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Roberts R. Editorial commentary: Genetics keeps on giving: A possible vaccine for heart disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024; 34:223-224. [PMID: 36868444 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- Director of the Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 500 W. Thomas Rd., Suite 980, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States.
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2
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Ruel M, Roberts R. Introduction to the coronary artery surgery section. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:463. [PMID: 37792555 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
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3
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McNair M, Porter M, Isaacs T, Pillay K, Williams G, Roberts R, Peter J, Lehloenya RJ. Lichenoid drug eruption in patients on anti-TB therapy in a high HIV prevalence setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:643-645. [PMID: 37491745 PMCID: PMC10365564 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Porter
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - T Isaacs
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - K Pillay
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | | | - R Roberts
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - J Peter
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R J Lehloenya
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences
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4
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Nwaneri D, Ifebi E, Oviawe OO, Roberts R, Parker R, Rich E, Yoder A, Kempeneer J, Ibadin M. Effects of Integrated Vector Management in the Control of Malaria Infection: An Intervention Study in a Malaria Endemic Community in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:44-54. [PMID: 36716288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Malaria is a vector borne disease with high morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. In view to eliminating the disease, integrated vector and environmental hygiene practices have been advocated. There is paucity of studies on the effect of vector control measures on asymptomatic malaria infection which has been observed to be a reflection of malaria transmission. METHODS Longitudinal community-based intervention study carried out from October to December 2017. Study participants were 477 individuals living in 100 households selected by snow-balling sampling methods. Pre-intervention period included training of all heads of households on vector control methods. During the intervention period, each household received waste bins, two long lasting insecticide bed nets and had wire screen on their doors and windows; every household member was screened for malaria (antigen) using the pf rapid diagnostic test kits. Each household were monitored to ensure they comply with the environmental hygiene practices they were taught. Post-intervention malaria infection was obtained at 8 week being end of the intervention period. RESULTS Of the 100 households selected, 54.0% were from the lower social class, 45.0% middle class and only 1.0% upper class. Mean age [±] of the heads of the households was 37.1 ± 11.0 (range 16-68) years. There were 477 individuals recruited in the study from the 100 households; 234 (49.0%) females and 243 (51.0%) males; median age was 20.0 (range 1-100) years. Prevalence of malaria infection using mRDT during pre-intervention was 16.8% and an incidence of 1.3% post-intervention. There was 92.0% reduction in asymptomatic malaria infection showing marked reduction in malaria transmission in the study locale. CONCLUSION Some integrated vector control measures such as use of insecticide-treated net and sanitation were found effective methods for reducing malaria infection and transmission in endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nwaneri
- Development of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - E Ifebi
- Accident and Emergency Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - O O Oviawe
- Accident and Emergency Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - R Roberts
- Development Africa, Lagos, Dupe Oguntade St., Lekki Phase 1, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - R Parker
- Development Africa, Lagos, Dupe Oguntade St., Lekki Phase 1, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - E Rich
- Development Africa, Lagos, Dupe Oguntade St., Lekki Phase 1, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A Yoder
- Development Africa, Lagos, Dupe Oguntade St., Lekki Phase 1, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - J Kempeneer
- Development Africa, Lagos, Dupe Oguntade St., Lekki Phase 1, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - M Ibadin
- Development of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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5
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Do LG, Spencer AJ, Sawyer A, Jones A, Leary S, Roberts R, Ha DH. Early Childhood Exposures to Fluorides and Child Behavioral Development and Executive Function: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. J Dent Res 2023; 102:28-36. [PMID: 36214232 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221119431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to both protect the healthy development and maintain the oral health of the child population. The study examined the effect of early childhood exposures to water fluoridation on measures of school-age executive functioning and emotional and behavioral development in a population-based sample. This longitudinal follow-up study used information from Australia's National Child Oral Health Study 2012-14. Children aged 5 to 10 y at baseline were contacted again after 7 to 8 y, before they had turned 18 y of age. Percent lifetime exposed to fluoridated water (%LEFW) from birth to the age 5 y was estimated from residential history and postcode-level fluoride levels in public tap water. Measures of children's emotional and behavioral development were assessed by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and executive functioning was measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Multivariable regression models were generated to compare the associations between the exposure and the primary outcomes and controlled for covariates. An equivalence test was also conducted to compare the primary outcomes of those who had 100% LEFW against those with 0% LEFW. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted. A total of 2,682 children completed the SDQ and BRIEF, with mean scores of 7.0 (95% confidence interval, 6.6-7.4) and 45.3 (44.7-45.8), respectively. Those with lower %LEFW tended to have poorer scores of the SDQ and BRIEF. Multivariable regression models reported no association between exposure to fluoridated water and the SDQ and BRIEF scores. Low household income, identifying as Indigenous, and having a neurodevelopmental diagnosis were associated with poorer SDQ/BRIEF scores. An equivalence test confirmed that the SDQ/BRIEF scores among those with 100% LEFW were equivalent to that of those who had 0% LEFW. Exposure to fluoridated water during the first 5 y of life was not associated with altered measures of child emotional and behavioral development and executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Do
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A J Spencer
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A Sawyer
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A Jones
- School of Population and Global Health, Population and Public Health, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | - S Leary
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D H Ha
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Aragam KG, Jiang T, Goel A, Kanoni S, Wolford BN, Atri DS, Weeks EM, Wang M, Hindy G, Zhou W, Grace C, Roselli C, Marston NA, Kamanu FK, Surakka I, Venegas LM, Sherliker P, Koyama S, Ishigaki K, Åsvold BO, Brown MR, Brumpton B, de Vries PS, Giannakopoulou O, Giardoglou P, Gudbjartsson DF, Güldener U, Haider SMI, Helgadottir A, Ibrahim M, Kastrati A, Kessler T, Kyriakou T, Konopka T, Li L, Ma L, Meitinger T, Mucha S, Munz M, Murgia F, Nielsen JB, Nöthen MM, Pang S, Reinberger T, Schnitzler G, Smedley D, Thorleifsson G, von Scheidt M, Ulirsch JC, Arnar DO, Burtt NP, Costanzo MC, Flannick J, Ito K, Jang DK, Kamatani Y, Khera AV, Komuro I, Kullo IJ, Lotta LA, Nelson CP, Roberts R, Thorgeirsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Webb TR, Baras A, Björkegren JLM, Boerwinkle E, Dedoussis G, Holm H, Hveem K, Melander O, Morrison AC, Orho-Melander M, Rallidis LS, Ruusalepp A, Sabatine MS, Stefansson K, Zalloua P, Ellinor PT, Farrall M, Danesh J, Ruff CT, Finucane HK, Hopewell JC, Clarke R, Gupta RM, Erdmann J, Samani NJ, Schunkert H, Watkins H, Willer CJ, Deloukas P, Kathiresan S, Butterworth AS. Discovery and systematic characterization of risk variants and genes for coronary artery disease in over a million participants. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1803-1815. [PMID: 36474045 PMCID: PMC9729111 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of genetic loci associated with complex diseases has outpaced the elucidation of mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) comprising 181,522 cases among 1,165,690 participants of predominantly European ancestry. We detected 241 associations, including 30 new loci. Cross-ancestry meta-analysis with a Japanese GWAS yielded 38 additional new loci. We prioritized likely causal variants using functionally informed fine-mapping, yielding 42 associations with less than five variants in the 95% credible set. Similarity-based clustering suggested roles for early developmental processes, cell cycle signaling and vascular cell migration and proliferation in the pathogenesis of CAD. We prioritized 220 candidate causal genes, combining eight complementary approaches, including 123 supported by three or more approaches. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we experimentally validated the effect of an enhancer in MYO9B, which appears to mediate CAD risk by regulating vascular cell motility. Our analysis identifies and systematically characterizes >250 risk loci for CAD to inform experimental interrogation of putative causal mechanisms for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna G Aragam
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Tao Jiang
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anuj Goel
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Brooke N Wolford
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deepak S Atri
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elle M Weeks
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Minxian Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Grace
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Marston
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederick K Kamanu
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Loreto Muñoz Venegas
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Sherliker
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ben Brumpton
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Panagiota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulrich Güldener
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Syed M Ijlal Haider
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Maysson Ibrahim
- CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tomasz Konopka
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ling Li
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sören Mucha
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Federico Murgia
- CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonas B Nielsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shichao Pang
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Reinberger
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gavin Schnitzler
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Damian Smedley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Moritz von Scheidt
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - David O Arnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria C Costanzo
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Dong-Keun Jang
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amit V Khera
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Luca A Lotta
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert Roberts
- Cardiovascular Genomics and Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicin, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas R Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden.,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marc S Sabatine
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pierre Zalloua
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Farrall
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Danesh
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.,The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Saffron Walden, UK.,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian T Ruff
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jemma C Hopewell
- CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Clarke
- CTSU-Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- German Heart Centre Munich, Department of Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Adam S Butterworth
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK. .,The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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AL-Hashimi S, Roberts R, Weatherhead S, Rider A, Casement J, Werner A, Reynolds N. 343 Endogenous double-stranded RNA is a potential target for psoriasis therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Rockley K, Roberts R, Morton M. P12-53 A combined in vitro approach for early seizure prediction utilising human derived induced pluripotent stem cells and human ion channel assays. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Sidaway J, Sikakana P, Haynes B, Ge H, Roberts R. SOC-III-05 What are the common predicted toxicities from target safety assessments? Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Mahlanza T, Makwarela L, Roberts R, van der Merwe M. Occurrence of the Iflavirus-like Tomato Matilda Virus in Solanum Species in South Africa. Plant Dis 2022; 106:PDIS03210613PDN. [PMID: 34784754 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0613-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Mahlanza
- Plant Microbiology Division, Agricultural Research Council-Plant Health and Protection, Pretoria 0121, South Africa
| | - L Makwarela
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0184, South Africa
| | - R Roberts
- Plant Microbiology Division, Agricultural Research Council-Plant Health and Protection, Pretoria 0121, South Africa
| | - M van der Merwe
- Plant Microbiology Division, Agricultural Research Council-Plant Health and Protection, Pretoria 0121, South Africa
