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Debarba LK, Jayarathne HSM, Stilgenbauer L, Terra Dos Santos AL, Koshko L, Scofield S, Sullivan R, Mandal A, Klueh U, Sadagurski M. Microglial NF-κB Signaling Deficiency Protects Against Metabolic Disruptions Caused by Volatile Organic Compound via Modulating the Hypothalamic Transcriptome. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.08.566279. [PMID: 38014216 PMCID: PMC10680567 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to benzene, a prevalent volatile organic compound (VOC), at concentrations found in smoke, triggers hyperglycemia, and inflammation in mice. Corroborating this with existing epidemiological data, we show a strong correlation between environmental benzene exposure and metabolic impairments in humans. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we employed a controlled exposure system and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), revealing rapid blood glucose surges and disturbances in energy homeostasis in mice. These effects were attributed to alterations in the hypothalamic transcriptome, specifically impacting insulin and immune response genes, leading to hypothalamic insulin resistance and neuroinflammation. Moreover, benzene exposure activated microglial transcription characterized by heightened expression of IKKβ/NF-κB-related genes. Remarkably, selective removal of IKKβ in immune cells or adult microglia in mice alleviated benzene-induced hypothalamic gliosis, and protected against hyperglycemia. In summary, our study uncovers a crucial pathophysiological mechanism, establishing a clear link between airborne toxicant exposure and the onset of metabolic diseases.
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2
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Lawler M, Lewison G, Sullivan R. Recognising the health dividend of peace: cancer and Northern Ireland. Eur J Cancer 2023; 189:112924. [PMID: 37331221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lawler
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - G Lewison
- Institute of Cancer Policy, Global Oncology Group, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - R Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, Global Oncology Group, King's College London, London, UK.
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3
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Rad IJ, Chapman L, Tupally KR, Veidt M, Al-Sadiq H, Sullivan R, Parekh HS. A systematic review of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery to the eye and critical insights to facilitate a timely path to the clinic. Theranostics 2023; 13:3582-3638. [PMID: 37441595 PMCID: PMC10334839 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound has long been identified as a promising, non-invasive modality for improving ocular drug delivery across a range of indications. Yet, with 20 years of learnings behind us, clinical translation remains limited. To help address this, and in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the various mechanisms of ultrasound-mediated ocular drug delivery have been appraised, ranging from first principles to emergent applications spanning both ex vivo and in vivo models. The heterogeneity of study methods precluded meta-analysis, however an extensive characterisation of the included studies allowed for semi-quantitative and qualitative assessments. Methods: In this review, we reflected on study quality of reporting, and risk of bias (RoB) using the latest Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE 2.0) guidelines, alongside the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB tools. Literature studies from 2002 to 2022 were initially characterised according to methods of ultrasound application, ultrasound parameters applied, animal models employed, as well as safety and efficacy assessments. This exercise contributed to developing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of play within ultrasound-mediated ocular drug delivery. The results were then synthesised and processed into a guide to aid future study design, with the goal of improving the reliability of data, and to support efficient and timely translation to the clinic. Results: Key attributes identified as hindering translation included: poor reporting quality and high RoB, skewed use of animals unrepresentative of the human eye, and the over reliance of reductionist safety assessments. Ex vivo modelling studies were often unable to have comprehensive safety assessments performed on them, which are imperative to determining treatment safety, and represent a pre-requisite for clinical translation. Conclusion: With the use of our synthesised guide, and a thorough understanding of the underlying physicochemical interactions between ultrasound and ocular biology provided herein, this review offers a firm foundation on which future studies should ideally be built, such that ultrasound-mediated ocular drug delivery can be translated from concept to the coalface where it can provide immense clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Rad
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke Chapman
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Martin Veidt
- The University of Queensland, School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hussain Al-Sadiq
- Al-Asala University, Department of Industrial Engineering, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Sullivan
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Harendra S Parekh
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Sullivan R, Jones J, Williams C, Kilfoil E, MacIntosh D, Stewart M. A157 FIT-POSITIVE COLONOSCOPY FINDINGS IN NOVA SCOTIA STRATIFIED BY SEX, RACE, AND REGIONAL POPULATION DENSITY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991134 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs aim to minimize disparities in CRC rates through universal access. However, Canadian CRC mortality rates remain inversely associated with socioeconomic status and rural residence. In the United States some racialized groups have higher rates of advanced adenomas and CRC. Little is known about pre-cancerous findings or CRC mortality amongst racialized groups in Canada because race and ethnicity data are not routinely collected. Purpose To determine whether FIT-positive colonoscopy incident adenomas and CRC differ on the basis of sex, race, and regional population density in a provincial CRC screening program. Method In this retrospective cohort study drawn from the Nova Scotia Colon Cancer Prevention Program database, we identified adults who had a positive FIT from 2011 to 2021. This report describes incident adenomas and CRC, stratified by sex, race (white vs. racialized groups), and regional population density (urban vs. rural). Racialized groups included those who self-identified as Black/African Canadian, Asian, Middle Eastern and Indigenous. Urban was defined as population centers with more than 5000 individuals. Colonoscopy findings were categorized as no findings, low-risk adenoma (LRA), high-risk adenoma (HRA), or CRC. Comparison between categorical variables was performed with a chi-square test and a t-test for continuous variables. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Result(s) 41,209 adults (mean age 63.9) had a positive FIT and 34,636 went on to have a colonoscopy offered by the screening program. The FIT-positive colonoscopy participation rate was 84%. Of the 16% overall with a positive FIT but no screening program colonoscopy, 83% had a program consultation but did not proceed with endoscopy for unspecified reasons, 9% declined, and 8.2% are unknown. The overall rate of CRC was 2.4% (n=825) and the adenoma-detection rate was 60.4% (n=20,932). CRC (mean age 65.4) and HRA (mean age 64.6) were associated with older age (p <0.01). Males were more likely to have HRA (38.4% of males) or LRA (26.6% of males) identified compared to females, and females were more likely to have no colonoscopy findings (47.8% of females). CRC was more likely to be identified in urban (2.8%) than rural sub-populations (2.0%). No difference in adenomas or CRC incident rates were noted between white and racialized sub-groups. Image ![]()
Conclusion(s) This analysis of a provincial CRC screening program suggests that males and urban sub-populations had more high-risk findings during FIT-positive colonoscopies. In the first reported Canadian data, incident rates of adenomas and CRC were similar in white and racialized sub-groups. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University
| | - J Jones
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University
| | - C Williams
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University
| | - E Kilfoil
- Colon Cancer Prevention Program, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Canada
| | - D MacIntosh
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University
| | - M Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University
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Sullivan R, Rich MW, Deych E. POST-PCI OUTCOMES IN OLDER PATIENTS DISCHARGED TO POST-ACUTE CARE FACILITIES. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)01390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Panagides J, Ganguli S, Arellano R, Chen X, Montazeri K, Sullivan R, Wehrenberg-Klee E. Abstract No. 543 90Y Selective Internal Radiation Therapy for Ocular Melanoma Metastatic to the Liver: Dosimetry and Response Assessment. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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Bennett KA, Fox VK, Bryk A, Dietrich W, Fedo C, Edgar L, Thorpe MT, Williams AJ, Wong GM, Dehouck E, McAdam A, Sutter B, Millan M, Banham SG, Bedford CC, Bristow T, Fraeman A, Vasavada AR, Grotzinger J, Thompson L, O’Connell‐Cooper C, Gasda P, Rudolph A, Sullivan R, Arvidson R, Cousin A, Horgan B, Stack KM, Treiman A, Eigenbrode J, Caravaca G. The Curiosity Rover's Exploration of Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars: An Overview of the Campaign and Scientific Results. J Geophys Res Planets 2023; 128:e2022JE007185. [PMID: 37034460 PMCID: PMC10078523 DOI: 10.1029/2022je007185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, explored the clay mineral-bearing Glen Torridon region for 1 Martian year between January 2019 and January 2021, including a short campaign onto the Greenheugh pediment. The Glen Torridon campaign sought to characterize the geology of the area, seek evidence of habitable environments, and document the onset of a potentially global climatic transition during the Hesperian era. Curiosity roved 5 km in total throughout Glen Torridon, from the Vera Rubin ridge to the northern margin of the Greenheugh pediment. Curiosity acquired samples from 11 drill holes during this campaign and conducted the first Martian thermochemolytic-based organics detection experiment with the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite. The lowest elevations within Glen Torridon represent a continuation of lacustrine Murray formation deposits, but overlying widespread cross bedded sandstones indicate an interval of more energetic fluvial environments and prompted the definition of a new stratigraphic formation in the Mount Sharp group called the Carolyn Shoemaker formation. Glen Torridon hosts abundant phyllosilicates yet remains compositionally and mineralogically comparable to the rest of the Mount Sharp group. Glen Torridon samples have a great diversity and abundance of sulfur-bearing organic molecules, which are consistent with the presence of ancient refractory organic matter. The Glen Torridon region experienced heterogeneous diagenesis, with the most striking alteration occurring just below the Siccar Point unconformity at the Greenheugh pediment. Results from the pediment campaign show that the capping sandstone formed within the Stimson Hesperian aeolian sand sea that experienced seasonal variations in wind direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie K. Fox
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
- Division of Geologic and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Alex Bryk
- Department of Earth and Planetary ScienceUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - William Dietrich
- Department of Earth and Planetary ScienceUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Christopher Fedo
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Lauren Edgar
- Astrogeology Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyFlagstaffAZUSA
| | | | - Amy J. Williams
- Department of Geological SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Gregory M. Wong
- Department of GeosciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Erwin Dehouck
- Université de LyonUCBLENSLUJMCNRSLGL‐TPEVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Amy McAdam
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Brad Sutter
- Jacobs TechnologyHoustonTXUSA
- NASA Johnson Space CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Maëva Millan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Laboratoire Atmosphère, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), LATMOS/IPSLUVSQ Université Paris‐Saclay, Sorbonne Université, CNRSGuyancourtFrance
| | - Steven G. Banham
- Department of Earth Sciences and EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Candice C. Bedford
- NASA Johnson Space CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Lunar and Planetary InstituteHoustonTXUSA
| | | | - Abigail Fraeman
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Ashwin R. Vasavada
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - John Grotzinger
- Division of Geologic and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Lucy Thompson
- Planetary and Space Science CentreUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada
| | | | | | - Amanda Rudolph
- Earth Atmosphere and Planetary SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | - Ray Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Agnes Cousin
- IRAPUniversité de ToulouseCNRSCNESToulouseFrance
| | - Briony Horgan
- Earth Atmosphere and Planetary SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Kathryn M. Stack
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
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Viúdez‐Moreiras D, de la Torre M, Gómez‐Elvira J, Lorenz RD, Apéstigue V, Guzewich S, Mischna M, Sullivan R, Herkenhoff K, Toledo D, Lemmon M, Smith M, Newman CE, Sánchez‐Lavega A, Rodríguez‐Manfredi JA, Richardson M, Hueso R, Harri AM, Tamppari L, Arruego I, Bell J. Winds at the Mars 2020 Landing Site. 2. Wind Variability and Turbulence. J Geophys Res Planets 2022; 127:e2022JE007523. [PMID: 37033152 PMCID: PMC10078282 DOI: 10.1029/2022je007523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Wind speeds measured by the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater were fitted as a Weibull distribution. InSight wind data acquired in Elysium Planitia were also used to contextualize observations. Jezero winds were found to be much calmer on average than in previous landing sites, despite the intense aeolian activity observed. However, a great influence of turbulence and wave activity was observed in the wind speed variations, thus driving the probability of reaching the highest wind speeds at Jezero, instead of sustained winds driven by local, regional, or large-scale circulation. The power spectral density of wind speed fluctuations follows a power-law, whose slope deviates depending on the time of day from that predicted considering homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. Daytime wave activity is related to convection cells and smaller eddies in the boundary layer, advected over the crater. The signature of convection cells was also found during dust storm conditions, when prevailing winds were consistent with a tidal drive. Nighttime fluctuations were also intense, suggesting strong mechanical turbulence. Convective vortices were usually involved in rapid wind fluctuations and extreme winds, with variations peaking at 9.2 times the background winds. Transient high wind events by vortex-passages, turbulence, and wave activity could be driving aeolian activity at Jezero. We report the detection of a strong dust cloud of 0.75-1.5 km in length passing over the rover. The observed aeolian activity had major implications for instrumentation, with the wind sensor suffering damage throughout the mission, probably due to flying debris advected by winds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Viúdez‐Moreiras
