Tanaidaceans from Brunei, V. The Leptocheliidae (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea), with four new species

Leptocheliid material from sublittoral sandy substrata in the South China Sea off the coast of Brunei has been analyzed. Four species, all new to science, are described, all apparently interstitial in habitat. One is the second species to be described in the genus Catenarius (C. magdae); the others represent three new genera, one in each of the subfamilies Konariinae (Brunarus colekanus), Catenariinae (Ektraleptochelia phoxops) and Leptocheliinae (Nuberis areolaticola). As a result of the new information on the morphology of catenariins, the Andaman Sea species Leptochelia elongata is transferred to a new genus (Larsmentia) in the Catenariinae.

Tanaidaceans from Brunei, IV. The Families Kalliapseudidae, Pagurapseudopsidae, Parapseudidae and Apseudidae (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha), with descriptions of a new genus and six new species

Apseudomorph tanaidaceans from recent samples of the South China Sea benthos off Brunei have been examined. The habitats were sandy substrata from between 5 and 90 m depth. Fourteen species of the four families considered here were discovered. A new species of Tanapseudes is described. The distribution of Phoxokalliapseudes gobinae is analyzed. Biropalostoma goofi is recorded for the first time in Brunei waters. One new species of the Apseudidae (in the genus Bunakenia) and four new species of the  Parapseudidae (one each in the genera Platylicoa and Pakistanapeudes, and two in a new genus Actenos, of the subfamily Pakistanapseudinae) are described. The genus Platylicoa is moved to the Pakistanapseudinae, and the genus Hainanius is returned to the Parapseudidae (Parapseudinae). Apseudes tenuicorporeus is moved from Biropalostoma to the new pakistanapseudin genus described herein.

A tool for protected area management: multivariate control charts 'cope' with rare variable communities

Performance assessment, impact detection, and the assessment of regulatory compliance are common scientific problems for the management of protected areas. Some habitats in protected areas, however, are rare and/or variable and are not often selected for study by ecologists because they preclude comparison with controls and high community variability makes meaningful change detection difficult. Shallow coastal saline lagoons are habitats that experience comparatively high levels of stress due to high physical variability. Lagoons are rare, declining habitats found in coastal regions throughout Europe (and elsewhere) where they are identified as one of the habitats most in need of protected area management. The infauna in the sediments of 25 lagoons were sampled. Temporal and spatial variation in three of these [protected] lagoons was investigated further over 5 years. In a multivariate analysis of community structure similarities were found between some lagoons, but in other cases communities were unique or specific to only two sites. The protected lagoons with these unique/specific communities showed significant temporal and spatial variation, yet none of the changes observed were attributed to human impacts and were interpreted as inherent variability. Multivariate control charts can operate without experimental controls and were used to assess community changes within the context of 'normal' lagoon variability. The aim of control chart analysis is to characterize background variability in a parameter and identify when a new observation deviates more than expected. In only 1 year was variability more than expected and corresponded with the coldest December in over 100 years. Multivariate control charts are likely to have wide application in the management of protected areas and other natural systems where variability and/or rarity preclude conventional analytical and experimental approaches but where assessments of condition, impact or regulatory compliance are nonetheless required.

New littoral, shelf, and bathyal Paratanaidae (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea) from New Zealand, with descriptions of three new genera

Three new genera, Acallocheirus, Aparatanais, and Penteparatanais, and seven new species of the paratanaid subfamily Paratanaidinae are described from New Zealand. New records of three previously known species Atemtanais taikaha, Paratanais paraoa, and P. tara, are also given. Paratanais denticulatus, P. intermedius, P. malignus, P. spinanotandus,and P. vicentetis are transferred to Aparatanais. A key is given to all paratanaidin genera and the NZ Paratanais species. In NZ waters, paratanaids are now known from the littoral zone to 908 m in the bathyal regions of the Chatham Rise and Hikurangi Margin, several of the offshore species being recorded in bryozoan mats. All but one appear to be endemic but may have sibling species elsewhere, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. Supplementary notes are given on two Australian species P. maleficus and P. perturbatius that clarify their description and diagnostic characters.

The effects of power station entrainment passage on three species of marine planktonic crustacean, Acartia tonsa (Copepoda), Crangon crangon (Decapoda) and Homarus gammarus (Decapoda)

Experiments have been undertaken exposing larval common shrimp (Crangon crangon) and lobster (Homarus gammarus) and adult copepods (Acartia tonsa) to the key stresses of entrainment within power-station cooling-water systems. The apparatus has enabled the testing of mechanical, thermal, chlorine and realistic pressure effects both alone and in combination, the range of stressors spanning the standard conditions found within a temperate coastal direct-cooled power station. Mechanical stresses affected only lobster larvae, pressure changes affected only the Acartia adults. Residual chlorine caused significant mortality of Acartia and shrimp larvae, but had no effect on lobster larvae even at 1 ppm. The temperature increment significantly affected all three species, with a synergistic effect on chlorine sensitivity in the shrimp larvae, but only temperatures higher than would be experienced in a normally-operating power station affected the copepods. The majority of individuals of each species would survive passage through a power-station system under normal conditions. It is notable that, within the species tested, generalizations from the responses of one species to those of another are not valid.