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Baliga S, Matsui J, Klamer B, Cetnar A, Ewing A, Cadieux C, Gupta A, Setty B, Roberts R, Cripe T, Scharschmidt T, Aldrink J, Mardis E, Yeager N, Olshefski R, Palmer J. Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Metastatic Pediatric Solid Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) risk increases in proportion to the magnitude and duration of exposure to plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), doubling every additional decade of exposure. Early primary prevention is three times more effective than initiated later. Several clinical trials show plasma LDL-C of 15-40 mg/dL is more effective and equally safe as the Current Cardiovascular Clinical Practice Guidelines (CCCPG) recommended target of 70mg/dL. The cholesterol in the blood is the excess synthesized by the cells and secreted into the blood for disposal in the liver. The CCCPG is inadequate since traditional risk factors (TRF) are not detectable until the sixth and seventh decade. The genetic risk score (GRS) evaluated in 1 million individuals as a risk stratifier for CAD is superior to TRF. Genetic risk for CAD was reduced by 30-50% by statin therapy, PCSK9 inhibitors, and lifestyle changes. The GRS does not change during one's lifetime and is inexpensive. Incorporating genetic risk stratification into CCCPG would induce a paradigm shift in the primary prevention of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, USA. .,School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, USA. .,Dignity Health, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 500 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Jacques Fair
- College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, USA.,School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, USA.,Dignity Health, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 500 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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13
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Abstract
Epidemiologists have claimed for decades that about 50% of predisposition for coronary artery disease (CAD) is genetic. Advances in technology made possible the discovery of hundreds of genetic risk variants predisposing to CAD. Multiple clinical trials have shown that cardiac events can be prevented by drugs to lower plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). A major barrier to primary prevention is the lack of markers to identify those individuals at risk prior to the development of symptoms of the disease. Conventional risk factors are age-dependent, occurring mostly in the sixth or seventh decade, which is less than desirable for early primary prevention. A polygenic risk score, derived from the number of genetic risk variants predisposing to CAD inherited by an individual, has been evaluated in over 1 million individuals. The risk for CAD is stratified into high, intermediate, and low. Polygenic risk scores derived from retrospective genotyping of several clinical trials evaluating the effect of statin therapy or PCSK9 inhibitors show the genetic risk is reduced 40%-50% by decreasing plasma LDL-C. Prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials document a 40%-50% reduction in cardiac events in individuals at high genetic risk associated with favorable lifestyle changes and increased physical activity. The polygenic risk score is not age-dependent and remains the same throughout life. Thus, the GRS is superior to conventional risk factors in identifying asymptomatic individuals at risk for CAD early in life for primary prevention. These results indicate clinical embracement of the GRS in primary prevention would be a paradigm shift in the treatment of the number one killer, CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- College of Medicine, Phoenix, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jacques Fair
- College of Medicine, Phoenix, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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14
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Marian AJ, Asatryan B, Bolli R, Cheedipudi SM, Dhalla NS, Finkel T, Frangogiannis NG, Gurha P, Belmonte JCI, Hare JM, Hong K, Kirshenbaum LA, Lee RT, Leesar MA, Libby P, Madonna R, Nagueh SF, Roberts R, Rosenzweig A, Rouhi L, Sadoshima J, Sussman MA, Taffet GE, Tanaka H, Torella D, Wang Y, Wang DW. Editors' Preamble to The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging. J Cardiovasc Aging 2021; 1. [PMID: 34327514 PMCID: PMC8318349 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2021.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Babken Asatryan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspita, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Sirisha M Cheedipudi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | | - Priyatansh Gurha
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Massoud A Leesar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Sherif F Nagueh
- Department of Cardiology, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Dignity Health at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leila Rouhi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Mark Alan Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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15
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Roberts R, Chang CC, Hadley T. Genetic Risk Stratification: A Paradigm Shift in Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:287-304. [PMID: 33778213 PMCID: PMC7987546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CAD is a pandemic that can be prevented. Conventional risk factors are inadequate to detect who is at risk early in the asymptomatic stage. Genetic risk for CAD can be determined at birth, and those at highest genetic risk have been shown to respond to lifestyle changes and statin therapy with a 40% to 50% reduction in cardiac events. Genetic risk stratification for CAD should be brought to the bedside in an attempt to prevent this pandemic disease.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a pandemic disease that is highly preventable as shown by secondary prevention. Primary prevention is preferred knowing that 50% of the population can expect a cardiac event in their lifetime. Risk stratification for primary prevention using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology predicted 10-year risk based on conventional risk factors for CAD is less than optimal. Conventional risk factors such as hypertension, cholesterol, and age are age-dependent and not present until the sixth or seventh decade of life. The genetic risk score (GRS), which is estimated from the recently discovered genetic variants predisposed to CAD, offers a potential solution to this dilemma. The GRS, which is derived from genotyping the population with a microarray containing these genetic risk variants, has indicated that genetic risk stratification based on the GRS is superior to that of conventional risk factors in detecting those at high risk and who would benefit most from statin therapy. Studies performed in >1 million individuals confirmed genetic risk stratification is superior and primarily independent of conventional risk factors. Prospective clinical trials based on risk stratification for CAD using the GRS have shown lifestyle changes, physical activity, and statin therapy are associated with 40% to 50% reduction in cardiac events in the high genetic risk group (20%). Genetic risk stratification has the advantage of being innate to an individual’s DNA, and because DNA does not change in a lifetime, it is independent of age. Genetic risk stratification is inexpensive and can be performed worldwide, providing risk analysis at any age and thus has the potential to revolutionize primary prevention.
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Key Words
- ACC, American College of Cardiology
- AHA, American Heart Association
- ANRIL, antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locust
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- GRS, genetic risk score
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MR, Mendelian randomization
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- bp, base pair
- cardiovascular genetics
- coronary artery disease
- genetic risk score for CAD
- genome-wide association studies
- prevention of CAD
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Dignity Health at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Chih Chao Chang
- Department of Medicine, Dignity Health at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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16
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Voronin GL, Ning G, Coupland JN, Roberts R, Harte FM. Freezing kinetics and microstructure of ice cream from high-pressure-jet processing of ice cream mix. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:2843-2854. [PMID: 33461820 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high-pressure-jet (HPJ) processing (0-500 MPa) on low-fat (6% fat) ice cream was studied by evaluating physiochemical properties before freezing, during dynamic freezing, and after hardening. An HPJ treatment ≥400 MPa decreased the density, increased the apparent size of colloidal particles, and altered rheological behavior (increased non-Newtonian behavior and consistency coefficients) of low-fat ice cream mix before freezing. During dynamic freezing, the particle size and consistency coefficient decreased but remained higher in 400 MPa-treated samples vs. non-HPJ-treated controls at the conclusion of freezing. The resulting ice creams (400 and 500 MPa-treated) had similar hardness values (3,372 ± 25 and 3,825 ± 14 g) and increased melting rates (2.91 ± 0.13 and 2.61 ± 0.31 g/min) compared with a control sample containing polysorbate 80 (3,887 ± 2 and 1.62 ± 0.25 g/min). Visualization of ice cream samples using transmission electron microscopy provided evidence of casein micelle and fat droplet disruption by HPJ treatment ≥400 MPa. In the 400 MPa-treated samples, a unique microstructure consisting of dispersed protein congregated around coalesced fat globules likely contributed to the altered physiochemical properties of this ice cream. High-pressure-jet processing can alter the microstructure, rheological properties, and hardness of a low-fat ice cream, and further modification of the formulation and processing parameters may allow the development of products with enhanced properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Voronin
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - G Ning
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - J N Coupland
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - R Roberts
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - F M Harte
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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17
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Oropeza D, Roberts R, Hart A. A modular testbed for mechanized spreading of powder layers for additive manufacturing. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:015114. [PMID: 33514203 PMCID: PMC7880620 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Powder bed additive manufacturing (AM) processes, including binder jetting (BJAM) and powder bed fusion (PBF), can manufacture complex three-dimensional components from a variety of materials. A fundamental understanding of the spreading of thin powder layers is essential to develop robust process parameters for powder bed AM and to assess the influence of powder feedstock characteristics on the subsequent process outcomes. Toward meeting these needs, this work presents the design, fabrication, and qualification of a testbed for modular, mechanized, multi-layer powder spreading. The testbed is designed to replicate the operating conditions of commercial AM equipment, yet features full control over motion parameters including the translation and rotation of a roller spreading tool and precision motion of a feed piston and the build platform. The powder spreading mechanism is interchangeable and therefore can be customized, including the capability for dispensing of fine, cohesive powders using a vibrating hopper. Validation of the resolution and accuracy of the machine and its subsystems, as well as the spreading of exemplary layers from a range of powder sizes typical of BJAM and PBF processes, are described. The precision engineered testbed can therefore enable the optimization of powder spreading parameters for AM and correlation to build process parameters in future work, as well as exploration of spreading of specialized powders for AM and other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Oropeza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - R. Roberts
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrery, 64849, Mexico
| | - A.J. Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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18
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Roberts R, Borley A, Hanna L, Dolan G, Ganesh S, Williams EM. Identifying Risk Factors for Anthracycline Chemotherapy-induced Phlebitis in Women with Breast Cancer: An Observational Study. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 33:230-240. [PMID: 33308947 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Anthracycline chemotherapy administered via a peripheral cannula results in severe anthracycline chemotherapy-induced phlebitis (ACIP) in about 20-30% of patients. Administering chemotherapy via a central venous catheter (CVC) prevents ACIP. However, CVCs are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and sepsis. Our aim was to identify risk factors associated with severe ACIP and to provide evidence about the individual risk of developing symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective observational study of 263 women with breast cancer receiving peripheral administration of anthracycline chemotherapy at a UK cancer centre was conducted between May 2016 and January 2018. Data were collected at baseline and every 3 weeks following each chemotherapy treatment, using both healthcare professional- and participant-reported symptom assessments. RESULTS After three cycles of chemotherapy, 27% of participants experienced severe ACIP. Factors associated with symptom severity were identified as: arm used for chemotherapy administration, epirubicin dose, age, pre-existing hypertension, comorbidity, ethnic group and pain during chemotherapy administration. The sequence of arm used for chemotherapy administration was the single most significant factor (P < 0.001). When alternating arms were used no other risk factor was influential. Where alternating arms were not used, younger age and higher dose were associated with higher-grade symptoms, with age being more influential than dose. The cumulative effect of increasing symptom severity with repeated cycles was also identified (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION It is recommended that a CVC is not routinely required for women with breast cancer who have not undergone an axillary node clearance and receive chemotherapy in alternate arms. The need for a CVC for women who are planned to receive all anthracycline chemotherapy cycles in the same arm should be assessed in the light of peripheral venous access assessment and the key risk factors of age, dose and number of cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roberts
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK.
| | - A Borley
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Hanna
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - G Dolan
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - S Ganesh
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - E M Williams
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, Arizona.