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, CSIC‐INTA) and National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA)MadridSpain
| | - M. de la Torre
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - J. Gómez‐Elvira
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA)MadridSpain
| | | | - V. Apéstigue
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA)MadridSpain
| | - S. Guzewich
- NASA Goddard Spaceflight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - M. Mischna
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | | | - D. Toledo
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA)MadridSpain
| | - M. Lemmon
- Space Science InstituteCollege StationTXUSA
| | - M. Smith
- NASA Goddard Spaceflight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | | | | | - J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, CSIC‐INTA) and National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA)MadridSpain
| | | | - R. Hueso
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)BilbaoSpain
| | - A. M. Harri
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - L. Tamppari
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - I. Arruego
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA)MadridSpain
| | - J. Bell
- School of Earth and Space ExplorationArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
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9
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Lemmon MT, Lorenz RD, Rabinovitch J, Newman CE, Williams NR, Sullivan R, Golombek MP, Bell JF, Maki JN, Vicente‐Retortillo A. Lifting and Transport of Martian Dust by the Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Downwash as Observed by High-Speed Imaging From the Perseverance Rover. J Geophys Res Planets 2022; 127:e2022JE007605. [PMID: 37033154 PMCID: PMC10078181 DOI: 10.1029/2022je007605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Martian atmospheric dust is a major driver of weather, with feedback between atmospheric dust distribution, circulation changes from radiative heating and cooling driven by this dust, and winds that mobilize surface dust and distribute it in the atmosphere. Wind-driven mobilization of surface dust is a poorly understood process due to significant uncertainty about minimum wind stress and whether the saltation of sand particles is required. This study utilizes video of six Ingenuity helicopter flights to measure dust lifting during helicopter ascents, traverses, and descents. Dust mobilization persisted on takeoff until the helicopter exceeded 3 m altitude, with dust advecting at 4-6 m/s. During landing, dust mobilization initiated at 2.3-3.6 m altitude. Extensive dust mobilization occurred during traverses at 5.1-5.7 m altitude. Dust mobilization threshold friction velocity of rotor-induced winds during landing is modeled at 0.4-0.6 m/s (factor of two uncertainty in this estimate), with higher winds required when the helicopter was over undisturbed terrain. Modeling dust mobilization from >5 m cruising altitude indicates mobilization by 0.3 m/s winds, suggesting nonsaltation mechanisms such as mobilization and destruction of dust aggregates. No dependence on background winds was seen for the initiation of dust lifting but one case of takeoff in 7 m/s winds created a track of darkened terrain downwind of the helicopter, which may have been a saltation cluster. When the helicopter was cruising at 5-6 m altitude, recirculation was seen in the dust clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - N. R. Williams
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - J. N. Maki
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
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Van Hemelrijck M, Fox L, Beyer K, Fedaraviciute E, George G, Hadi H, Haire A, Handford J, Mera A, Monroy-Iglesias MJ, Moss CL, Perdek N, Russell B, Santaolalla A, Sztankay M, Wylie H, Jassem J, Zubaryev M, Anderson BO, Ortiz R, Ilbawi A, Camacho R, Ferreira-Borges C, Roitberg F, Dvaladze AE, Lasierra Losada M, Alves da Costa F, Aggarwal A, Lawler M, Kopetskiy S, Sullivan R. Cancer care for Ukrainian refugees: Strategic impact assessments in the early days of the conflict. J Cancer Policy 2022; 34:100370. [PMID: 36375808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2022.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022 has resulted in destruction of healthcare infrastructure and triggered the largest wave of internally displaced populations and refugees since World War Two. Conflicts in transitioned countries such as Ukraine create new non-communicable disease (NCD) challenges, especially for cancer care for refugees and humanitarian assistance in host countries. In the early days, rapid attempts were made to model possible impacts. METHODS By evaluating open source intelligence used in the first three months of the conflict through snowball search methods, we aimed to address: (i) burden of cancer in Ukrainian population, specifically considering translating to the refugees population, and its cancer care capacity; ii) baseline capacity/strengths of cancer systems in initial host countries. Moreover, using a baseline scenario based on crude cancer incidence in Ukraine, and considering data from UNHCR, we estimated how cancer cases would be distributed across host countries. Finally, a surveillance assessment instrument was created, intersecting health system's capacity and influx of internally displaced populations and refugees. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The total new cancer patients per month in pre-conflict Ukraine was estimated as 13,106, of which < 1 % are paediatric cases. The estimated cancer cases in the refugee population (combining prevalent and incident), assuming 7.5 million refugees by July 2022 and a female:male ratio of 9:1, was 33,121 individuals (Poland: 19284; Hungary: 3484; Moldova: 2651; Slovakia: 2421; Romania: 5281). According to our assessments, Poland is the only neighbouring country classified as green/yellow for cancer capacity, i.e. sufficient ablility to absorb additional burden into national health system; Slovakia we graded as yellow, Hungary and Romania as yellow/red and Moldova as red.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Hemelrijck
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - L Fox
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - K Beyer
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - E Fedaraviciute
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - G George
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - H Hadi
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - A Haire
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - J Handford
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - A Mera
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - M J Monroy-Iglesias
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - C L Moss
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - N Perdek
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - B Russell
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - A Santaolalla
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - M Sztankay
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - H Wylie
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - J Jassem
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - M Zubaryev
- National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | | | - R Ortiz
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - A Ilbawi
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - R Camacho
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - F Roitberg
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - A Aggarwal
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
| | - M Lawler
- Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
| | | | - R Sullivan
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, King's College London & Global Oncology Group, London, UK.
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Bell JF, Maki JN, Alwmark S, Ehlmann BL, Fagents SA, Grotzinger JP, Gupta S, Hayes A, Herkenhoff KE, Horgan BHN, Johnson JR, Kinch KB, Lemmon MT, Madsen MB, Núñez JI, Paar G, Rice M, Rice JW, Schmitz N, Sullivan R, Vaughan A, Wolff MJ, Bechtold A, Bosak T, Duflot LE, Fairén AG, Garczynski B, Jaumann R, Merusi M, Million C, Ravanis E, Shuster DL, Simon J, St. Clair M, Tate C, Walter S, Weiss B, Bailey AM, Bertrand T, Beyssac O, Brown AJ, Caballo-Perucha P, Caplinger MA, Caudill CM, Cary F, Cisneros E, Cloutis EA, Cluff N, Corlies P, Crawford K, Curtis S, Deen R, Dixon D, Donaldson C, Barrington M, Ficht M, Fleron S, Hansen M, Harker D, Howson R, Huggett J, Jacob S, Jensen E, Jensen OB, Jodhpurkar M, Joseph J, Juarez C, Kah LC, Kanine O, Kristensen J, Kubacki T, Lapo K, Magee A, Maimone M, Mehall GL, Mehall L, Mollerup J, Viúdez-Moreiras D, Paris K, Powell KE, Preusker F, Proton J, Rojas C, Sallurday D, Saxton K, Scheller E, Seeger CH, Starr M, Stein N, Turenne N, Van Beek J, Winhold AG, Yingling R. Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo4856. [PMID: 36417517 PMCID: PMC9683734 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perseverance's Mastcam-Z instrument provides high-resolution stereo and multispectral images with a unique combination of spatial resolution, spatial coverage, and wavelength coverage along the rover's traverse in Jezero crater, Mars. Images reveal rocks consistent with an igneous (including volcanic and/or volcaniclastic) and/or impactite origin and limited aqueous alteration, including polygonally fractured rocks with weathered coatings; massive boulder-forming bedrock consisting of mafic silicates, ferric oxides, and/or iron-bearing alteration minerals; and coarsely layered outcrops dominated by olivine. Pyroxene dominates the iron-bearing mineralogy in the fine-grained regolith, while olivine dominates the coarse-grained regolith. Solar and atmospheric imaging observations show significant intra- and intersol variations in dust optical depth and water ice clouds, as well as unique examples of boundary layer vortex action from both natural (dust devil) and Ingenuity helicopter-induced dust lifting. High-resolution stereo imaging also provides geologic context for rover operations, other instrument observations, and sample selection, characterization, and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Bell
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Justin N. Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Sanna Alwmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bethany L. Ehlmann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Sarah A. Fagents
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Hayes
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | - Briony H. N. Horgan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Johnson
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Kjartan B. Kinch
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Morten B. Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge I. Núñez
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | | | - Melissa Rice
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - James W. Rice
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - Robert Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Alicia Vaughan
- USGS Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | | | - Andreas Bechtold
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Tanja Bosak
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Alberto G. Fairén
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Astrobiology Center (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Brad Garczynski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ralf Jaumann
- Institute for Geological Sciences, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Merusi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eleni Ravanis
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - David L. Shuster
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Justin Simon
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Christian Tate
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Sebastian Walter
- Institute for Geological Sciences, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weiss
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Bailey
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - Olivier Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne University, Paris 75005, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Cary
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Ernest Cisneros
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - Nathan Cluff
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Paul Corlies
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Kelsie Crawford
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sabrina Curtis
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - Robert Deen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Darian Dixon
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Megan Barrington
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Michelle Ficht
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - David Harker
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rachel Howson
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joshua Huggett
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Samantha Jacob
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Elsa Jensen
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ole B. Jensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohini Jodhpurkar
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jonathan Joseph
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | - Linda C. Kah
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA
| | - Oak Kanine
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Tex Kubacki
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kristiana Lapo
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - Angela Magee
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Greg L. Mehall
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Laura Mehall
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jess Mollerup
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - Daniel Viúdez-Moreiras
- Astrobiology Center (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristen Paris
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Powell
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | | | - Corrine Rojas
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - Kim Saxton
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Eva Scheller
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Mason Starr
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nathan Stein
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Jason Van Beek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Andrew G. Winhold
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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Small C, Sullivan R, O'Hanlon S, Cooney MT, Doyle R. 15 FRAILTY AND ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN HIP FRACTURE PATIENTS. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Frailty is highly prevalent in older hip fracture patients, conferring greater risk of poorer outcomes including increased Length of Stay (LOS), Nursing Home (NH) placement and mortality
Methods
This prospective observational study took place in a large university hospital with a daily trauma list and an established orthogeriatric service. We compared 3 different screening tools; Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Zuckerman’s Functional Recovery Score (FRS) and New Mobility Score (NMS) and their ability to predict outcomes in hip fracture patients. Participants included all hip fracture patients (>/= 60 years old) admitted to the orthopaedic ward from 2016-2018. Scores were assigned by an ortho-geriatrician and were analysed at admission and at 1 year.
