers that could improve or help individualise RCE therapy is of interest. Here we examined relevant blood and plasma metabolites and biomarkers of vasoactivity and RBC fragility in a pilot study of SCD patients undergoing RCE using either standard RBC units or RBC units treated with a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved additive solution containing phosphate, inosine, pyruvate, and adenine ("PIPA"). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, single-blind, cross-over pilot clinical trial, patients were randomised to receive either standard RBC exchange or PIPA-treated RBC exchange transfusion with each RCE session over a 6-month treatment period. Pre- and post-transfusion blood samples were obtained and analysed for RBC O2 affinity, ATP, purine metabolites, RBC microparticles, and cell free haemoglobin. RESULTS Red blood cell O2 affinity was maintained after PIPA-RCE in contrast to standard RCE, after which P50 fell (net O2 affinity rose). Plasma ATP did not change significantly after RCE using either of the RBC unit types. Exchange transfusion with PIPA-treated RBC units led to modest increases in plasma inosine and hypoxanthine. Plasma cell free haemoglobin fell after either standard or PIPA-treated RBC exchange transfusion (novel findings), and to a similar extent. RBC-derived microparticles in the plasma fell significantly and similarly after both standard and PIPA-treated RCE transfusion. DISCUSSION In summary, treatment of RBCs with PIPA prior to RCE elicited favourable or neutral changes in key metabolic and vascular biomarkers. Further study of its efficacy and safety is recommended and could ultimately serve to improve outcomes in chronically transfused SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Welsby
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Esther
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Marek
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Nirmish Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Poisson
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Tim J. McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Durham Vetern Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States of America
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