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20
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Roberts R, Chang CC. A Journey through Genetic Architecture and Predisposition of Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:382-398. [PMID: 33093801 PMCID: PMC7536803 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200630145241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To halt the spread of coronary artery disease (CAD), the number one killer in the world, requires primary prevention. Fifty percent of all Americans are expected to experience a cardiac event; the challenge is identifying those at risk. 40 to 60% of predisposition to CAD is genetic. The first genetic risk variant, 9p21, was discovered in 2007. Genome-Wide Association Studies has since discovered hundreds of genetic risk variants. The genetic burden for CAD can be expressed as a single number, Genetic Risk Score (GRS). Assessment of GRS to risk stratify for CAD was superior to conventional risk factors in several large clinical trials assessing statin therapy, and more recently in a population of nearly 500,000 (UK Biobank). Studies were performed based on prospective genetic risk stratification for CAD. These studies showed that a favorable lifestyle was associated with a 46% reduction in cardiac events and programmed exercise, a 50% reduction in cardiac events. Genetic risk score is superior to conventional risk factors, and is markedly attenuated by lifestyle changes and drug therapy. Genetic risk can be determined at birth or any time thereafter. Conclusion Utilizing the GRS to risk stratify young, asymptomatic individuals could provide a paradigm shift in the primary prevention of CAD and significantly halt its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- 1Cardiovascular Genomics & Genetics, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 2Cardiovascular Genomics & Genetics, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chih Chao Chang
- 1Cardiovascular Genomics & Genetics, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 2Cardiovascular Genomics & Genetics, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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21
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Voronin GL, Roberts R, Felix TL, Coupland JN, Harte FM. Effect of high-pressure-jet processing on the physiochemical properties of low-fat ice cream mix. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6003-6014. [PMID: 32307154 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to use high-pressure-jet (HPJ) processing to produce functional properties in a low-fat (4.5% fat) ice cream mix similar to those seen when emulsifiers are used. Ice cream mix or serum (nonfat portion of the ice cream mix) were subjected to 200 or 400 MPa HPJ processing and compared with a non-HPJ-treated control. A similar non-HPJ-treated formulation but containing polysorbate 80 (0.075% wt/wt) was also used as a control. The mix samples were characterized in terms of their particle size, density, flow properties, stability, crystallization kinetics, and fat-protein interactions. The sample from the mix subjected to 400 MPa HPJ processing (HPJ-M-400) had increased consistency coefficient (5°C; 228 ± 102.7 mPa·s) and particle size (D[4,3]; 16.0 ± 2.5 μm) compared with the non-HPJ-treated control sample, with viscosity and particle size (volume-moment mean diameter, D[4,3]) values of 7.5 ± 0.4 mPa·s and 0.50 ± 0.1 μm, respectively. These differences were attributed to an increase in casein-fat interactions and casein-casein interactions caused by the 400 MPa HPJ treatment, which were observed using confocal scanning laser microscopy and inferred from an increase in protein and fat concentrations in the sediment after ultracentrifugation. Interestingly, the density of HPJ-M-400 was also lower (0.79 ± 0.17 g/mL) than that of the control (1.04 ± 0.00 g/mL) because bubbles were trapped within these complexes. The large casein-fat complexes formed in the HPJ-M-400 sample also appeared to act as steric barriers that slowed ice crystal growth during quiescent freezing. The alterations in physiochemical properties and apparent ice crystal growth induced by the 400 MPa treatment of low-fat ice cream mix have many potential applications, including clean-label confections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Voronin
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - Robert Roberts
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - Tara L Felix
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - John N Coupland
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - Federico M Harte
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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22
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Abo B, Roberts R. Severe envenomation from a canebrake rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) leading to cardiovascular collapse with full recovery. Toxicon 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Ragin C, Oliver JS, Cabral DN, Harlemon M, Louden D, Morrison-Blidgen BF, Alleyne-Mike K, Ashing K, Butler R, Gathere S, George S, Halliday D, Jackson M, Odero-Marah V, Roach V, Roberts R, Slewion S. African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium Scientific and Training Conference 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 26:e785-e790. [PMID: 31896949 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.5305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The sixth International African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) Conference was held 6-9 October 2017 in Miami, Florida, U.S.A. The conference was open to all researchers, trainees, clinical and public health professionals, and community members, and served as an international hub for the United States, the Caribbean, and Africa. Sessions included AC3 collaboration meetings, cancer surveillance and research skills training workshops, and a community cancer prevention conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ragin
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George)
| | - J S Oliver
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George)
| | - D N Cabral
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George)
| | - M Harlemon
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George)
| | - D Louden
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Caribbean: Partnership for Public Engagement, The Valley, Anguilla (Louden); Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Morrison-Blidgen); North West Regional Health Authority, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Alleyne-Mike); School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas (Butler, Halliday, Roberts); Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Jackson); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (Roach)
| | - B F Morrison-Blidgen
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Caribbean: Partnership for Public Engagement, The Valley, Anguilla (Louden); Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Morrison-Blidgen); North West Regional Health Authority, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Alleyne-Mike); School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas (Butler, Halliday, Roberts); Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Jackson); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (Roach)
| | - K Alleyne-Mike
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Caribbean: Partnership for Public Engagement, The Valley, Anguilla (Louden); Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Morrison-Blidgen); North West Regional Health Authority, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Alleyne-Mike); School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas (Butler, Halliday, Roberts); Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Jackson); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (Roach)
| | - K Ashing
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George)
| | - R Butler
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Caribbean: Partnership for Public Engagement, The Valley, Anguilla (Louden); Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Morrison-Blidgen); North West Regional Health Authority, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Alleyne-Mike); School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas (Butler, Halliday, Roberts); Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Jackson); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (Roach)
| | - S Gathere
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Africa: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya (Gathere); and Liberia National Cancer Registry, Monrovia, Liberia (Slewion)
| | - S George
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George)
| | - D Halliday
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Caribbean: Partnership for Public Engagement, The Valley, Anguilla (Louden); Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Morrison-Blidgen); North West Regional Health Authority, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Alleyne-Mike); School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas (Butler, Halliday, Roberts); Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Jackson); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (Roach)
| | - M Jackson
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Caribbean: Partnership for Public Engagement, The Valley, Anguilla (Louden); Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Morrison-Blidgen); North West Regional Health Authority, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Alleyne-Mike); School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas (Butler, Halliday, Roberts); Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Jackson); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (Roach)
| | - V Odero-Marah
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George)
| | - V Roach
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Caribbean: Partnership for Public Engagement, The Valley, Anguilla (Louden); Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Morrison-Blidgen); North West Regional Health Authority, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Alleyne-Mike); School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas (Butler, Halliday, Roberts); Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Jackson); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (Roach)
| | - R Roberts
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Caribbean: Partnership for Public Engagement, The Valley, Anguilla (Louden); Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Morrison-Blidgen); North West Regional Health Authority, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Alleyne-Mike); School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas (Butler, Halliday, Roberts); Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica (Jackson); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (Roach)
| | - S Slewion
- United States: Cancer Prevent ion and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Ragin); African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, (Alleyne-Mike, Ashing, Butler, Cabral, Gathere, George, Halliday, Harlemon, Jackson, Louden, Morrison-Blidgen, Odero-Marah, Oliver, Ragin, Roach, Roberts, Slewion); Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (Oliver); California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA (Cabral); Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA (Harlemon, Odero-Marah); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA (Ashing); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL (George).,Africa: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya (Gathere); and Liberia National Cancer Registry, Monrovia, Liberia (Slewion)
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Hronis A, Roberts R, Roberts L, Kneebone I. Potential for children with intellectual disability to engage in cognitive behaviour therapy: the parent perspective. J Intellect Disabil Res 2020; 64:62-67. [PMID: 31659831 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to obtain the opinions of parents and carers of children with intellectual disability (ID) as to whether cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) could be useful for their children. METHODS A mixed qualitative and quantitative method was employed. Twenty-one carers of children aged 10 to 17 having borderline to moderate intellectual functioning responded to an online questionnaire. Participants were provided with information about CBT and asked to respond to open-ended questions. Quantitative data pertained to questions about their child's ability to identify and describe thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Thematic analysis of responses was conducted using an inductive method of identifying themes from the qualitative data collected. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: Emotional Attunement (i.e. parent's understanding and recognition of their child's emotions), Role of the Therapist (i.e. ways therapists could facilitate the intervention), Role of the Parent (i.e. ways parents could engage in the therapy process), Anticipated Obstacles (i.e. what may get in the way of the therapy) and Suggested Adaptations for Therapy (i.e. how CBT can be adapted to suit the needs of children with ID). Seventy-six per cent agreed that their child would be able to engage in CBT with assistance. CONCLUSIONS The majority of parents believed that CBT is an intervention that children with ID could engage in, provided the therapy is adapted, and the therapist accommodates their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hronis
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - R Roberts
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - L Roberts
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - I Kneebone