Results
Increasing frailty scores were associated with increased mortality, LOS and NH admission rates. Those with a CFS of 4-6 had an increased risk of mortality compared to those with a CFS of 1-3 (OR:3.81, CI 2.15-6.76). Those with a CFS of 7-9 demonstrated increased risk of mortality compared to those without frailty (OR: 8.75, CI 4.58-16.72). Patients with mild-moderate frailty (CFS 4-6) were 5 times more likely to require NH at 1-year (OR 5.09, CI 3.03-8.56) and those with severe frailty (CFS 7-9) were 7 times more likely to be in a NH at 1-year (OR 7.03, CI 3.82-12.94). The moderate frailty group had an inpatient stay 16 days longer than the non-frail group and the severe frailty group, 26 days longer than the non-frail group. Results were similar for FRS and NMS and when adjusted for age. Comparing the discrimination of the different measures for predicting survival, analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves revealed - 0.73 (CFS), 0.72 (NMS) 0.74 (FRS). Interestingly, the mortality rate for men was 32% compared to 21% for females (OR: 1.75 p=0.005).
Conclusion
Assessing frailty with a standardised protocol could reliably estimate the risk of adverse outcomes in hip fracture patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Small
- St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Sullivan
- St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S O'Hanlon
- St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M T Cooney
- St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Doyle
- St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
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Drobni Z, Gong J, Raghu V, Zafar A, Gongora C, Quinaglia T, Suero-Abreu G, Gilman H, Gao X, Sullivan R, Merkely B, Reynolds K, Neilan T. Association between immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy with cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has been associated with a 3-fold higher risk for cardiovascular events as compared to cancer patients who did not receive ICI. Therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have also been associated with a wide range of cardiovascular events. The combination use of ICIs and VEGF inhibitors is currently approved as a treatment for patients with renal-cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and endometrial cancer. Data are lacking whether the combination of ICIs and VEGF-targeted therapy is associated with an additional increase in cardiovascular events.
Purpose
To evaluate whether the combination use of ICI and VEGF targeted therapies are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events as compared to ICI therapy alone, we performed a retrospective matched case-control study.
Methods
Cases received both ICI and VEGF-targeted therapy (n=157), and control patients (n=157) only received ICI therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, ischemic stroke, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism). Patients were censored at time of first event or at last date of follow up. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to calculate hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), counting only the first cardiovascular event.
Results
Baseline characteristics for the cases and controls are shown in Table 1. Overall cases (combination ICI and VEGF inhibitor) and controls (ICI alone) were not different with respect to age, type of cancer, and a prior history of any cardiovascular event. Cases received more ICI cycles as compared to controls (median of 7 [4–17] cycles vs. 4 [2–10] cycles, P<0.001). Cases also had a longer follow-up time (334 [127–663] days vs. 201 [60–564] days, P=0.008) as compared to the control group. As compared to ICI alone, a similar risk for a composite cardiovascular event was observed in those who received both ICI and VEGF-targeted therapy (HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.39–1.25]; P=0.23, Table 1). In total, 21/157 patients had a composite cardiovascular event among the cases, who received the combination of ICI and VEGF inhibitor (9 DVT, one MI, 9 PE, two ischemic strokes) as compared to 25/157 among the controls, who received ICI alone (14 DVT, 3 MI, 7 PE, one ischemic stroke). The median time to event was not different between the two groups (126 [98–260] days vs. 145 [28–205] days, P=0.47).
Conclusion
We found that among 157 patients who received a combination of ICI and VEGF-targeted therapy and 157 matched control patients who only received ICI therapy, the risk for cardiovascular events was not different between the two groups.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Drobni
- Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - J Gong
- Mass General Hopital (MGH), Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Department of Radiology and Division of Cardiology , Boston , United States of America
| | - V Raghu
- Mass General Hopital (MGH), Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Department of Radiology and Division of Cardiology , Boston , United States of America
| | - A Zafar
- Mass General Hopital (MGH), Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Department of Radiology and Division of Cardiology , Boston , United States of America
| | - C Gongora
- Mass General Hopital (MGH), Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Department of Radiology and Division of Cardiology , Boston , United States of America
| | - T Quinaglia
- Mass General Hopital (MGH), Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Department of Radiology and Division of Cardiology , Boston , United States of America
| | - G Suero-Abreu
- Mass General Hopital (MGH), Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Department of Radiology and Division of Cardiology , Boston , United States of America
| | - H Gilman
- Mass General Hopital (MGH), Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Department of Radiology and Division of Cardiology , Boston , United States of America
| | - X Gao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine , Boston , United States of America
| | - R Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine , Boston , United States of America
| | - B Merkely
- Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - K Reynolds
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine , Boston , United States of America
| | - T Neilan
- Mass General Hopital (MGH), Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Department of Radiology and Division of Cardiology , Boston , United States of America
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Lemmon MT, Smith MD, Viudez‐Moreiras D, de la Torre‐Juarez M, Vicente‐Retortillo A, Munguira A, Sanchez‐Lavega A, Hueso R, Martinez G, Chide B, Sullivan R, Toledo D, Tamppari L, Bertrand T, Bell JF, Newman C, Baker M, Banfield D, Rodriguez‐Manfredi JA, Maki JN, Apestigue V. Dust, Sand, and Winds Within an Active Martian Storm in Jezero Crater. Geophys Res Lett 2022; 49:e2022GL100126. [PMID: 36245893 PMCID: PMC9540647 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rovers and landers on Mars have experienced local, regional, and planetary-scale dust storms. However, in situ documentation of active lifting within storms has remained elusive. Over 5-11 January 2022 (LS 153°-156°), a dust storm passed over the Perseverance rover site. Peak visible optical depth was ∼2, and visibility across the crater was briefly reduced. Pressure amplitudes and temperatures responded to the storm. Winds up to 20 m s-1 rotated around the site before the wind sensor was damaged. The rover imaged 21 dust-lifting events-gusts and dust devils-in one 25-min period, and at least three events mobilized sediment near the rover. Rover tracks and drill cuttings were extensively modified, and debris was moved onto the rover deck. Migration of small ripples was seen, but there was no large-scale change in undisturbed areas. This work presents an overview of observations and initial results from the study of the storm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. D. Smith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | | | | | | | - A. Munguira
- Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de BilbaoUPV/EHUBilbaoSpain
| | | | - R. Hueso
- Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de BilbaoUPV/EHUBilbaoSpain
| | | | - B. Chide
- Space and Planetary Exploration TeamLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA
| | | | - D. Toledo
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica AerospacialMadridSpain
| | - L. Tamppari
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | | | | | - M. Baker
- Smithsonian National Air and Space MuseumWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | | | - J. N. Maki
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - V. Apestigue
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica AerospacialMadridSpain
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15
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Reck M, Barlesi F, Yang JH, Westeel V, Felip E, Özgüroğlu M, Dols MC, Sullivan R, Kowalski D, Andric Z, Lee D, Sezer A, Shamrai V, Szalai Z, Wang X, Xiong H, Jacob N, Mehr KT, Park K. OA15.03 Avelumab vs Chemotherapy for First-line Treatment of Advanced PD-L1+ NSCLC: Primary Analysis from JAVELIN Lung 100. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Belardin LB, Légaré C, Sullivan R, Belleannée C, Breton S. Expression of the pro-inflammatory P2Y14 receptor in the non-vasectomized and vasectomized human epididymis. Andrology 2022; 10:1522-1539. [PMID: 36029226 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasectomy causes spermatozoa accumulation in the epididymis, which may cause epididymitis. Inflammation is triggered by alert molecules released following tissue stress or injury. These include UDP-glucose, which activates the pro-inflammatory P2Y14 receptor (P2Y14), and induces immune cell recruitment. However, little is known about P2Y14 in the epididymis and its potential activation following vasectomy. OBJECTIVES (i) to localize P2Y14 in the human excurrent duct; and (ii) to examine the effect of vasectomy on P2Y14 protein and P2RY14 mRNA content, the production of selected cytokines and chemokines, and immune cell recruitment in the epididymis. MATERIAL AND METHODS in situ hybridization, qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed in banked human epididymis samples. RESULTS P2RY14 mRNA and P2Y14 protein were detected in epithelial cells in the efferent duct, epididymis and vas deferens in non-vasectomized men. Keratin 5 (KRT5)-positive basal cells were strongly labeled for P2Y14 in all epididymal segments. A progressive apical localization was detected in principal cells (negative for the proton pump V-ATPase) from the corpus to the cauda. A subset of V-ATPase-positive clear cells also showed strong P2Y14 labeling. Vasectomy induced an increase in P2RY14 mRNA in the corpus and cauda, and stronger apical labeling in principal cells in the corpus. CXCL10 mRNA increased in the cauda and CCL2 mRNA decreased in the corpus of vasectomized versus non-vasectomized men. No change in IL-8 and IL-1β mRNA was detected. Numerous CD45+ leukocytes were detected in the interstitium of the corpus and cauda following vasectomy, while only a few were seen in non-vasectomized men. Several CD45+ leukocytes, some of which containing spermatozoa, were detected in the corpus lumen following vasectomy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our study indicates that vasectomy-induced spermatozoa congestion may lead to an inflamed-prone local environment characterized by potential activation of P2Y14 and recruitment of immune cells in the epididymis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Berloffa Belardin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Légaré
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Sullivan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Clémence Belleannée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Breton
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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17
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Farley KA, Stack KM, Shuster DL, Horgan BHN, Hurowitz JA, Tarnas JD, Simon JI, Sun VZ, Scheller EL, Moore KR, McLennan SM, Vasconcelos PM, Wiens RC, Treiman AH, Mayhew LE, Beyssac O, Kizovski TV, Tosca NJ, Williford KH, Crumpler LS, Beegle LW, Bell JF, Ehlmann BL, Liu Y, Maki JN, Schmidt ME, Allwood AC, Amundsen HEF, Bhartia R, Bosak T, Brown AJ, Clark BC, Cousin A, Forni O, Gabriel TSJ, Goreva Y, Gupta S, Hamran SE, Herd CDK, Hickman-Lewis K, Johnson JR, Kah LC, Kelemen PB, Kinch KB, Mandon L, Mangold N, Quantin-Nataf C, Rice MS, Russell PS, Sharma S, Siljeström S, Steele A, Sullivan R, Wadhwa M, Weiss BP, Williams AJ, Wogsland BV, Willis PA, Acosta-Maeda TA, Beck P, Benzerara K, Bernard S, Burton AS, Cardarelli EL, Chide B, Clavé E, Cloutis EA, Cohen BA, Czaja AD, Debaille V, Dehouck E, Fairén AG, Flannery DT, Fleron SZ, Fouchet T, Frydenvang J, Garczynski BJ, Gibbons EF, Hausrath EM, Hayes AG, Henneke J, Jørgensen JL, Kelly EM, Lasue J, Le Mouélic S, Madariaga JM, Maurice S, Merusi M, Meslin PY, Milkovich SM, Million CC, Moeller RC, Núñez JI, Ollila AM, Paar G, Paige DA, Pedersen DAK, Pilleri P, Pilorget C, Pinet PC, Rice JW, Royer C, Sautter V, Schulte M, Sephton MA, Sharma SK, Sholes SF, Spanovich N, St Clair M, Tate CD, Uckert K, VanBommel SJ, Yanchilina AG, Zorzano MP. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars. Science 2022; 377:eabo2196. [PMID: 36007009 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater's sedimentary delta, finding the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Séítah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Fe-Mg carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with CO2-rich water, under water-poor conditions. Overlying Séítah is a unit informally named Máaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Séítah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks were stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Farley
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K M Stack
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - D L Shuster
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B H N Horgan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J A Hurowitz
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - J D Tarnas
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J I Simon
- Center for Isotope Cosmochemistry and Geochronology, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - V Z Sun