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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Eleftheriadou I, Brett S, Domogala A, Patasic L, Kijewska M, Soor K, Georgouli M, Dopierala J, Fisher P, Jing J, Euesden J, Auger K, Roberts R, O’Sullivan S, Castelletti L, Damm M, Pankov D, Johnson L, Shalabi A, Britten C. NY-ESO-1 and LAGE1A: An emerging target for cell therapies in solid tumours. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kocher H, Basu B, Froeling F, Sarker D, Slater S, Carlin D, Coetzee C, de Souza N, Goulart M, Hughes C, Imrali A, Lawrence C, Mousa K, North B, Prendergast A, Roberts R, Sasieni P, Propper D. STAR-PAC: Phase I clinical trial repurposing all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as stromal targeting agent in a novel drug combination for pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz247.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Roberts R, Weatherhead S, Cockell S, Reynolds N. 532 Role of apoptosis and key canonical pathways in psoriasis plaque clearance in response to UVB phototherapy. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Daoud H, Ghani M, Nfonsam L, Potter R, Ordorica S, Haslett V, Santos N, Derksen H, Lahey D, McGill M, Trudel V, Antoniuk B, Vasli N, Chisholm C, Mettler G, Sinclair-Bourque E, McGowan-Jordan J, Smith A, Roberts R, Jarinova O. Genetic Diagnostic Testing for Inherited Cardiomyopathies: Considerations for Offering Multi-Gene Tests in a Health Care Setting. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:437-448. [PMID: 30731207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies (ICs) are a major cause of heart disease. Given their marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity, the content and clinical utility of IC multi-gene panels has been the topic of continuous debate. Our genetics diagnostic laboratory has been providing clinical diagnostic testing for ICs since 2012. We began by testing nine genes and expanded our panel by fivefold in 2015. Here, we describe the implementation of a cost-effective next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based assay for testing of IC genes, including a protocol that minimizes the amount of Sanger sequencing required to confirm variants identified by NGS, which reduces the cost and time of testing. The NGS assay was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 45 IC genes and was assessed for the impact of panel expansion on variant detection, turnaround time, and cost of testing in a cohort of 993 patients. The assay led to a considerable reduction in test cost and turnaround time. However, only a marginal increase was observed in the diagnostic yield, whereas the rate of inconclusive findings increased considerably. These findings suggest that the ongoing evaluation of gene content and monitoring of clinical utility for multi-gene tests are essential to achieve maximum clinical utility of multi-gene tests in a publicly funded health care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Daoud
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mahdi Ghani
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Landry Nfonsam
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Potter
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley Ordorica
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginia Haslett
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Santos
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Derksen
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donelda Lahey
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martha McGill
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Trudel
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany Antoniuk
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nasim Vasli
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caitlin Chisholm
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Mettler
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jean McGowan-Jordan
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Smith
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Roberts
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Olga Jarinova
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Schwartz JB, Schmader KE, Hanlon JT, Abernethy DR, Gray S, Dunbar-Jacob J, Holmes HM, Murray MD, Roberts R, Joyner M, Peterson J, Lindeman D, Tai-Seale M, Downey L, Rich MW. Pharmacotherapy in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: Report from an American College of Cardiology, American Geriatrics Society, and National Institute on Aging Workshop. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 67:371-380. [PMID: 30536694 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the top priority areas for research to optimize pharmacotherapy in older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD). DESIGN Consensus meeting. SETTING Multidisciplinary workshop supported by the National Institute on Aging, the American College of Cardiology, and the American Geriatrics Society, February 6-7, 2017. PARTICIPANTS Leaders in the Cardiology and Geriatrics communities, (officers in professional societies, journal editors, clinical trialists, Division chiefs), representatives from the NIA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Food and Drug Administration; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, pharmaceutical industry, and trainees and early career faculty with interests in geriatric cardiology. MEASUREMENTS Summary of workshop proceedings and recommendations. RESULTS To better align older adults' healthcare preferences with their care, research is needed to improve skills in patient engagement and communication. Similarly, to coordinate and meet the needs of older adults with multiple comorbidities encountering multiple healthcare providers and systems, systems and disciplines must be integrated. The lack of data from efficacy trials of CVD medications relevant to the majority of older adults creates uncertainty in determining the risks and benefits of many CVD therapies; thus, developing evidence-based guidelines for older adults with CVD is a top research priority. Polypharmacy and medication nonadherence lead to poor outcomes in older people, making research on appropriate prescribing and deprescribing to reduce polypharmacy and methods to improve adherence to beneficial therapies a priority. CONCLUSION The needs and circumstances of older adults with CVD differ from those that the current medical system has been designed to meet. Optimizing pharmacotherapy in older adults will require new data from traditional and pragmatic research to determine optimal CVD therapy, reduce polypharmacy, increase adherence, and meet person-centered goals. Better integration of the multiple systems and disciplines involved in the care of older adults will be essential to implement and disseminate best practices. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:371-380, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice B Schwartz
- Divisions of Geriatrics and Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth E Schmader
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph T Hanlon
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Darrell R Abernethy
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spings, Maryland
| | - Shelly Gray
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Holly M Holmes
- Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael D Murray
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Regenstrief Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Robert Roberts
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael Joyner
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Josh Peterson
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David Lindeman
- CITRIS and the Banatao Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Ming Tai-Seale
- Division of Health Policy, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Laura Downey
- Concordance Health Solutions, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Krannert School of Management, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Michael W Rich
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Abstract
There has been a dearth of new drugs approved for cardiovascular disorders. The cost is prohibitive, averaging to $2.5 billion, and requiring 12.5 years. This is in large part due to the high failure rate, with only 5% approval by the Food and Drug Administration. Despite preclinical studies showing potential safety and efficacy, most fail when they go to clinical trials phase I to III. One cause for failure is the drug target, often discovered to be a biomarker rather than causative for the disease. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies would determine whether the drug target is causative and could save millions of dollars and time, and prevent unnecessary exposure to adverse drug effects. This was demonstrated in 3 clinical trials that were negative with 2 drugs, veraspladib and darapladib. MR studies during the trials showed the targets of secretory and lipoprotein-associated phospholipids A2 are not causative for coronary artery disease and predicted negative results. The requirement for MR studies is a genetic risk variant with altered function, randomized at conception that remains fixed throughout one’s lifetime. It is not confounded by dietary, lifestyle, or socioeconomic factors. It is more sensitive than randomized controlled trials because exposure to the risk factor is fixed for a lifetime. MR studies showed plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not a causative target of coronary artery disease, and neither is uric acid, C-reactive protein, and others. MR studies are highly sensitive in determining whether drug targets are causative, and are relatively easy, inexpensive, and not time consuming. It is recommended that drug targets undergo MR studies before proceeding to randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
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Kim BM, Kim YD, Song D, Lee KJ, Yoo J, Bang OY, Rho S, Lee J, Jeon P, Kim KH, Cha J, Kim SJ, Ryoo S, Lee MJ, Sohn SI, Kim CH, Ryu HG, Hong JH, Chang HW, Lee CY, Rha J, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Campbell BCV, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, Yan B, Dowling R, Yassi N, Oxley TJ, Wu TY, Silver G, McDonald A, McCoy R, Kleinig TJ, Scroop R, Dewey HM, Simpson M, Brooks M, Coulton B, Krause M, Harrington TJ, Steinfort B, Faulder K, Priglinger M, Day S, Phan T, Chong W, Holt M, Chandra RV, Ma H, Young D, Wong K, Wijeratne T, Tu H, Mackay E, Celestino S, Bladin CF, Loh PS, Gilligan A, Ross Z, Coote S, Frost T, Parsons MW, Miteff F, Levi CR, Ang T, Spratt N, Kaauwai L, Badve M, Rice H, de Villiers L, Barber PA, McGuinness B, Hope A, Moriarty M, Bennett P, Wong A, Coulthard A, Lee A, Jannes J, Field D, Sharma G, Salinas S, Cowley E, Snow B, Kolbe J, Stark R, King J, Macdonnell R, Attia J, D'Este C, Saver JL, Goyal M, Diener HC, Levy EI, Bonafé A, Mendes Pereira V, Jahan R, Albers GW, Cognard C, Cohen DJ, 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Roberts T, Tarabishy A, Gutmann L, Brooks C, Brick J, Domico J, Reimann G, Hinrichs K, Becker M, Heiss E, Selle C, Witteler A, Al-Boutros S, Danch MJ, Ranft A, Rohde S, Burg K, Weimar C, Zegarac V, Hartmann C, Schlamann M, Göricke S, Ringlestein A, Wanke I, Mönninghoff C, Dietzold M, Budzik R, Davis T, Eubank G, Hicks WJ, Pema P, Vora N, Mejilla J, Taylor M, Clark W, Rontal A, Fields J, Peterson B, Nesbit G, Lutsep H, Bozorgchami H, Priest R, Ologuntoye O, Barnwell S, Dogan A, Herrick K, Takahasi C, Beadell N, Brown B, Jamieson S, Hussain MS, Russman A, Hui F, Wisco D, Uchino K, Khawaja Z, Katzan I, Toth G, Cheng-Ching E, Bain M, Man S, Farrag A, George P, John S, Shankar L, Drofa A, Dahlgren R, Bauer A, Itreat A, Taqui A, Cerejo R, Richmond A, Ringleb P, Bendszus M, Möhlenbruch M, Reiff T, Amiri H, Purrucker J, Herweh C, Pham M, Menn O, Ludwig I, Acosta I, Villar C, Morgan W, Sombutmai C, Hellinger F, Allen E, Bellew M, Gandhi R, Bonwit E, Aly J, Ecker RD, Seder D, Morris J, Skaletsky 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M, Grande A, Hildebrandt D, Miller K, Scherber J, Hendrickson A, Jumaa M, Zaidi S, Hendrickson T, Snyder V, Killer-Oberpfalzer M, Mutzenbach J, Weymayr F, Broussalis E, Stadler K, Jedlitschka A, Malek A, Mueller-Kronast N, Beck P, Martin C, Summers D, Day J, Bettinger I, Holloway W, Olds K, Arkin S, Akhtar N, Boutwell C, Crandall S, Schwartzman M, Weinstein C, Brion B, Prothmann S, Kleine J, Kreiser K, Boeckh-Behrens T, Poppert H, Wunderlich S, Koch ML, Biberacher V, Huberle A, Gora-Stahlberg G, Knier B, Meindl T, Utpadel-Fischler D. Imaging features and safety and efficacy of endovascular stroke treatment: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:895-904. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Coakley SL, Myers SD, Walker EF, Hale B, Jackson S, Greeves JP, Roberts R, Blacker SD. 1.5mile run time and body mass predict 8mile loaded march performance, irrespective of sex. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:217-221. [PMID: 30249459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a statistical model to predict 8mile Loaded March (LM) performance and quantify differences in physical characteristics for men and women British Army Personnel. DESIGN 135 trained soldiers (87 men; 48 women) completed two sessions, seven days apart. METHODS Session 1: Participants' stature, body mass, Fat Free Mass (FFM) [by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry], Single Lift (SL), Water Can Carry (WCC), and 1.5mile run performance were measured. Session 2: Participants completed an 8mile LM, carrying 25kg (4miles paced and 4miles individual best effort). Sex differences were compared using independent samples t-tests and 8mile LM performance time was predicted using various multiple linear regression analysis: hierarchical forced entry multiple ordinary least squares, principal component and ordinary least products. RESULTS A combination of 1.5mile run time and body mass were the strongest predictors of 8mile LM time (R2=0.71; SEE=4.17min; p<0.001). Including stature, FFM, sex, SL score, or WCC score did not further improve predictions (p>0.05). Compared to women, men had faster mean 1.5mile run and LM times, greater body mass and total FFM and higher SL and WCC scores (p<0.001), however some women outperformed men. CONCLUSION 1.5mile run time and body mass predict 8mile LM performance with no further improvement gained in the model by including sex as a variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Coakley
- Occupational Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, UK.