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - E L Scheller
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K R Moore
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S M McLennan
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - P M Vasconcelos
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - R C Wiens
- Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A H Treiman
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - L E Mayhew
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - O Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T V Kizovski
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - N J Tosca
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - K H Williford
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - L S Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 8710, USA
| | - L W Beegle
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J F Bell
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - B L Ehlmann
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J N Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - M E Schmidt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - A C Allwood
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - H E F Amundsen
- Center for Space Sensors and Systems, University of Oslo, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - R Bhartia
- Photon Systems Inc., Covina, CA 91725, USA
| | - T Bosak
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Brown
- Plancius Research, Severna Park, MD 21146, USA
| | - B C Clark
- Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - A Cousin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - O Forni
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - T S J Gabriel
- Astrogeology Science Center, US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Y Goreva
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S-E Hamran
- Center for Space Sensors and Systems, University of Oslo, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - C D K Herd
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - K Hickman-Lewis
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J R Johnson
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - L C Kah
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - P B Kelemen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - K B Kinch
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Mandon
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - N Mangold
- Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nantes Université, Université Angers, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - C Quantin-Nataf
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M S Rice
- Department of Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA
| | - P S Russell
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - S Siljeström
- Department of Methodology, Textiles and Medical Technology, Research Institutes of Sweden, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Steele
- Earth and Planetary Laboratory, Carnegie Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - R Sullivan
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M Wadhwa
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - B P Weiss
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Williams
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - B V Wogsland
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - P A Willis
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - T A Acosta-Maeda
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - P Beck
- Institut de Planétologie et Astrophysique de Grenoble, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - K Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Bernard
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A S Burton
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - E L Cardarelli
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - B Chide
- Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E Clavé
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Bordeaux, France
| | - E A Cloutis
- Centre for Terrestrial and Planetary Exploration, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - B A Cohen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - A D Czaja
- Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - V Debaille
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Dehouck
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A G Fairén
- Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, 28850 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - D T Flannery
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - S Z Fleron
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Fouchet
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - J Frydenvang
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B J Garczynski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - E F Gibbons
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E8, Canada
| | - E M Hausrath
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - A G Hayes
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J Henneke
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J L Jørgensen
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - E M Kelly
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - J Lasue
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - S Le Mouélic
- Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nantes Université, Université Angers, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - J M Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - S Maurice
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - M Merusi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P-Y Meslin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - S M Milkovich
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - R C Moeller
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J I Núñez
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - A M Ollila
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - G Paar
- Institute for Information and Communication Technologies, Joanneum Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - D A Paige
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - D A K Pedersen
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - P Pilleri
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - C Pilorget
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - P C Pinet
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - J W Rice
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - C Royer
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V Sautter
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Schulte
- Mars Exploration Program, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
| | - M A Sephton
- Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S K Sharma
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - S F Sholes
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - N Spanovich
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - M St Clair
- Million Concepts, Louisville, KY 40204, USA
| | - C D Tate
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - K Uckert
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - S J VanBommel
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - M-P Zorzano
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Ahmed M, Sawhney M, Baranga L, Ali N, Sullivan R. Incidental Discovery of a Chronically Ruptured Ovarian Dermoid in a Patient With Right Upper Quadrant Pain. Cureus 2022; 14:e26035. [PMID: 35865446 PMCID: PMC9293269 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian neoplasms are categorized based on histopathologic features into epithelial surface cell tumors, germ cell tumors (teratomas), sex cord-stromal tumors, and metastases. Teratomas are the most common ovarian germ cell neoplasms. They are generally slow-growing lesions and can get fairly large before becoming symptomatic. The lesions are often incidentally discovered during imaging for other diagnostic purposes. Complications are uncommon but occur more commonly with larger lesions and include torsion, malignant degeneration, rupture, and rarely infection. When sizable, ovarian dermoid can rarely rupture and result in spillage of proteinaceous content into the peritoneal cavity, which can lead to chemical peritonitis. Additionally, the lesion can fragment into smaller lesions and can get implanted at different sites within the abdomen and pelvis. We present a case with an atypical presentation of a ruptured dermoid in a patient presenting with right upper quadrant pain who underwent sonographic evaluation, which demonstrated acute calculus cholecystitis but incidentally was found to have a partially calcified right subphrenic mass. Subsequent evaluation with computed tomography (CT) demonstrated multiple scattered peritoneal and mesenteric masses containing fat and calcification, highly suggestive of a chronically ruptured dermoid cyst.
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19
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Aggarwal A, Lievens Y, Sullivan R, Nolte E. What Really Matters for Cancer Care – Health Systems Strengthening or Technological Innovation? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:430-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Sullivan R, Jones J, Williams C, Kilfoil E, MacIntosh D, Stewart MJ. A139 EQUITY IN ACCESS TO COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING IN NOVA SCOTIA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs aim to minimize inequities in participation through universal access, however, there remain disparities associated with low education, socio-economic status, and population centre. In the United States racialized groups have lower screening participation, and Black and Indigenous adults have higher CRC mortality. There is no Canadian data on racialized group participation in CRC screening because racial and ethnic data is not routinely collected. The Nova Scotia Colon Cancer Prevention Program (NSCCPP) mails fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) biennially to all residents aged 50–74 and allows for optional self-identified race and ethnicity.
Aims
To determine whether participation rates in the NSCCPP differ on the basis of race/ethnicity, age, sex, or population centre. In this preliminary analysis we report screening participation on the basis of race/ethnicity.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed using the NSCCPP database to identify screen-eligible adults who returned a FIT to the program (i.e. participated) from 2011 to 2021. Racialized groups were identified based on self-identification form results allowing for multiple category selections. Race/Ethnicity was categorized as White, Black/African Canadian, Indigenous, Asian, Middle Eastern. The 2016 Canadian census was used to estimate the screen-eligible population (age 50–74) and race/ethnicity group population sizes. Unique participants were identified as individuals who returned one or more FITs in the study period. Unique participants were compared to the screen-eligible population to estimate participation over the 10-year study period.
Results
508,533 FITs were returned over 10 years by 208,702 unique participants. The number of annual FITs returned ranged from 14,066 in 2011 to 65,746 in 2019. Participants were 56% female, 44% male, with a mean age 62.8 (± 7.0). FIT status was 89% negative, 7% positive, and 4% indeterminate. 96% (n=490,398) of participants provided self-identification data. Table 1 provides the screen-eligible population, unique participants, and FIT participation over the 10-year study period all characterized by race/ethnicity. Over 10 years, 59% of the eligible population participated in CRC screening by returning at least one FIT.
Conclusions
CRC screening participation by race/ethnicity in Canada is unknown. This analysis of the NSCCPP suggests that participation by racialized individuals including Black/African Canadian, Asian, and Indigenous, are lower relative to White individuals. Further analyses will explore race/ethnicity and gender in terms of temporal and geographic trends.
Table 1.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sullivan
- Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J Jones
- Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - C Williams
- Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - E Kilfoil
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - D MacIntosh
- Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M J Stewart
- Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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21
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McAteer C, Sullivan R, McRory C, O’Domhnaill O, Murphy DE, Rehman MA, Muller T, Gallagher M, Miranda J, Parihar V, Mulpeter K. 95 DOCUMENTATION OF URINARY CATHETER INDICATION AND INSERTION PROCEDURE FOR MEDICAL INPATIENTS AT A UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Approximately 25% of inpatients have urinary catheters at some point during their hospital stay; over half are deemed inappropriate. This is significant as catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) increase morbidity, mortality and length of hospitalisation. Lack of medical documentation and clinician awareness of catheters have been identified as risk factors for inappropriate catheterisation. The aim of this audit was to assess inpatient urinary catheter use among medical inpatients to determine if the indication and insertion procedure were clearly documented.
Methods
The audit was conducted over one day and included all medical inpatients aged 18 years and above. Emergency Department and High Dependency patients were excluded. Data was collected using standardised data collection sheets and involved a review of medical/nursing notes. Data was benchmarked against Health Service Executive guidelines.
Results
27 of 132 medical inpatients (20%) had a urinary catheter in situ on the day of audit. 37% (n = 10) had long-term urinary catheters in situ prior to admission and are not considered further. Of the remaining 63% (n = 17), 9 were female (53%), 8 were male (47%), and the average age was 75 years. Indication was documented in nursing notes for 76% and in medical notes for 53%. Indications included monitoring urinary output (29%), urinary retention (24%), sepsis (18%), comfort (6%) and haematuria (6%). Catheter insertion procedure was documented in nursing notes for 59% and in medical notes for 12%.
Conclusion
One fifth of medical inpatients had urinary catheters on the day of audit. 63% of these patients did not have a catheter prior to admission. Overall medical documentation of catheter indication and insertion procedure is poor. Better documentation would likely improve clinician awareness of their patient’s catheters and prompt earlier review of appropriateness. Education sessions, insertion proforma stickers and catheter review reminder systems are suggested to improve documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McAteer
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - R Sullivan
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - C McRory
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - O O’Domhnaill
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - D E Murphy
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - M A Rehman
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - T Muller
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - M Gallagher
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - J Miranda
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - V Parihar
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
| | - K Mulpeter
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland
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22
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Sullivan R, McCauley H, Macgregor B, Mulpeter K. 109 OUTCOMES FOLLOWING NECK OF FEMUR FRACTURES IN A UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Neck of femur (NOF) fractures cause significant morbidity and mortality. Many require off site rehabilitation and it can lead to a new functional baseline with increased care needs. The objective of this study was to explore this impact on patients with NOF fractures in a university teaching hospital.
Methods
This retrospective observational study was performed on admitted patients with NOF fractures in 2019. Using a structured proforma, data was collected from the patients’ electronic record and from follow up telephone consultations at one year. Frailty and functional capacity was assessed at one year using the Clinical Frailty Scale and the Barthel Index.
Results
123 patients had a NOF fracture from January to December 2019. The female to men ratio was 2:1 and the average age was 79 years. The majority of patients were admitted from home (86%). At baseline, 58% mobilised independently without aids. On discharge, 39% were transferred to offsite rehab, 41% discharged home and 13% were discharged to a nursing home.
At one year, the mortality rate was 26% which is comparable with other studies [1]. 30% had a new home care package and 19.4% were in a nursing home. 75% were readmitted with a third due to falls. On average, patients were classified as mild to moderately frail (CFS of 4.84) with moderate dependency (Barthel Index of 76.5).
Conclusion
Hip fractures have a high mortality rate and have a significant impact on patient’s function with a third requiring extra support at home and a fifth requiring a nursing home admission. Frailty tools may be useful to help predict outcomes in the future.
Reference
1. Schell et al., The 1-Year Mortality of Patients Treated in a Hip Fracture Program for Elders, Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2010 Sep; 1(1): 6–14.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sullivan
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - H McCauley
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - B Macgregor
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - K Mulpeter
- Letterkenny University Hospital , Letterkenny, Ireland
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23
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Weber J, Muramatsu T, Hamid O, Mehnert J, Hodi F, Krishnarajapet S, Malatyali S, Buchbinder E, Goldberg J, Sullivan R, Faries M, Mehmi I. 1040O Phase II trial of ipilimumab, nivolumab and tocilizumab for unresectable metastatic melanoma. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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24
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Fundytus A, Wells JC, Sharma S, Hopman WM, Del Paggio JC, Gyawali B, Mukherji D, Hammad N, Pramesh CS, Aggarwal A, Sullivan R, Booth CM. Industry Funding of Oncology Randomised Controlled Trials: Implications for Design, Results and Interpretation. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 34:28-35. [PMID: 34479769 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Most randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in oncology are now funded by the pharmaceutical industry. We explore the extent to which RCT design, results and interpretation differ between industry-funded and non-industry-funded RCTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, a structured literature search was used to identify all oncology RCTs published globally during 2014-2017. Industry funding was identified based on explicit statements in the publication. Descriptive statistics were used to compare elements of trial methodology and output between industry- and non-industry-funded RCTs. RESULTS The study sample included 694 RCTs; 71% were funded by industry. Industry-funded trials were more likely to test systemic therapy (97% versus 62%; P < 0.001), palliative-intent therapy (71% versus 41%; P < 0.001) and study breast cancer (20% versus 12%; P < 0.001). Industry-funded trials were larger (median sample size 474 versus 375; P < 0.001) and more likely to meet their primary end point (49% versus 41%; P < 0.001). Among positive trials, there were no differences in the magnitude of benefit between industry- and non-industry-funded RCTs. Trials funded by industry were published in journals that had a significantly higher median impact factor (21, interquartile range 7, 28) than non-industry-funded trials (impact factor 12, interquartile range 5, 24; P = 0.005); this persisted when adjusted for whether a trial was positive or negative. CONCLUSIONS The vast majority of oncology RCTs are now funded by industry. Industry-funded trials are larger, more likely to be positive, predominantly test systemic therapies in the palliative setting and are published in higher impact journals than trials without industry support.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fundytus
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J C Wells
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Sharma
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - W M Hopman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J C Del Paggio
- Department of Oncology, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Gyawali
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Mukherji
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - N Hammad
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - C S Pramesh
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - A Aggarwal
- Institute of Cancer Policy, King's College London, London, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - R Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C M Booth
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Ashcroft S, Howard L, Patel R, Churchill T, Carras E, Sadigh D, Sullivan R. Systemic contact dermatitis, itching to find a cause: the penny drops. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1160-1162. [PMID: 34050553 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ashcroft
- Departments of, Department of, General Medicine, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Howard
- Department of Dermatology, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, UK
| | - R Patel
- Department of, Gastroenterology, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
| | - T Churchill
- Departments of, Department of, General Medicine, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Carras
- Department of, Dermatology, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Sadigh
- Department of, Gastroenterology, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Sullivan
- Department of, Care of Older People, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
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26
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Hayes AG, Corlies P, Tate C, Barrington M, Bell JF, Maki JN, Caplinger M, Ravine M, Kinch KM, Herkenhoff K, Horgan B, Johnson J, Lemmon M, Paar G, Rice MS, Jensen E, Kubacki TM, Cloutis E, Deen R, Ehlmann BL, Lakdawalla E, Sullivan R, Winhold A, Parkinson A, Bailey Z, van Beek J, Caballo-Perucha P, Cisneros E, Dixon D, Donaldson C, Jensen OB, Kuik J, Lapo K, Magee A, Merusi M, Mollerup J, Scudder N, Seeger C, Stanish E, Starr M, Thompson M, Turenne N, Winchell K. Pre-Flight Calibration of the Mars 2020 Rover Mastcam Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imager. Space Sci Rev 2021; 217:29. [PMID: 33678912 PMCID: PMC7892537 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-021-00795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The NASA Perseverance rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) system is a pair of zoomable, focusable, multi-spectral, and color charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras mounted on top of a 1.7 m Remote Sensing Mast, along with associated electronics and two calibration targets. The cameras contain identical optical assemblies that can range in focal length from 26 mm ( 25.5 ∘ × 19.1 ∘ FOV ) to 110 mm ( 6.2 ∘ × 4.2 ∘ FOV ) and will acquire data at pixel scales of 148-540 μm at a range of 2 m and 7.4-27 cm at 1 km. The cameras are mounted on the rover's mast with a stereo baseline of 24.3 ± 0.1 cm and a toe-in angle of 1.17 ± 0.03 ∘ (per camera). Each camera uses a Kodak KAI-2020 CCD with 1600 × 1200 active pixels and an 8 position filter wheel that contains an IR-cutoff filter for color imaging through the detectors' Bayer-pattern filters, a neutral density (ND) solar filter for imaging the sun, and 6 narrow-band geology filters (16 total filters). An associated Digital Electronics Assembly provides command data interfaces to the rover, 11-to-8 bit companding, and JPEG compression capabilities. Herein, we describe pre-flight calibration of the Mastcam-Z instrument and characterize its radiometric and geometric behavior. Between April 26 t h and May 9 t h , 2019, ∼45,000 images were acquired during stand-alone calibration at Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) in San Diego, CA. Additional data were acquired during Assembly Test and Launch Operations (ATLO) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Kennedy Space Center. Results of the radiometric calibration validate a 5% absolute radiometric accuracy when using camera state parameters investigated during testing. When observing using camera state parameters not interrogated during calibration (e.g., non-canonical zoom positions), we conservatively estimate the absolute uncertainty to be < 10 % . Image quality, measured via the amplitude of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) at Nyquist sampling (0.35 line pairs per pixel), shows MTF Nyquist = 0.26 - 0.50 across all zoom, focus, and filter positions, exceeding the > 0.2 design requirement. We discuss lessons learned from calibration and suggest tactical strategies that will optimize the quality of science data acquired during operation at Mars. While most results matched expectations, some surprises were discovered, such as a strong wavelength and temperature dependence on the radiometric coefficients and a scene-dependent dynamic component to the zero-exposure bias frames. Calibration results and derived accuracies were validated using a Geoboard target consisting of well-characterized geologic samples. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11214-021-00795-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Hayes
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
| | - P. Corlies
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - C. Tate
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
| | - M. Barrington
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287 USA
| | - J. N. Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - M. Caplinger
- Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - M. Ravine
- Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - K. M. Kinch
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K. Herkenhoff
- USGS Astrogeology Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA
| | - B. Horgan
- Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - J. Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - M. Lemmon
- Space Science Institute, 4765 Walnut St., Suite B, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
| | - G. Paar
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - M. S. Rice
- Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA
| | - E. Jensen
- Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - T. M. Kubacki
- Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - E. Cloutis
- Geography Department, University of Winnepeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9 Canada
| | - R. Deen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - B. L. Ehlmann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA
| | - E. Lakdawalla
- The Planetary Society, 60 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA
| | - R. Sullivan
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
| | - A. Winhold
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287 USA
| | - A. Parkinson
- Centre for Terrestrial and Planetary Exploration, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9 Canada
| | - Z. Bailey
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. van Beek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - P. Caballo-Perucha
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - E. Cisneros
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287 USA
| | - D. Dixon
- Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - C. Donaldson
- Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - O. B. Jensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Kuik
- Centre for Terrestrial and Planetary Exploration, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9 Canada
| | - K. Lapo
- Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA
| | - A. Magee
- Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - M. Merusi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Mollerup
- Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA
| | - N. Scudder
- Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - C. Seeger
- Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA
| | - E. Stanish
- Centre for Terrestrial and Planetary Exploration, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9 Canada
| | - M. Starr
- Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - M. Thompson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - N. Turenne
- Centre for Terrestrial and Planetary Exploration, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9 Canada
| | - K. Winchell
- Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