| | - S D Myers
- Occupational Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, UK
| | - E F Walker
- Occupational Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, UK
| | - B Hale
- Occupational Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, UK
| | - S Jackson
- Army Personnel Research Capability, Army HQ, UK
| | - J P Greeves
- Army Personnel Research Capability, Army HQ, UK
| | - R Roberts
- HQ Royal Army Physical Training Corps, UK
| | - S D Blacker
- Occupational Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, UK
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Roberts R. 1986 American Heart Association Bugher Program Pivotal to Current Management and Research of Heart Disease. Circ Genom Precis Med 2018; 11:e002222. [PMID: 29875128 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Selby N, Casula A, Lamming L, Stoves J, Samarasinghe Y, Lewington A, Roberts R, Shah N, Fluck R, Johnson M, Jackson N, AJones C, Mohammad M, Caskey F. SP228A MULTICENTRE, STEPPED-WEDGE CLUSTER RANDOMISED TRIAL OF A COMPLEX INTERVENTION TO REDUCE HARM ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy104.sp228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Selby
- CKRI, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - A Casula
- Renal, UK Renal Registry, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - L Lamming
- Renal, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - J Stoves
- Renal, Bradford Teaching Hospital, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Lewington
- Renal, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS foundation Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R Roberts
- Renal, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - N Shah
- Renal, Ashford&St Peters Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - R Fluck
- Renal, NHS England AKI Programme, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - M Johnson
- Renal, Yorkshire and Humber Academic Health Science network, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - N Jackson
- Renal, Yorkshire and Humber Academic Health care Network, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - C AJones
- Renal, Ashford & St Peter's Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - M Mohammad
- Bradford Institute of Health Research, Bradford University, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - F Caskey
- Renal, UK Renal Registry, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Coughlan L, Sridhar S, Payne R, Edmans M, Milicic A, Venkatraman N, Lugonja B, Clifton L, Qi C, Folegatti PM, Lawrie AM, Roberts R, de Graaf H, Sukhtankar P, Faust SN, Lewis DJM, Lambe T, Hill AVS, Gilbert SC. Corrigendum to "Heterologous Two-dose Vaccination with Simian Adenovirus and Poxvirus Vectors Elicits Long-lasting Cellular Immunity to Influenza Virus A in Healthy Adults" [EBioMedicine 29 (2018) 146-154]. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:321. [PMID: 29735416 PMCID: PMC6014575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Coughlan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Microbiology, Annenberg Building, Room 16.30, One Gustave Levy Place, New York 10029, United States
| | - S Sridhar
- Sanofi Pasteur, MARCY l'ETOILE 69280, France
| | - R Payne
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - M Edmans
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - A Milicic
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - N Venkatraman
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - B Lugonja
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - L Clifton
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - C Qi
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - P M Folegatti
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - A M Lawrie
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - R Roberts
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - H de Graaf
- NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - P Sukhtankar
- NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - S N Faust
- NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - D J M Lewis
- Clinical Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AX, UK
| | - T Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - A V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - S C Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Tran M, Roberts R, Felix T, Harte F. Effect of high-pressure-jet processing on the viscosity and foaming properties of pasteurized whole milk. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3887-3899. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Davidson J, Roberts R, Champeaux D. Medical Databases. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1635498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAn entity relationship level design is given for medical information systems. This design is aimed at-conceptual-integration of hospital information systems, patient history record keeping systems, future diagnosis systems, etc. In particular, it lays out a foundation for distributed databases.
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Aron D, Roberts R, Stallings J, Brown J, Hay C. Evaluation of Positive Contrast Arthrography in Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryArthrographic and intraoperative evaluations of stifles affected with cranial cruciate disease were compared. Arthrography did not appear to be helpful in predicting cranial cruciate ligament pathology. The caudal cruciate ligament was consistently not visualized in the arthrograms and was normal at surgery. The menisci were visualized consistently in the arthrograms, but conclusions could not be made as to the benefit of arthrography in predicting meniscal pathology. Arthrography was not helpful in predicting joint capsule and femoral articular surface pathology. Survey radiographic evaluation was better than arthrography in evaluating joint pathology. When cruciate injury is suspected, after history and physical examination, survey radiographs are better than positive contrast arthrograms at supporting the diagnosis.Positive contrast arthrography was evaluated as a diagnostic aid in canine cranial cruciate ligament disease. It did not appear to be useful in predicting joint pathology. With arthrography, both menisci could be visualized and evaluated for abnormalities. Joint effusion and presence of osteophytes evaluated on survey radiographs was better than arthrography in evaluating joint pathology.
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Campbell BCV, van Zwam WH, Goyal M, Menon BK, Dippel DWJ, Demchuk AM, Bracard S, White P, Dávalos A, Majoie CBLM, van der Lugt A, Ford GA, de la Ossa NP, Kelly M, Bourcier R, Donnan GA, Roos YBWEM, Bang OY, Nogueira RG, Devlin TG, van den Berg LA, Clarençon F, Burns P, Carpenter J, Berkhemer OA, Yavagal DR, Pereira VM, Ducrocq X, Dixit A, Quesada H, Epstein J, Davis SM, Jansen O, Rubiera M, Urra X, Micard E, Lingsma HF, Naggara O, Brown S, Guillemin F, Muir KW, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Saver JL, Jovin TG, Hill MD, Mitchell PJ, Berkhemer OA, Fransen PSS, Beumer D, van den Berg LA, Lingsma HF, Yoo AJ, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Nederkoorn PJ, Wermer MJH, van Walderveen MAA, Staals J, Hofmeijer J, van Oostayen JA, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, Boiten J, Brouwer PA, Emmer BJ, de Bruijn SF, van Dijk LC, Kappelle J, Lo RH, van Dijk EJ, de Vries J, de Kort PL, van Rooij WJJ, van den Berg JS, van Hasselt BA, Aerden LA, Dallinga RJ, Visser MC, Bot JC, Vroomen PC, Eshghi O, Schreuder TH, Heijboer RJ, Keizer K, Tielbeek AV, den Hertog HM, Gerrits DG, van den Berg-Vos RM, Karas GB, Steyerberg EW, Flach Z, Marquering HA, Sprengers ME, Jenniskens SF, Beenen LF, van den Berg R, Koudstaal PJ, van Zwam WH, Roos YB, van der Lugt A, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Wakhloo A, Moonis M, Henninger N, Goddeau R, Massari F, Minaeian A, Lozano JD, Ramzan M, Stout C, Patel A, Majoie CB, Tunguturi A, Onteddu S, Carandang R, Howk M, Ribó M, Sanjuan E, Rubiera M, Pagola J, Flores A, Muchada M, Dippel DW, Meler P, Huerga E, Gelabert S, Coscojuela P, Tomasello A, Rodriguez D, Santamarina E, Maisterra O, Boned S, Seró L, Brown MM, Rovira A, Molina CA, Millán M, Muñoz L, Pérez de la Ossa N, Gomis M, Dorado L, López-Cancio E, Palomeras E, Munuera J, Liebig T, García Bermejo P, Remollo S, Castaño C, García-Sort R, Cuadras P, Puyalto P, Hernández-Pérez M, Jiménez M, Martínez-Piñeiro A, Lucente G, Stijnen T, Dávalos A, Chamorro A, Urra X, Obach V, Cervera A, Amaro S, Llull L, Codas J, Balasa M, Navarro J, Andersson T, Ariño H, Aceituno A, Rudilosso S, Renu A, Macho JM, San Roman L, Blasco J, López A, Macías N, Cardona P, Mattle H, Quesada H, Rubio F, Cano L, Lara B, de Miquel MA, Aja L, Serena J, Cobo E, Albers GW, Lees KR, Wahlgren N, Arenillas J, Roberts R, Minhas P, Al-Ajlan F, Salluzzi M, Zimmel L, Patel S, Eesa M, Martí-Fàbregas J, Jankowitz B, van der Heijden E, Serena J, Salvat-Plana M, López-Cancio E, Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Anxionnat R, Baillot PA, Barbier C, Derelle AL, Lacour JC, Ghannouti N, Richard S, Samson Y, Sourour N, Baronnet-Chauvet F, Clarencon F, Crozier S, Deltour S, Di Maria F, Le Bouc R, Leger A, Fleitour N, Mutlu G, Rosso C, Szatmary Z, Yger M, Zavanone C, Bakchine S, Pierot L, Caucheteux N, Estrade L, Kadziolka K, Hooijenga I, Leautaud A, Renkes C, Serre I, Desal H, Guillon B, Boutoleau-Bretonniere C, Daumas-Duport B, De Gaalon S, Derkinderen P, Evain S, Puppels