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27
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Newman CE, de la Torre Juárez M, Pla-García J, Wilson RJ, Lewis SR, Neary L, Kahre MA, Forget F, Spiga A, Richardson MI, Daerden F, Bertrand T, Viúdez-Moreiras D, Sullivan R, Sánchez-Lavega A, Chide B, Rodriguez-Manfredi JA. Multi-model Meteorological and Aeolian Predictions for Mars 2020 and the Jezero Crater Region. Space Sci Rev 2021; 217:20. [PMID: 33583960 PMCID: PMC7868679 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nine simulations are used to predict the meteorology and aeolian activity of the Mars 2020 landing site region. Predicted seasonal variations of pressure and surface and atmospheric temperature generally agree. Minimum and maximum pressure is predicted at Ls ∼ 145 ∘ and 250 ∘ , respectively. Maximum and minimum surface and atmospheric temperature are predicted at Ls ∼ 180 ∘ and 270 ∘ , respectively; i.e., are warmest at northern fall equinox not summer solstice. Daily pressure cycles vary more between simulations, possibly due to differences in atmospheric dust distributions. Jezero crater sits inside and close to the NW rim of the huge Isidis basin, whose daytime upslope (∼east-southeasterly) and nighttime downslope (∼northwesterly) winds are predicted to dominate except around summer solstice, when the global circulation produces more southerly wind directions. Wind predictions vary hugely, with annual maximum speeds varying from 11 to 19 ms - 1 and daily mean wind speeds peaking in the first half of summer for most simulations but in the second half of the year for two. Most simulations predict net annual sand transport toward the WNW, which is generally consistent with aeolian observations, and peak sand fluxes in the first half of summer, with the weakest fluxes around winter solstice due to opposition between the global circulation and daytime upslope winds. However, one simulation predicts transport toward the NW, while another predicts fluxes peaking later and transport toward the WSW. Vortex activity is predicted to peak in summer and dip around winter solstice, and to be greater than at InSight and much greater than in Gale crater. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11214-020-00788-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. de la Torre Juárez
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA
| | - J. Pla-García
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), 28850 Madrid, Spain
- Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
| | | | | | - L. Neary
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - F. Forget
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (LMD/IPSL), Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique, École Normale Supérieure (ENS), 75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Spiga
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (LMD/IPSL), Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique, École Normale Supérieure (ENS), 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - F. Daerden
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T. Bertrand
- Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA USA
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France
| | | | - R. Sullivan
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | | | - B. Chide
- Institut Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace (ISAE), Toulouse, France
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28
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Bell JF, Maki JN, Mehall GL, Ravine MA, Caplinger MA, Bailey ZJ, Brylow S, Schaffner JA, Kinch KM, Madsen MB, Winhold A, Hayes AG, Corlies P, Tate C, Barrington M, Cisneros E, Jensen E, Paris K, Crawford K, Rojas C, Mehall L, Joseph J, Proton JB, Cluff N, Deen RG, Betts B, Cloutis E, Coates AJ, Colaprete A, Edgett KS, Ehlmann BL, Fagents S, Grotzinger JP, Hardgrove C, Herkenhoff KE, Horgan B, Jaumann R, Johnson JR, Lemmon M, Paar G, Caballo-Perucha M, Gupta S, Traxler C, Preusker F, Rice MS, Robinson MS, Schmitz N, Sullivan R, Wolff MJ. The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imaging Investigation. Space Sci Rev 2021; 217:24. [PMID: 33612866 PMCID: PMC7883548 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mastcam-Z is a multispectral, stereoscopic imaging investigation on the Mars 2020 mission's Perseverance rover. Mastcam-Z consists of a pair of focusable, 4:1 zoomable cameras that provide broadband red/green/blue and narrowband 400-1000 nm color imaging with fields of view from 25.6° × 19.2° (26 mm focal length at 283 μrad/pixel) to 6.2° × 4.6° (110 mm focal length at 67.4 μrad/pixel). The cameras can resolve (≥ 5 pixels) ∼0.7 mm features at 2 m and ∼3.3 cm features at 100 m distance. Mastcam-Z shares significant heritage with the Mastcam instruments on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. Each Mastcam-Z camera consists of zoom, focus, and filter wheel mechanisms and a 1648 × 1214 pixel charge-coupled device detector and electronics. The two Mastcam-Z cameras are mounted with a 24.4 cm stereo baseline and 2.3° total toe-in on a camera plate ∼2 m above the surface on the rover's Remote Sensing Mast, which provides azimuth and elevation actuation. A separate digital electronics assembly inside the rover provides power, data processing and storage, and the interface to the rover computer. Primary and secondary Mastcam-Z calibration targets mounted on the rover top deck enable tactical reflectance calibration. Mastcam-Z multispectral, stereo, and panoramic images will be used to provide detailed morphology, topography, and geologic context along the rover's traverse; constrain mineralogic, photometric, and physical properties of surface materials; monitor and characterize atmospheric and astronomical phenomena; and document the rover's sample extraction and caching locations. Mastcam-Z images will also provide key engineering information to support sample selection and other rover driving and tool/instrument operations decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. A. Ravine
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | | | - S. Brylow
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C. Tate
- Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY USA
| | | | | | - E. Jensen
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | - K. Paris
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | - C. Rojas
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | | | | | - N. Cluff
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | - B. Betts
- The Planetary Society, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Univ. College, London, UK
| | - A. Colaprete
- NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA
| | - K. S. Edgett
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | - B. L. Ehlmann
- JPL/Caltech, Pasadena, CA USA
- Caltech, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R. Jaumann
- Inst. of Geological Sciences, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M. Lemmon
- Space Science Inst., Boulder, CO USA
| | - G. Paar
- Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - F. Preusker
- DLR/German Aerospace Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. S. Rice
- Western Washington Univ., Bellingham, WA USA
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29
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Cherny N, Sullivan R, Torode J, Saar M, Eniu A. Corrigendum to “ESMO European Consortium Study on the availability, out-of-pocket costs and accessibility of antineoplastic medicines in Europe”. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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30
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Robertson MJ, Kent K, Tharp N, Nozawa K, Dean L, Mathew M, Grimm SL, Yu Z, Légaré C, Fujihara Y, Ikawa M, Sullivan R, Coarfa C, Matzuk MM, Garcia TX. Large-scale discovery of male reproductive tract-specific genes through analysis of RNA-seq datasets. BMC Biol 2020; 18:103. [PMID: 32814578 PMCID: PMC7436996 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of a safe, effective, reversible, non-hormonal contraceptive method for men has been an ongoing effort for the past few decades. However, despite significant progress on elucidating the function of key proteins involved in reproduction, understanding male reproductive physiology is limited by incomplete information on the genes expressed in reproductive tissues, and no contraceptive targets have so far reached clinical trials. To advance product development, further identification of novel reproductive tract-specific genes leading to potentially druggable protein targets is imperative. Results In this study, we expand on previous single tissue, single species studies by integrating analysis of publicly available human and mouse RNA-seq datasets whose initial published purpose was not focused on identifying male reproductive tract-specific targets. We also incorporate analysis of additional newly acquired human and mouse testis and epididymis samples to increase the number of targets identified. We detected a combined total of 1178 genes for which no previous evidence of male reproductive tract-specific expression was annotated, many of which are potentially druggable targets. Through RT-PCR, we confirmed the reproductive tract-specific expression of 51 novel orthologous human and mouse genes without a reported mouse model. Of these, we ablated four epididymis-specific genes (Spint3, Spint4, Spint5, and Ces5a) and two testis-specific genes (Pp2d1 and Saxo1) in individual or double knockout mice generated through the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Our results validate a functional requirement for Spint4/5 and Ces5a in male mouse fertility, while demonstrating that Spint3, Pp2d1, and Saxo1 are each individually dispensable for male mouse fertility. Conclusions Our work provides a plethora of novel testis- and epididymis-specific genes and elucidates the functional requirement of several of these genes, which is essential towards understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Robertson
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kent
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX, 77058, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nathan Tharp
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX, 77058, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kaori Nozawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laura Dean
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX, 77058, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michelle Mathew
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX, 77058, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christine Légaré
- Department Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Division, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibeshinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Robert Sullivan
- Department Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Division, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Thomas X Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX, 77058, USA. .,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Chourasia AH, Fung L, Pasis A, McElwee B, Schoolmeesters A, Richard N, Lam I, Torres E, Erdman P, Sullivan R, Hecht D, Chan KW, Mercurio F, Stirling DI. Abstract 1963: Targeting hematological malignancies with two functionally and mechanistically distinct classes of cereblon mediated protein homeostatic modulators. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BioTheryX's novel and unique Protein Homeostatic Modulators (PHMsTM) are small molecule “molecular glues” that promote ubiquitination of substrate proteins by the CRL4CRBN (CUL4-DDB1-RBX1-CRBN) ubiquitin ligase, leading to their subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. The therapeutic benefit of targeted protein degradation via cereblon (CRBN) has been clinically validated by the immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide in 5q-deletion-associated myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma, respectively. We present PHM® therapeutic candidates with novel targeted degradation profiles of disease-relevant proteins including GSPT1, Ikaros, and CK1α via CRBN with significant clinical potential in the treatment of hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors.
Phenotypic screens of our proprietary PHM® library has led to the discovery of compounds that exhibit significant cytotoxicity in human AML and lymphoma cell lines, unlike classical IMiDs such as lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Cell viability assays revealed that these PHMsTM have IC50s in the low-nanomolar range. Importantly, they exhibit a large in vitro safety window with higher IC50s in normal human liver epithelial cells. The compounds are highly potent and can achieve significant AML and lymphoma selective cytotoxicity with short-term exposure of only 8 hours suggesting a highly rapid mechanism of action. Immunoblot analysis shows that the PHMsTM degrade CRBN substrates such as GSPT1, Ikaros and CK-1α and concomitantly activate the apoptosis machinery within 6 hours of treatment. The substrate degradation profile of PHMsTM combined with the cytokine profile divides the PHMsTM into two distinct mechanistic and functional classes of molecules - (1) purely cytotoxic, and (2) cytotoxic and immune-modulatory PHMsTM. Human PBMCs activated with lipopolysaccharide or α-CD3 followed by DMSO or compound treatment for 24 hours revealed that PHMsTM belonging to the latter class inhibit proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as induce IL-2, an indicator of T cell activation, and are a 100-fold more potent than pomalidomide.
In vivo efficacy of BTX-PHMsTM was evaluated using the MV-4-11 human AML xenograft model in athymic nude mice. The study shows a significant reduction in tumor volume with daily dosing, further establishing the PHMsTM as clinical candidates for AML. Of significance, is the effect of BTX1188 that completely obliterates the tumors within 30 days of dosing and maintains tumor free animals until the end of the study. The effective short-term exposure in vitro is also reflected in vivo where intermittent dosing with the PHM results in significant reduction in tumor volume. Finally, BTX-PHMsTM exhibit significant oral bioavailability, thus making them promising clinical candidates for treatment of hematological malignancies as well as early discovery candidates for solid tumors.
Citation Format: Aparajita Hoskote Chourasia, Leah Fung, Angela Pasis, Brooke McElwee, Angela Schoolmeesters, Normand Richard, Imelda Lam, Eduardo Torres, Paul Erdman, Robert Sullivan, David Hecht, Kyle W. Chan, Frank Mercurio, David I. Stirling. Targeting hematological malignancies with two functionally and mechanistically distinct classes of cereblon mediated protein homeostatic modulators [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1963.