C, Herisson F, Laplaud DA, Lebouvier T, Lintia-Gaultier A, Pouclet-Courtemanche H, Rouaud T, Rouaud Jaffrenou V, Schunck A, Sevin-Allouet M, Toulgoat F, Pellikaan W, Wiertlewski S, Gauvrit JY, Ronziere T, Cahagne V, Ferre JC, Pinel JF, Raoult H, Mas JL, Meder JF, Al Najjar-Carpentier AA, Geerling A, Birchenall J, Bodiguel E, Calvet D, Domigo V, Godon-Hardy S, Guiraud V, Lamy C, Majhadi L, Morin L, Naggara O, Lindl-Velema A, Trystram D, Turc G, Berge J, Sibon I, Menegon P, Barreau X, Rouanet F, Debruxelles S, Kazadi A, Renou P, van Vemde G, Fleury O, Pasco-Papon A, Dubas F, Caroff J, Godard Ducceschi S, Hamon MA, Lecluse A, Marc G, Giroud M, Ricolfi F, de Ridder A, Bejot Y, Chavent A, Gentil A, Kazemi A, Osseby GV, Voguet C, Mahagne MH, Sedat J, Chau Y, Suissa L, Greebe P, Lachaud S, Houdart E, Stapf C, Buffon Porcher F, Chabriat H, Guedin P, Herve D, Jouvent E, Mawet J, Saint-Maurice JP, de Bont-Stikkelbroeck J, Schneble HM, Turjman F, Nighoghossian N, Berhoune NN, Bouhour F, Cho TH, Derex L, Felix S, Gervais-Bernard H, Gory B, de Meris J, Manera L, Mechtouff L, Ritzenthaler T, Riva R, Salaris Silvio F, Tilikete C, Blanc R, Obadia M, Bartolini MB, Gueguen A, Janssen K, Piotin M, Pistocchi S, Redjem H, Drouineau J, Neau JP, Godeneche G, Lamy M, Marsac E, Velasco S, Clavelou P, Struijk W, Chabert E, Bourgois N, Cornut-Chauvinc C, Ferrier A, Gabrillargues J, Jean B, Marques AR, Vitello N, Detante O, Barbieux M, Licher S, Boubagra K, Favre Wiki I, Garambois K, Tahon F, Ashok V, Voguet C, Coskun O, Guedin P, Rodesch G, Lapergue B, Boodt N, Bourdain F, Evrard S, Graveleau P, Decroix JP, Wang A, Sellal F, Ahle G, Carelli G, Dugay MH, Gaultier C, Ros A, Lebedinsky AP, Lita L, Musacchio RM, Renglewicz-Destuynder C, Tournade A, Vuillemet F, Montoro FM, Mounayer C, Faugeras F, Gimenez L, Venema E, Labach C, Lautrette G, Denier C, Saliou G, Chassin O, Dussaule C, Melki E, Ozanne A, Puccinelli F, Sachet M, Slokkers I, Sarov M, Bonneville JF, Moulin T, Biondi A, De Bustos Medeiros E, Vuillier F, Courtheoux P, Viader F, Apoil-Brissard M, Bataille M, Ganpat RJ, Bonnet AL, Cogez J, Kazemi A, Touze E, Leclerc X, Leys D, Aggour M, Aguettaz P, Bodenant M, Cordonnier C, Mulder M, Deplanque D, Girot M, Henon H, Kalsoum E, Lucas C, Pruvo JP, Zuniga P, Bonafé A, Arquizan C, Costalat V, Saiedie N, Machi P, Mourand I, Riquelme C, Bounolleau P, Arteaga C, Faivre A, Bintner M, Tournebize P, Charlin C, Darcel F, Heshmatollah A, Gauthier-Lasalarie P, Jeremenko M, Mouton S, Zerlauth JB, Lamy C, Hervé D, Hassan H, Gaston A, Barral FG, Garnier P, Schipperen S, Beaujeux R, Wolff V, Herbreteau D, Debiais S, Murray A, Ford G, Muir KW, White P, Brown MM, Clifton A, Vinken S, Freeman J, Ford I, Markus H, Wardlaw J, Lees KR, Molyneux A, Robinson T, Lewis S, Norrie J, Robertson F, van Boxtel T, Perry R, Dixit A, Cloud G, Clifton A, Madigan J, Roffe C, Nayak S, Lobotesis K, Smith C, Herwadkar A, Koets J, Kandasamy N, Goddard T, Bamford J, Subramanian G, Lenthall R, Littleton E, Lamin S, Storey K, Ghatala R, Banaras A, Boers M, Aeron-Thomas J, Hazel B, Maguire H, Veraque E, Harrison L, Keshvara R, Cunningham J, Santos E, Borst J, Jansen I, Kappelhof M, Lucas M, Geuskens R, Barros RS, Dobbe R, Csizmadia M, Hill MD, Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, Eesa M, Ryckborst KJ, Wright MR, Kamal NR, Andersen L, Randhawa PA, Stewart T, Patil S, Minhas P, Almekhlafi M, Mishra S, Clement F, Sajobi T, Shuaib A, Montanera WJ, Roy D, Silver FL, Jovin TG, Frei DF, Sapkota B, Rempel JL, Thornton J, Williams D, Tampieri D, Poppe AY, Dowlatshahi D, Wong JH, Mitha AP, Subramaniam S, Hull G, Lowerison MW, Sajobi T, Salluzzi M, Wright MR, Maxwell M, Lacusta S, Drupals E, Armitage K, Barber PA, Smith EE, Morrish WF, Coutts SB, Derdeyn C, Demaerschalk B, Yavagal D, Martin R, Brant R, Yu Y, Willinsky RA, Montanera WJ, Weill A, Kenney C, Aram H, Stewart T, Stys PK, Watson TW, Klein G, Pearson D, Couillard P, Trivedi A, Singh D, Klourfeld E, Imoukhuede O, Nikneshan D, Blayney S, Reddy R, Choi P, Horton M, Musuka T, Dubuc V, Field TS, Desai J, Adatia S, Alseraya A, Nambiar V, van Dijk R, Wong JH, Mitha AP, Morrish WF, Eesa M, Newcommon NJ, Shuaib A, Schwindt B, Butcher KS, Jeerakathil T, Buck B, Khan K, Naik SS, Emery DJ, Owen RJ, Kotylak TB, Ashforth RA, Yeo TA, McNally D, Siddiqui M, Saqqur M, Hussain D, Kalashyan H, Manosalva A, Kate M, Gioia L, Hasan S, Mohammad A, Muratoglu M, Williams D, Thornton J, Cullen A, Brennan P, O'Hare A, Looby S, Hyland D, Duff S, McCusker M, Hallinan B, Lee S, McCormack J, Moore A, O'Connor M, Donegan C, Brewer L, Martin A, Murphy S, O'Rourke K, Smyth S, Kelly P, Lynch T, Daly T, O'Brien P, O'Driscoll A, Martin M, Daly T, Collins R, Coughlan T, McCabe D, Murphy S, O'Neill D, Mulroy M, Lynch O, Walsh T, O'Donnell M, Galvin T, Harbison J, McElwaine P, Mulpeter K, McLoughlin C, Reardon M, Harkin E, Dolan E, Watts M, Cunningham N, Fallon C, Gallagher S, Cotter P, Crowe M, Doyle R, Noone I, Lapierre M, Coté VA, Lanthier S, Odier C, Durocher A, Raymond J, Weill A, Daneault N, Deschaintre Y, Jankowitz B, Baxendell L, Massaro L, Jackson-Graves C, Decesare S, Porter P, Armbruster K, Adams A, Billigan J, Oakley J, Ducruet A, Jadhav A, Giurgiutiu DV, Aghaebrahim A, Reddy V, Hammer M, Starr M, Totoraitis V, Wechsler L, Streib S, Rangaraju S, Campbell D, Rocha M, Gulati D, Silver FL, Krings T, Kalman L, Cayley A, Williams J, Stewart T, Wiegner R, Casaubon LK, Jaigobin C, del Campo JM, Elamin E, Schaafsma JD, Willinsky RA, Agid R, Farb R, ter Brugge K, Sapkoda BL, Baxter BW, Barton K, Knox A, Porter A, Sirelkhatim A, Devlin T, Dellinger C, Pitiyanuvath N, Patterson J, Nichols J, Quarfordt S, Calvert J, Hawk H, Fanale C, Frei DF, Bitner A, Novak A, Huddle D, Bellon R, Loy D, Wagner J, Chang I, Lampe E, Spencer B, Pratt R, Bartt R, Shine S, Dooley G, Nguyen T, Whaley M, McCarthy K, Teitelbaum J, Tampieri D, Poon W, Campbell N, Cortes M, Dowlatshahi D, Lum C, Shamloul R, Robert S, Stotts G, Shamy M, Steffenhagen N, Blacquiere D, Hogan M, AlHazzaa M, Basir G, Lesiuk H, Iancu D, Santos M, Choe H, Weisman DC, Jonczak K, Blue-Schaller A, Shah Q, MacKenzie L, Klein B, Kulandaivel K, Kozak O, Gzesh DJ, Harris LJ, Khoury JS, Mandzia J, Pelz D, Crann S, Fleming L, Hesser K, Beauchamp B, Amato-Marzialli B, Boulton M, Lopez- Ojeda P, Sharma M, Lownie S, Chan R, Swartz R, Howard P, Golob D, Gladstone D, Boyle K, Boulos M, Hopyan J, Yang V, Da Costa L, Holmstedt CA, Turk AS, Navarro R, Jauch E, Ozark S, Turner R, Phillips S, Shankar J, Jarrett J, Gubitz G, Maloney W, Vandorpe R, Schmidt M, Heidenreich J, Hunter G, Kelly M, Whelan R, Peeling L, Burns PA, Hunter A, Wiggam I, Kerr E, Watt M, Fulton A, Gordon P, Rennie I, Flynn P, Smyth G, O'Leary S, Gentile N, Linares G, McNelis P, Erkmen K, Katz P, Azizi A, Weaver M, Jungreis C, Faro S, Shah P, Reimer H, Kalugdan V, Saposnik G, Bharatha A, Li Y, Kostyrko P, Santos M, Marotta T, Montanera W, Sarma D, Selchen D, Spears J, Heo JH, Jeong K, Kim DJ, Kim BM, Kim YD, Song D, Lee KJ, Yoo J, Bang OY, Rho S, Lee J, Jeon P, Kim KH, Cha J, Kim SJ, Ryoo S, Lee MJ, Sohn SI, Kim CH, Ryu HG, Hong JH, Chang HW, Lee CY, Rha J, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Campbell BCV, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, Yan B, Dowling R, Yassi N, Oxley TJ, Wu TY, Silver G, McDonald A, McCoy R, Kleinig TJ, Scroop R, Dewey HM, Simpson M, Brooks M, Coulton B, Krause M, Harrington TJ, Steinfort B, Faulder K, Priglinger M, Day S, Phan T, Chong W, Holt M, Chandra RV, Ma H, Young D, Wong K, Wijeratne T, Tu H, Mackay E, Celestino S, Bladin CF, Loh PS, Gilligan A, Ross Z, Coote S, Frost T, Parsons MW, Miteff F, Levi CR, Ang T, Spratt N, Kaauwai L, Badve M, Rice H, de Villiers L, Barber PA, McGuinness B, Hope A, Moriarty M, Bennett P, Wong A, Coulthard A, Lee A, Jannes J, Field D, Sharma G, Salinas S, Cowley E, Snow B, Kolbe J, Stark R, King J, Macdonnell R, Attia J, D'Este C, Saver JL, Goyal M, Diener HC, Levy EI, Bonafé A, Mendes Pereira V, Jahan R, Albers GW, Cognard C, Cohen DJ, Hacke W, Jansen O, Jovin TG, Mattle HP, Nogueira RG, Siddiqui AH, Yavagal DR, von Kummer R, Smith W, Turjman F, Hamilton S, Chiacchierini R, Amar A, Sanossian N, Loh Y, Devlin T, Baxter B, Hawk H, Sapkota B, Quarfordt S, Sirelkhatim A, Dellinger C, Barton K, Reddy VK, Ducruet A, Jadhav A, Horev A, Giurgiutiu DV, Totoraitis V, Hammer M, Jankowitz B, Wechsler L, Rocha M, Gulati D, Campbell D, Star M, Baxendell L, Oakley J, Siddiqui A, Hopkins LN, Snyder K, Sawyer R, Hall S, Costalat V, Riquelme C, Machi P, Omer E, Arquizan C, Mourand I, Charif M, Ayrignac X, Menjot de Champfleur N, Leboucq N, Gascou G, Moynier M, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Singer O, Berkefeld J, Foerch C, Lorenz M, Pfeilschifer W, Hattingen E, Wagner M, You SJ, Lescher S, Braun H, Dehkharghani S, Belagaje SR, Anderson A, Lima A, Obideen M, Haussen D, Dharia R, Frankel M, Patel V, Owada K, Saad A, Amerson L, Horn C, Doppelheuer S, Schindler K, Lopes DK, Chen M, Moftakhar R, Anton C, Smreczak M, Carpenter JS, Boo S, Rai A, Roberts T, Tarabishy A, Gutmann L, Brooks C, Brick J, Domico J, Reimann G, Hinrichs K, Becker M, Heiss E, Selle C, Witteler A, Al-Boutros S, Danch MJ, Ranft A, Rohde S, Burg K, Weimar C, Zegarac V, Hartmann C, Schlamann M, Göricke S, Ringlestein A, Wanke I, Mönninghoff C, Dietzold M, Budzik R, Davis T, Eubank G, Hicks WJ, Pema P, Vora N, Mejilla J, Taylor M, Clark W, Rontal A, Fields J, Peterson B, Nesbit G, Lutsep H, Bozorgchami H, Priest R, Ologuntoye O, Barnwell S, Dogan A, Herrick K, Takahasi C, Beadell N, Brown B, Jamieson S, Hussain MS, Russman A, Hui F, Wisco D, Uchino K, Khawaja Z, Katzan I, Toth G, Cheng-Ching E, Bain M, Man S, Farrag A, George P, John S, Shankar L, Drofa A, Dahlgren R, Bauer A, Itreat A, Taqui A, Cerejo R, Richmond A, Ringleb P, Bendszus M, Möhlenbruch M, Reiff T, Amiri H, Purrucker J, Herweh C, Pham M, Menn O, Ludwig I, Acosta I, Villar C, Morgan W, Sombutmai C, Hellinger F, Allen E, Bellew M, Gandhi R, Bonwit E, Aly J, Ecker RD, Seder D, Morris J, Skaletsky M, Belden J, Baker C, Connolly LS, Papanagiotou P, Roth C, Kastrup A, Politi M, Brunner F, Alexandrou M, Merdivan H, Ramsey C, Given II C, Renfrow S, Deshmukh V, Sasadeusz K, Vincent F, Thiesing JT, Putnam J, Bhatt A, Kansara A, Caceves D, Lowenkopf T, Yanase L, Zurasky J, Dancer S, Freeman B, Scheibe-Mirek T, Robison J, Rontal A, Roll J, Clark D, Rodriguez M, Fitzsimmons BFM, Zaidat O, Lynch JR, Lazzaro M, Larson T, Padmore L, Das E, Farrow-Schmidt A, Hassan A, Tekle W, Cate C, Jansen O, Cnyrim C, Wodarg F, Wiese C, Binder A, Riedel C, Rohr A, Lang N, Laufs H, Krieter S, Remonda L, Diepers M, Añon J, Nedeltchev K, Kahles T, Biethahn S, Lindner M, Chang V, Gächter C, Esperon C, Guglielmetti M, Arenillas Lara JF, Martínez Galdámez M, Calleja Sanz AI, Cortijo Garcia E, Garcia Bermejo P, Perez S, Mulero Carrillo P, Crespo Vallejo E, Ruiz Piñero M, Lopez Mesonero L, Reyes Muñoz FJ, Brekenfeld C, Buhk JH, Krützelmann A, Thomalla G, Cheng B, Beck C, Hoppe J, Goebell E, Holst B, Grzyska U, Wortmann G, Starkman S, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Rao N, Sheth S, Ng K, Noorian A, Szeder V, Nour M, McManus M, Huang J, Tarpley J, Tateshima S, Gonzalez N, Ali L, Liebeskind D, Hinman J, Calderon-Arnulphi M, Liang C, Guzy J, Koch S, DeSousa K, Gordon-Perue G, Haussen D, Elhammady M, Peterson E, Pandey V, Dharmadhikari S, Khandelwal P, Malik A, Pafford R, Gonzalez P, Ramdas K, Andersen G, Damgaard D, Von Weitzel-Mudersbach P, Simonsen C, Ruiz de Morales Ayudarte N, Poulsen M, Sørensen L, Karabegovich S, Hjørringgaard M, Hjort N, Harbo T, Sørensen K, Deshaies E, Padalino D, Swarnkar A, Latorre JG, Elnour E, El-Zammar Z, Villwock M, Farid H, Balgude A, Cross L, Hansen K, Holtmannspötter M, Kondziella D, Hoejgaard J, Taudorf S, Soendergaard H, Wagner A, Cronquist M, Stavngaard T, Cortsen M, Krarup LH, Hyldal T, Haring HP, Guggenberger S, Hamberger M, Trenkler J, Sonnberger M, Nussbaumer K, Dominger C, Bach E, Jagadeesan BD, Taylor R, Kim J, Shea K, Tummala R, Zacharatos H, Sandhu D, Ezzeddine M, Grande A, Hildebrandt D, Miller K, Scherber J, Hendrickson A, Jumaa M, Zaidi S, Hendrickson T, Snyder V, Killer-Oberpfalzer M, Mutzenbach J, Weymayr F, Broussalis E, Stadler K, Jedlitschka A, Malek A, Mueller-Kronast N, Beck P, Martin C, Summers D, Day J, Bettinger I, Holloway W, Olds K, Arkin S, Akhtar N, Boutwell C, Crandall S, Schwartzman M, Weinstein C, Brion B, Prothmann S, Kleine J, Kreiser K, Boeckh-Behrens T, Poppert H, Wunderlich S, Koch ML, Biberacher V, Huberle A, Gora-Stahlberg G, Knier B, Meindl T, Utpadel-Fischler D, Zech M, Kowarik M, Seifert C, Schwaiger B, Puri A, Hou S. Effect of general anaesthesia on functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation ischaemic stroke having endovascular thrombectomy versus standard care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jaffer IH, Chan N, Roberts R, Fredenburgh JC, Eikelboom JW, Weitz JI. Comparison of the ecarin chromogenic assay and diluted thrombin time for quantification of dabigatran concentrations. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2377-2387. [PMID: 28976630 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Routine monitoring is unnecessary but measuring dabigatran levels is helpful in certain situations. We compared ecarin chromogenic assay (STA-ECA-II) and dilute thrombin time (dTT) in patient samples. Both tests provided accurate measurements over a wide range of dabigatran concentrations. Adoption of STA-ECA-II and dTT into routine clinical practice will improve patient care. SUMMARY Background Although routine coagulation monitoring is unnecessary, measuring plasma dabigatran concentrations can be useful for detecting drug accumulation in renal failure or overdose, assessing the contribution of dabigatran to serious bleeding, planning the timing of urgent surgery or intervention, or determining the suitability for thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Dabigatran concentrations can be quantified using chromogenic or clot-based tests, such as the ecarin chromogenic assay (ECA) and the diluted thrombin time (dTT), respectively. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the results of these assays with dabigatran concentrations measured by the reference standard of mass spectrometry in samples from 50 dabigatran-treated patients collected at peak and trough after at least 4 months of drug intake. Methods Drug levels measured with either the STA Ecarin Chromogenic Assay-II (STA-ECA-II) or dTT were linearly correlated with those determined by mass spectrometry over a wide range of concentrations. Results and Conclusions For detection of levels below 50 ng mL-1 both tests have specificities of at least 96%, suggesting that they accurately detect even low levels of drug. Therefore, regardless of whether a chromogenic or clot-based platform is preferred, the STA-ECA-II and dTT are useful tests for measuring dabigatran concentrations. Unfortunately, neither test is licensed by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Although approved in other jurisdictions, the dTT and STA-ECA-II are not widely or rapidly available in most hospitals. Therefore, cooperation between regulators and hospitals is urgently needed to render these tests readily available to inform patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Jaffer
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - N Chan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Roberts
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J C Fredenburgh
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J W Eikelboom
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J I Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Winters ZE, Afzal M, Rutherford C, Holzner B, Rumpold G, da Costa Vieira RA, Hartup S, Flitcroft K, Bjelic-Radisic V, Oberguggenberger A, Panouilleres M, Mani M, Catanuto G, Douek M, Kokan J, Sinai P, King MT, Spillane A, Snook K, Boyle F, French J, Elder E, Chalmers B, Kabir M, Campbell I, Wong A, Flay H, Scarlet J, Weis J, Giesler J, Bliem B, Nagele E, del Angelo N, Andrade V, Assump¸ão Garcia D, Bonnetain F, Kjelsberg M, William-Jones S, Fleet A, Hathaway S, Elliott J, Galea M, Dodge J, Chaudhy A, Williams R, Cook L, Sethi S, Turton P, Henson A, Gibb J, Bonomi R, Funnell S, Noren C, Ooi J, Cocks S, Dawson L, Patel H, Bailey L, Chatterjee S, Goulden K, Kirk S, Osborne W, Harter L, Sharif MA, Corcoran S, Smith J, Prasad R, Doran A, Power A, Devereux L, Cannon J, Latham S, Arora P, Ridgway S, Coulding M, Roberts R, Absar M, Hodgkiss T, Connolly K, Johnson J, Doyle K, Lunt N, Cooper M, Fuchs I, Peall L, Taylor L, Nicholson A. International validation of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-BRECON23 quality-of-life questionnaire for women undergoing breast reconstruction. Br J Surg 2017; 105:209-222. [PMID: 29116657 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim was to carry out phase 4 international field-testing of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) breast reconstruction (BRECON) module. The primary objective was finalization of its scale structure. Secondary objectives were evaluation of its reliability, validity, responsiveness, acceptability and interpretability in patients with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy and reconstruction.
Methods
The EORTC module development guidelines were followed. Patients were recruited from 28 centres in seven countries. A prospective cohort completed the QLQ-BRECON15 before mastectomy and the QLQ-BRECON24 at 4–8 months after reconstruction. The cross-sectional cohort completed the QLQ-BRECON24 at 1–5 years after reconstruction, and repeated this 2–8 weeks later (test–retest reliability). All participants completed debriefing questionnaires.
Results
A total of 438 patients were recruited, 234 in the prospective cohort and 204 in the cross-sectional cohort. A total of 414 reconstructions were immediate, with a comparable number of implants (176) and donor-site flaps (166). Control groups comprised patients who underwent two-stage implant procedures (72, 75 per cent) or delayed reconstruction (24, 25 per cent). Psychometric scale validity was supported by moderate to high item-own scale and item-total correlations (over 0·5). Questionnaire validity was confirmed by good scale-to-sample targeting, and computable scale scores exceeding 50 per cent, except nipple cosmesis (over 40 per cent). In known-group comparisons, QLQ-BRECON24 scales and items differentiated between patient groups defined by clinical criteria, such as type and timing of reconstruction, postmastectomy radiotherapy and surgical complications, with moderate effect sizes. Prospectively, sexuality and surgical side-effects scales showed significant responsiveness over time (P < 0·001). Scale reliability was supported by high Cronbach's α coefficients (over 0·7) and test–retest (intraclass correlation more than 0·8). One item (finding a well fitting bra) was excluded based on high floor/ceiling effects, poor test–retest and weak correlations in factor analysis (below 0·3), thus generating the QLQ-BRECON23 questionnaire.