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Zou J, Jones RJ, Wang H, Kuiatse I, Shirazi F, Manasanch EE, Lee HC, Sullivan R, Fung L, Richard N, Erdman P, Torres E, Hecht D, Lam I, McElwee B, Chourasia AH, Chan KWH, Mercurio F, Stirling DI, Orlowski RZ. The novel protein homeostatic modulator BTX306 is active in myeloma and overcomes bortezomib and lenalidomide resistance. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1161-1173. [PMID: 32632752 PMCID: PMC10838157 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules targeting the cereblon-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase including thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide modulate turnover of downstream client proteins and demonstrate pre-clinical and clinical anti-myeloma activity. Different drugs that engage with cereblon hold the potential of unique phenotypic effects, and we therefore studied the novel protein homeostatic modulator (PHM™) BTX306 with a unique thiophene-fused scaffold bearing a substituted phenylurea and glutarimide. This agent much more potently reduced human-derived myeloma cell line viability, with median inhibitory concentrations in the single nanomolar range versus micromolar values for lenalidomide or pomalidomide, and more potently activated caspases 3/8/9. While lenalidomide and pomalidomide induced greater degradation of Ikaros and Aiolos in myeloma cells, BTX306 more potently reduced levels of GSPT1, eRF1, CK1α, MCL-1, and c-MYC. Suppression of cereblon or overexpression of Aiolos or Ikaros induced relative resistance to BTX306, and this agent did not impact viability of murine hematopoietic cells in an in vivo model, demonstrating its specificity for human cereblon. Interestingly, BTX306 did show some reduced activity in lenalidomide-resistant cell line models but nonetheless retained its nanomolar potency in vitro, overcame bortezomib resistance, and was equipotent against otherwise isogenic cell line models with either wild-type or knockout TP53. Finally, BTX306 demonstrated strong activity against primary CD138-positive plasma cells, showed enhanced anti-proliferative activity in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone, and was effective in an in vivo systemic model of multiple myeloma. Taken together, the data support further translational studies of BTX306 and its derivatives to the clinic for patients with relapsed and/or refractory myeloma. KEY MESSAGES: BTX306 has a unique thiophene-fused scaffold bearing phenylurea and glutarimide. BTX306 is more potent against myeloma cells than lenalidomide or pomalidomide. BTX306 overcomes myeloma cell resistance to lenalidomide or bortezomib in vitro. BTX306 is active against primary myeloma cells, and shows efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxuan Zou
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 429, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard J Jones
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 429, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 429, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Isere Kuiatse
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 429, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fazal Shirazi
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 429, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elisabet E Manasanch
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 429, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hans C Lee
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 429, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Hecht
- School of Mathematics, Science & Engineering, Southwestern College, Chula Vista, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 429, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Bricknell M, Hinrichs-Krapels S, Ismail S, Sullivan R. Understanding the structure of a country’s health service providers for defence health engagement. BMJ Mil Health 2020; 167:454-456. [PMID: 32503861 PMCID: PMC8639950 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
There are a variety of structural and systems frameworks for describing the building blocks of country’s public health and health systems. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for a holistic view of a country’s health service providers in order to inform the plan for Defence Health Engagement activities with partner countries. This includes all potential government ministries involved in healthcare provision, the independent, private sector and the non-government organisation/charity sector. The framework provides a visualisation to support the analysis of a country’s health services providers. We propose that recognising and analysing the different contributions of all these national health providers is essential for understanding the wider political economy of a nation’s health systems. This can inform a plan of Defence Health Engagement for capacity building in crisis response, development and health systems strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bricknell
- Conflict and Health Research Group, King's College London-Strand Campus, London, UK
| | | | - S Ismail
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - R Sullivan
- Conflict and Health Research Group, King's College London, London, UK
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Wilkin AM, Sullivan R, Trinh T, Edson M, Kozlowski B, Meckling KA. Differential effects of the 1,25D3-MARRS receptor (ERp57/PDIA3) on murine mammary gland development depend on the vitamin D3 dose. Steroids 2020; 158:108621. [PMID: 32119872 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) is the most potent biologically active form of vitamin D3. Its actions on the mammary gland include cell growth inhibition and anti-cancer effects. This study's purpose was to explore the role of the 1,25D3-membrane associated rapid response steroid (MARRS) receptor in the mammary gland using a tissue-specific knockout mouse model and a vitamin D3 dietary intervention. Three genotype groups were created using the Cre/loxp system to knock-down (+/-) and knockout (-/-) the MARRS receptor in epithelial cells of mammary glands (MG). Abdominal MGs were collected from 6-week old female mice (n = 94) on diets of 10,000 IU/kg (excess), 1,000 IU/kg (sufficient) or 0 IU/kg (deficient) of D3. There was a significant interaction between genotype and diet regarding number of terminal end buds (TEBs) (p = 0.001) and ductal coverage of the fat pad (p = 0.03). MARRS -/- mice on the sufficient diet had significantly fewer TEBs (p = 0.001) compared to MARRS +/+ on the same diet, but the opposite effect was seen in mice on the excess diet. There were no effects of genotype on TEBs when animals were vitamin D3 deficient. These results suggest that there is an effect of MARRS on mammary gland development that is dependent on 25(OH)D status, specifically, altering the number of highly proliferative TEBs. Increased numbers of TEBs have been correlated with increased breast cancer risk later in life. Therefore the results of this study warrant further examination of 25(OH)D status and recommendations in adolescent humans to reduce dietary effects on future breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Wilkin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E. Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Robert Sullivan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E. Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E. Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Michael Edson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E. Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Kozlowski
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E. Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Kelly A Meckling
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E. Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Horne S, Bricknell M, Sullivan R. Defence healthcare engagement is about more than simply the humanitarian response. BMJ Mil Health 2020; 166:281. [PMID: 32086273 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2019-001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Horne
- Conflict & Health Research Group, King's College London, London, UK .,Academic Department of Military Emergency Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Bricknell
- Conflict and Health Research Group, King's College London - Strand Campus, London, UK
| | - R Sullivan
- King's Centre for Global Health, King's College London, London, UK
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Légaré C, Sullivan R. Differential gene expression profiles of human efferent ducts and proximal epididymis. Andrology 2020; 8:625-636. [PMID: 31880400 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression patterns along the epididymis are established by specific transcription factor networks that coordinate region-specific functions. In rodents, the epididymis can be divided in up to 19 segments. Based on gross anatomy, the human epididymis is divided into caput, corpus, and cauda segments together with efferent ducts that occupy the proximal part of this organ. OBJECTIVES To determine to which extent gene expression pattern is segmented along the efferent ducts and the proximal region of the epididymis in men of reproductive age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epididymal transcriptome profiling was performed on eight distinct regions from three donors. Microarray analysis was performed on a gene-chip microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs)>2-fold change (P < .05) were clustered in relation to their intensity profiles. Overrepresented biological functions from gene ontology were searched using DAVID 6.8. Expression profiles were validated by qRT-PCR quantification of selected genes. RESULTS There were no DEGs among segments 1-3 of efferent ducts region neither among segments 4-6 of the caput epididymis. 1058 DEGs were identified between efferent ducts and the epididymis, whereas 444 and 846 DEGs distinguished the caput from the corpus (section 7) and cauda (section 8) epididymis, respectively. A total of 131 DEGs were detected between corpus (7) and cauda (8) transcriptomes. Up-regulated DEGs in the efferent ducts were predominantly related to cilium assembly/movement and cell differentiation. Fertilization, defense, and immune responses were associated with caput epididymis (4-6), while spermatogenesis and protein binding were found all along the epididymis (4-8). DISCUSSION The proximal human epididymis is exclusively occupied by efferent ducts with a distinct DEG profile compared with the downstream epididymal segments. Moreover, gene expression profiling revealed two regions in the human epididymis: the caput and the distal corpus/cauda region. CONCLUSIONS Human epididymal transcriptome reveals limited DEGs, and efferent ducts have a distinct DEGs profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Légaré
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Division, CHU de Quebec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Sullivan
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Division, CHU de Quebec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Seruga B, Sullivan R, Fundytus A, Hopman W, Ocana A, Joffe J, Bodoky G, Le Tourneau C, Vanderpuye V, Lopes G, Hammad N, Sengar M, Brundage M, Booth C. Medical Oncology Workload in Europe: One Continent, Several Worlds. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:e19-e26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Hayes MA, Jemilo S, Muir P, Sullivan R, Bleedorn JA. Pathologic fracture healing after femoral limb salvage in a dog. Aust Vet J 2019; 98:84-89. [PMID: 31792933 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone sarcomas are a significant cause of pain, disability, and mortality in dogs. A variety of surgical limb salvage options are available to preserve limb function with comparable prognosis to amputation. CASE REPORT This report describes successful healing after plate fixation of an undifferentiated sarcoma pathologic femoral fracture in a dog. The fracture was treated surgically with curettage of the tumour site, placement of autogenous bone graft, and then stabilized using a locking plate rod construct. The patient regained excellent mobility after surgery and was managed with monthly pamidronate therapy. Serial radiographs demonstrate progressive healing of the pathologic fracture. Ultimately, the patient developed a maxillary fibrosarcoma and was euthanased 1 year after treatment of the femoral fracture. Postmortem histopathological evaluation of the pathologic fracture site demonstrated complete bone healing. CONCLUSION This case highlights the possibilities of limb salvage by fracture stabilization and bone healing as a viable option in select patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hayes
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - S Jemilo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - P Muir
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - R Sullivan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - J A Bleedorn
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Sullivan R, Randhawa V, Lalonde T, Luyt L, Wisenberg G, Dhanvantari S. THE GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR, GHRELIN, AND BNP IN HUMAN HEART DISEASE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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D'Amours O, Calvo É, Bourassa S, Vincent P, Blondin P, Sullivan R. Proteomic markers of low and high fertility bovine spermatozoa separated by Percoll gradient. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:999-1012. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier D'Amours
- Département d'obstétrique, Gynécologie et ReproductionCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Québec Québec Canada
| | - Ézéquiel Calvo
- Proteomic Core FacilityCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Axe Reproduction, Santé de la mère et de l'enfant Québec Québec Canada
| | - Sylvie Bourassa
- Proteomic Core FacilityCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Axe Reproduction, Santé de la mère et de l'enfant Québec Québec Canada
| | - Patrick Vincent
- Department of Research and DevelopmentSemex Alliance, L'Alliance Boviteq Inc Saint‐Hyacinthe Québec Canada
| | - Patrick Blondin
- Department of Research and DevelopmentSemex Alliance, L'Alliance Boviteq Inc Saint‐Hyacinthe Québec Canada
| | - Robert Sullivan
- Département d'obstétrique, Gynécologie et ReproductionCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Québec Québec Canada
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Singh C, Mintie C, Ndiaye M, Chhabra G, Roy S, Sullivan R, Longley B, Schieke S, Ahmad N. 915 Dietary grape powder inhibits atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sullivan R, Légaré C, Lamontagne‐Proulx J, Breton S, Soulet D. Revisiting structure/functions of the human epididymis. Andrology 2019; 7:748-757. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sullivan
- Department Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Faculty Medicine Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Division Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
| | - C. Légaré
- Department Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Faculty Medicine Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Division Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
| | - J. Lamontagne‐Proulx
- Faculty Pharmacy Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
- Neurosciences Division Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
| | - S. Breton
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - D. Soulet
- Faculty Pharmacy Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
- Neurosciences Division Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chamberlain
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol.