Conclusion
The QLQ-BRECON23 is an internationally validated tool to be used alongside the EORTC QLQ-C30 (cancer) and QLQ-BR23 (breast cancer) questionnaires for evaluating quality of life and satisfaction after breast reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z E Winters
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
- Surgical and Interventional Trials Unit, Division of Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Quality of Life Office, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Afzal
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - C Rutherford
- Quality of Life Office, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Holzner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Rumpold
- Department of Medical Psychology, Evaluation Software Development, Rum, Austria
| | | | - S Hartup
- St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - K Flitcroft
- Breast and Surgical Oncology, Poche Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Bjelic-Radisic
- Department of Breast Surgery and Gynaecology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Oberguggenberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panouilleres
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - M Mani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Catanuto
- Multidisciplinary Breast Care, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - M Douek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, London, UK
| | - J Kokan
- Cancer Resource Centre, Macclesfield Hospital, Macclesfield, UK
| | - P Sinai
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - M T King
- Quality of Life Office, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Spillane
- Poche Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Snook
- Poche Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Boyle
- Poche Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J French
- The Crown Princess Mary Westmead Breast Cancer Centre and Specialist Services, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Elder
- The Crown Princess Mary Westmead Breast Cancer Centre and Specialist Services, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Chalmers
- The Crown Princess Mary Westmead Breast Cancer Centre and Specialist Services, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Kabir
- The Crown Princess Mary Westmead Breast Cancer Centre and Specialist Services, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - A Wong
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - H Flay
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J Scarlet
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J Weis
- University of Freiburg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - J Giesler
- University of Freiburg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - B Bliem
- Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - E Nagele
- Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - V Andrade
- Barretos Cancer Hospital, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | | | - F Bonnetain
- Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | | | - S William-Jones
- Clinical Research Network, West Midlands, Queen-s Hospital, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | - A Fleet
- Clinical Research Network, West Midlands, Queen-s Hospital, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | - S Hathaway
- Clinical Research Network, West Midlands, Queen-s Hospital, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Clinical Research Network, West Midlands, Queen-s Hospital, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | - M Galea
- Cancer Research Unit, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK
| | - J Dodge
- Cancer Research Unit, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK
| | - A Chaudhy
- Cancer Research Unit, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK
| | | | - L Cook
- Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - P Turton
- Leeds Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - A Henson
- Leeds Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - J Gibb
- Leeds Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - R Bonomi
- Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals, Worthing, UK
| | - S Funnell
- Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals, Worthing, UK
| | - C Noren
- Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals, Worthing, UK
| | - J Ooi
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - S Cocks
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - L Dawson
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - H Patel
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - L Bailey
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | | | | | - S Kirk
- Salford Royal Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - J Smith
- Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK
| | - R Prasad
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | - A Doran
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | - A Power
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | | | - J Cannon
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | - S Latham
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | - P Arora
- Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - S Ridgway
- Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - M Coulding
- Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - R Roberts
- Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - M Absar
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - T Hodgkiss
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - K Connolly
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J Johnson
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - K Doyle
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - N Lunt
- Cancer Resource Centre, Macclesfield Hospital, Macclesfield, UK
| | - M Cooper
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - I Fuchs
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - L Peall
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - L Taylor
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - A Nicholson
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Jarinova O, Daoud H, Ghani M, Potter R, Ordorica S, Haslett V, Santos N, Derksen H, Lahey D, McGill M, Trudel V, Antoniuk B, Vasli N, Chisholm C, Mettler G, Sinclair-Bourque L, McGowan-Jordan J, Smith A, Roberts R. NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING FOR INHERITED CARDIOMYOPATHIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICES. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to review genetic risk variants for coronary artery disease (CAD) and how they will change the management and prevention of CAD currently and in the future. RECENT FINDINGS Through the efforts of international consortia, 58 genetic risk variants for CAD of genome-wide significance have been replicated in appropriate independent populations. Only one third of these variants mediate their risk through known conventional risk factors for CAD. Thus, unknown mechanisms contribute to CAD. Secondly, the genetic risk is proportional to the total number of risk variants rather than the intensity of any risk factor. Thirdly, the availability of the genetic risk variants enables one to perform Mendelian randomization (MR) studies since they are randomized at conception, not confounded, fixed for life, and can be used to determine if a risk factor is causative or just a marker. MR can also be used to determine the safety and efficacy of a gene product targeted for drug therapy. Genetic risk variants have been shown to successfully risk stratify for CAD in both primary and secondary preventions. Contrary to dogma, MR documents that plasma HDL-C is not protective of CAD. The use of genetic risk score (GRS) for CAD is shown to be more effective in risk stratifying for CAD than the Framingham risk score and independent of the conventional risk factors including family history. Furthermore, the GRS predicts the response to statin therapy in primary and secondary preventions. The use of GRS could represent a paradigm shift in the prevention of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 550 East Van Buren, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Roberts R. A Breakthrough in Genetics and its Relevance to Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease in LMIC. Glob Heart 2017; 12:247-257. [PMID: 28756179 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 60 genetic risk variants predisposing to coronary artery disease (CAD) have been confirmed. The genetic risk for CAD is related to the number of genetic risk variants present and can be expressed as a genetic risk score (GRS), by summing the product of the number of high-risk variants inherited by each individual times the log of the odds ratio. Studies show risk stratification for CAD, based on the GRS, is more discriminatory than conventional risk factors and predicts the response to statin therapy. A prospective trial showed individuals with high GRS had 91% greater risk of cardiac events, and individuals with a healthy lifestyle had 46% fewer cardiac events than an unfavorable lifestyle. GRS remains the same throughout one's lifetime because your deoxyribonucleic acid does not change. GRS, determined as early as birth from saliva, is inexpensive and could transform the prevention of CAD in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Christofidou P, Nelson CP, Denniff M, Eales J, Nikpay M, Loley C, Qu L, Kleber M, Goodall A, Cambien F, Roberts R, Schunkert H, Marz W, Reilly MP, Erdmann J, McPherson R, Konig IR, Thompson JR, Samani NJ, Tomaszewski M. PSeudoautosomal region 1 and predisposition to coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Marian AJ, van Rooij E, Roberts R. Genetics and Genomics of Single-Gene Cardiovascular Diseases: Common Hereditary Cardiomyopathies as Prototypes of Single-Gene Disorders. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2831-2849. [PMID: 28007145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This is the first of 2 review papers on genetics and genomics appearing as part of the series on "omics." Genomics pertains to all components of an organism's genes, whereas genetics involves analysis of a specific gene or genes in the context of heredity. The paper provides introductory comments, describes the basis of human genetic diversity, and addresses the phenotypic consequences of genetic variants. Rare variants with large effect sizes are responsible for single-gene disorders, whereas complex polygenic diseases are typically due to multiple genetic variants, each exerting a modest effect size. To illustrate the clinical implications of genetic variants with large effect sizes, 3 common forms of hereditary cardiomyopathies are discussed as prototypic examples of single-gene disorders, including their genetics, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment. The genetic basis of complex traits is discussed in a separate paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Roberts
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
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Kasuga Y, Miyakoshi K, Nishio H, Akiba Y, Otani T, Fukutake M, Ikenoue S, Ochiai D, Matsumoto T, Tanaka K, Minegishi K, Kuji N, Roberts R, Aoki D, Tanaka M. Mid-trimester residual cervical length and the risk of preterm birth in pregnancies after abdominal radical trachelectomy: a retrospective analysis. BJOG 2017; 124:1729-1735. [PMID: 28418597 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between mid-trimester residual cervical length (CL) and the risk of preterm birth in pregnancies after abdominal radical trachelectomy (RT). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING University hospital. POPULATION A total of 33 deliveries after 22 weeks' gestation in 30 women who underwent abdominal RT including prophylactic cervical cerclage and perinatal care between January 2002 and May 2016. METHODS The association between mid-trimester residual CL (the distance between the cerclage and the external cervical os) and gestational age at delivery was investigated. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to estimate the optimal cut-off values of the mid-trimester residual CL for the prediction of preterm birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preterm birth before 34 weeks' gestation. RESULTS Mid-trimester residual CL showed a significant correlation with gestational age at delivery (r = 0.36, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in residual CL between women who did and those who did not give birth before 34 weeks (P < 0.05). Mid-trimester residual CL < 13 mm was a good predictor of birth before 34 weeks, with a sensitivity of 67%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 55% and negative predictive value of 86% (area under ROC curve, 0.75). CONCLUSIONS Mid-trimester residual CL is significantly correlated with gestational age at delivery. Residual CL assessment could be used to reassure physicians and women that there is only a small chance of preterm birth in pregnancies after abdominal RT. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Mid-trimester residual cervical length is a good predictor of preterm birth after radical trachelectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kasuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Miyakoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Nishio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Akiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Otani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukutake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - N Kuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Roberts
- Center for Clinical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- International Society for Cardiovascular Translation Research, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona.
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Verheyen E, Abila R, Akoll P, Albertson C, Antunes D, Banda T, Bills R, Bulirani A, Manda AC, Cohen AS, Cunha-Saraiva F, Derycke S, Donohue I, Du M, Dudu AM, Egger B, Fritzsche K, Frommen JG, Gante HF, Genner MJ, Härer A, Hata H, Irvine K, Mwapu PI, de Bisthoven LJ, Jungwirth A, Kaleme P, Katongo C, Kéver L, Koblmüller S, Konings A, Lamboj A, Lemmel-Schaedelin F, Schiaffino GM, Martens K, Mulungula PM, Meyer A, More HL, Musilova Z, Bukinga FM, Muzumani R, Ntakimazi G, Okello W, Phiri H, Pialek L, Plisnier PD, Raeymaekers JAM, Rajkov J, Rican O, Roberts R, Salzburger W, Schoen I, Sefc KM, Singh P, Skelton P, Snoeks J, Schneider K, Sturmbauer C, Svardal H, Svensson O, Dowdall JT, Turner GF, Tyers A, van Rijssel JC, Van Steenberge M, Vanhove MPM, Weber AT, Weyl O, Ziegelbecker A, Zimmermann H. Oil extraction imperils Africa's Great Lakes. Science 2017; 354:561-562. [PMID: 27811261 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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