| | - R Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, Kings Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, London, UK
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Pathy NB, Ng C, Yip CH, Tamin NI, Lim G, Sullivan R. Policy Recommendations to Address Financial Toxicity Following Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: One Size Does Not Fit All. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.83000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence to guide cancer policy-making is scarce in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Furthermore, most economic studies in cancer have been conducted from the provider's or payer's perspective. Aim: The ASEAN Costs in Oncology Study (ACTION) was conducted to provide the essential intelligence for national policymakers and official development assistance donors to construct economically sound national cancer control plans. Methods: In the ACTION study, 9513 newly diagnosed cancer patients from eight LMIC in southeast Asia were prospectively followed-up for adverse economic outcomes up to one year after diagnosis, through serial interviews and use of cost diaries. Results: Country-specific analysis of the ACTION Study data had revealed that just within a year of diagnosis, 1 in 2 Malaysian cancer survivors had reported spending more than 30% of their annual household income for cancer related expenditures (FC: financial catastrophe). Strikingly, Malaysia, albeit being a higher income nation, appeared to have fared worse than Thailand, where only 1 in 3 cancer survivors reported FC. Nonetheless, in contrast to finding of the regional study that medical payments (drugs, hospitalization, consultation), largely explained the incidence of FC following cancer, only half of the reported catastrophic expenditures in Malaysia were attributed to medical expenditures suggesting that nonmedical payments related to cancer (e.g., travel, accommodation, childcare) was an important contributor to adverse financial outcomes. Furthermore, marked institutional variations in levels of catastrophic expenditures were observed in Malaysia, even within the public healthcare system. Proportion of patients experiencing FC in the general government hospitals was only 33% compared with 65% in the public academic hospitals. Although late stage at cancer diagnosis largely explained the increased risk of adverse economic outcomes and death, patients from low-income households remained vulnerable even when diagnosed with earlier stages. Conclusion: The findings of the ACTION Study importantly highlight the need for LMIC to undertake their own studies examining the financial impact of cancer in the population, to take affirmative actions to reduce financial loss and premature deaths associated with cancer. From the Malaysian perspective, there appears to be an urgent need to improve social support for cancer in the country, be it through government-led programs such as disability insurance and short term credit or multisectoral collaboration with civil societies, private industries, and philanthropic organizations. Key policy changes should also include prioritization of programs which would allow early detection of cancer, re-examination of the national health financing system to ensure that public funds are channeled to those who need them the most, and addressing disparities in funding between public hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bhoo Pathy
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C.W. Ng
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C.-H. Yip
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - G. Lim
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R. Sullivan
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sullivan R, Randhawa V, Stokes A, Wu D, Lalonde T, Luyt L, Wisenberg G, Dhanvantari S. THE GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR, GHRELIN AND BIOCHEMICAL SIGNALING MOLECULES IN HUMAN HEART DISEASE. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Freeman J, Ricciardone M, Sullivan R, Vedham V. The Influence of Social Determinants of Health on Primary and Secondary Cancer Prevention Health Seeking Behaviors Among Refugees in Middle East and North Africa Host Countries. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.21700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes 'cancer health disparities' as adverse differences in cancer incidence, mortality, and burden that exist among specific population groups. Refugee populations often lack access to primary care and health screening or preventive services, leading to late diagnosis, and higher cancer burdens of cancer-related outcomes and mortality. The disproportionate burden of cancer in refugee populations, necessitates research on specific determinants and disparities influencing their cancer care. Ongoing conflicts across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have caused an unprecedented displacement of individuals to host countries. Four countries in the region, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, and Turkey, host more than an estimated 3 million refugees collectively. As the region experiences a shift in disease burden to noncommunicable diseases, the health systems of these host countries are placed under increased pressure to manage chronic conditions of refugees, such as cancer. These large-scale displacements in the MENA region present a unique opportunity to better understand the drivers of health disparities with the aim of improving cancer health in refugee populations. Aim: Through application of a Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) framework, this study aims to understand the landscape of health seeking behaviors for cancer prevention among refugees in Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, and Turkey. This is a first step to inform future research and initiatives around refugee cancer services. Methods: A systematic literature review was completed according to PRISMA standards, with assistance from the NIH Library. A review protocol was developed, and all literature that met eligibility criteria was included. Thematic coding and analysis was then performed to describe observational associations between cancer prevention behaviors and SDOH among refugees. Results: The results reveal patterns in which SDOH directly and indirectly influence the landscape of refugee health seeking behaviors for cancer prevention services in their host countries. The SDOH that most clearly influenced cancer prevention behaviors include health system capacity, navigating host country's health system, delivery of cancer prevention services, acculturation, competing social, health, and financial priorities, and the built environment. These interrelated constructs impact refugees' ability to access and participate in cancer prevention services, as both enabling and inhibit factors. Conclusion: The influence of SDOH on seeking cancer care are important for refugee populations around the world since they are faced with comparable contextual factors that both enable and inhibit health seeking behaviors. Understanding the interplay between the SDOH constructs is pivotal toward developing targeted interventions by host countries to improve cancer prevention behaviors and health outcomes among refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Freeman
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health, Rockville, MD
| | - M. Ricciardone
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health, Rockville, MD
| | - R. Sullivan
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health, Rockville, MD
| | - V. Vedham
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health, Rockville, MD
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Fundytus A, Hopman WM, Hammad N, Biagi JJ, Sullivan R, Vanderpuye V, Seruga B, Lopes G, Sengar M, Brundage MD, Booth CM. Medical oncology workload in Canada: infrastructure, supports, and delivery of clinical care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:206-212. [PMID: 29962838 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background In 2000, a Canadian task force recommended that medical oncologists (mos) meet a target of 160-175 new patient consultations per year. Here, we report the Canadian results of a global survey of mo workload compared with mo workload in other high-income countries (hics). Methods Using a snowball method, an online survey was distributed by national oncology societies to chemotherapy-prescribing physicians in 22 hics (World Bank criteria). The survey was distributed within Canada to all members of the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists. Workload was measured as the annual number of new cancer patient consults per oncologist. Results The survey was completed by 782 oncologists from hics, including 58 from Canada. Median annual consults per mo were 175 in Canada compared with 125 in other hics. The proportions of mos having 100 or fewer consults or more than 300 consults per year were 3% (2/58) and 5% (3/58) in Canada compared with 31% (222/724) and 16% (116/724) in other hics (p < 0.001 and p = 0.023 respectively). The median number of patients seen in a full-day clinic was 15 in Canada and 25 in other hics (p = 0.220). Canadian mos reported spending a median of 55 minutes per new consultation; new consultations of 35 minutes were reported in other hics (p < 0.001). Median hours worked per week was 55 in Canada and 45 in other hics (p = 0.200). Conclusions Although the median annual clinical volume for Canadian mos aligns with recommended targets, half the respondents exceeded that level of activity. Health policymakers and educators have to consider mo workforce supply and alternative models of care in preparation for the anticipated surge in cancer incidence in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fundytus
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute
| | - W M Hopman
- Kingston General Hospital Research Institute.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, and
| | - N Hammad
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - J J Biagi
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - R Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, King's College London, and King's Health Partners Comprehensive Cancer Centre, London, U.K
| | | | - B Seruga
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Lopes
- University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - M Sengar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - M D Brundage
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute.,Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - C M Booth
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, and.,University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, U.S.A
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Ameri A, Mooradian M, Sullivan R, Demehri S. 417 Immunotherapeutic options for skin cancer prevention in xeroderma pigmentosum. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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You K, Bendl R, Taut C, Sullivan R, Gachabayov M, Bergamaschi R, Connolly TM, Yang K, Giuratrabocchetta S, Denoya PI, Zawin M, Ferretti J, Baer A, Wertheim W. Randomized clinical trial of elective resection versus observation in diverticulitis with extraluminal air or abscess initially managed conservatively. Br J Surg 2018; 105:971-979. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of this RCT was to determine whether elective resection following successful non-operative management of a first episode of acute sigmoid diverticulitis complicated by extraluminal air with or without abscess is superior to observation in terms of recurrence rates.
Methods
This was a single-centre, sequential design RCT. Patients were randomized to elective surgery or observation following non-operative management and colonoscopy. Non-operative management included nil by mouth, intravenous fluids, intravenous antibiotics, CT with intravenous contrast on arrival at hospital, and repeat CT with intravenous and rectal contrast on day 3 in hospital. The primary endpoint was recurrent diverticulitis at 24 months. Patients with a history of sigmoid diverticulitis, immunosuppression or peritonitis were not included.
Results
Of 137 screened patients, 107 were assigned randomly to elective surgery (26) or observation (81), and underwent the allocated intervention after successful non-operative management. Conservative management failed in 15 patients. Groups were similar in age, sex, BMI, co-morbidities and colorectal POSSUM. Rates of recurrent diverticulitis differed significantly in the elective surgery and observation groups (8 versus 32 per cent; P = 0·019) at a mean(s.d.) follow-up of 37·8(8·6) and 35·2(9·2) months respectively. There was also a significant difference in time to recurrence (median 11 versus 7 months; P = 0·015). A total of 28 patients presented with recurrent diverticulitis complicated by extraluminal air and/or abscess (2 elective surgery, 26 observation), all of whom recovered with repeat non-operative management.
Conclusion
The majority of patients observed following conservative management of diverticulitis with local extraluminal air do not require elective surgery. Registration number: NCT01986686 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- K You
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - R Bendl
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - C Taut
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - R Sullivan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - M Gachabayov
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - R Bergamaschi
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - T M Connolly
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, State University of New York
| | - K Yang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, State University of New York
| | | | - P I Denoya
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, State University of New York
| | - M Zawin
- Department of Radiology, State University of New York
| | - J Ferretti
- Division of Interventional Radiology, State University of New York
| | - A Baer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York
| | - W Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York
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Sullivan R, O’Connor E, Lynch D, Hanna M, Houlden H. Novel loss-of-function mutation in ACBD5 found in family with ataxia. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(18)30418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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