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Corrigendum to 'No increase in adverse events with lateral extra-articular tenodesis augmentation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - Results from the stability randomized trial' [Journal of ISAKOS 8 (2023) 246-254]. J ISAKOS 2023; 8:513. [PMID: 37845163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
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No increase in adverse events with lateral extra-articular tenodesis augmentation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - Results from the stability randomized trial. J ISAKOS 2023; 8:246-254. [PMID: 36646169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Results from the Stability Study suggest that adding a lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) to a hamstring tendon autograft reduces the rate of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) failure in high-risk patients. The purpose of this study is to report adverse events over the 2-year follow-up period and compare groups (ACLR alone vs. ACLR + LET). METHODS Stability is a randomized clinical trial comparing hamstring tendon ACLR with and without LET. Patients aged 14-25 years with an ACL deficient knee were included. Patients were followed and adverse events documented (type, actions taken, resolution) with visits at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Adverse events were categorized as none, minor medical, minor surgical, contralateral ACL rupture, or graft rupture. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) collected at each visit included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC), and ACL Quality of Life Questionnaire (ACL-QOL). RESULTS In total, 618 patients were randomized (mean age 18.9 years, 302 (49%) male). Forty-five patients (7%) suffered graft rupture; 34 (11%) in the ACLR group compared to 11 (4%) in the ACLR + LET group (RRR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.83, p < 0.001). There were no differences in effusion or infection rates between groups. The ACLR + LET group experienced an increased number of hardware removals (10 vs. 4). Overall, the rate of minor medical events (11%), minor surgical events (7%), and ipsilateral or contralateral ACL tears (10%) were low considering the high-risk patient profile. Increasing severity of adverse events was associated with lower PROMs at 24 months post-operative. Patients in the ACLR + LET group reported greater degree of pain at 3 months only. There were no clinically significant differences in range of motion between groups. CONCLUSIONS The addition of LET to hamstring tendon autograft ACLR in young patients at high risk of re-injury resulted in a statistically significant reduction in graft rupture. While the addition of LET may increase rates of hardware irritation, there was no significant increase in overall rates of minor medical adverse events, minor surgical events, or overall re-operation rates. The concerns regarding complications associated with a LET did not materialize in this study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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97 AGEING POPULATION: THE IMPACT ON ADMISSIONS TO LONG-TERM CARE. Age Ageing 2021. [PMCID: PMC8690009 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aging population of Ireland continues to increase rapidly. As the age continues to increase, so too does the need for long-term care (LTC). In 2006 LTC utilisation was estimated between 4.4%–4.8% of the over 65s population. It was proposed that this would increase to between 4.8%–5.3% by 2021 (Wren et al., 2012). This study intended to explore if this projection was evident in discharges from an acute Care of the Older Person’s setting between 2016 and 2021. Methods A random selection approach was used to retrospectively review 45 patients seen by occupational therapy in an Irish acute Care of the Older Person’s service in 2016. Discharge destinations were recorded. These were then compared to the discharge destinations of 45 randomly selected patients open to occupational therapy in the same service during the first half of 2021. Results The review of 2016 found that 15.56% (n = 7) of those seen by occupational therapy discharged to a LTC facility, and 4.45% (n = 2) discharged home with a back-up LTC plan. Additionally, 33.33% (n = 15) transferred to a rehabilitation facility and 42.22% (n = 19) went home with community supports, 4.44% (n = 2) passed away. Contrastingly, in 2021, 28.89% (n = 13) patients discharge to LTC with an additional 6.66% (n = 3) going home with 24/7 private care in place, and 4.45% (n = 2) went home with a LTC back-up plan. Just 22.22% (n = 10) went for rehabilitation and 26.67% (n = 12) went home with community supports. In 2021, 11.11% (n = 5) of those randomly selected passed away during their admission. Conclusion A significant increase of the number of inpatients discharging to LTC between 2016 and 2021 was found. These findings are greater than that previously proposed and may suggest that COVID-19 has caused a further increase in individuals requiring LTC. However, this sample size was small and other factors such as age, physical ability and cognition were not explored. Further studies are recommended.
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65 THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL ISOLATION DURING COVID-19 ON COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A correlation between social isolation and poorer cognitive function in later life has been increasingly implied in literature. Research indicates that maintaining a socially active lifestyle can enhance cognitive reserve and benefit cognitive function. Whereas social exclusion has been significantly associated with higher risks of cognitive impairment (Evans, et al., 2019).
Recent studies reviewed the consequences of restrictive living conditions during COVID-19, finding poorer cognitive performance (Ingram, et al., 2021). However, few services have investigated this. This study intended to explore the impact of social isolation on cognitive function of hospitalised older adults.
Methods
Quantitative measures were used. A retrospective review of cognitive results of individuals open to occupational therapy in an acute Care of the Older Person’s service in May 2018 (n = 23) were compared to cognitive results of individuals open to occupational therapy in the same acute Care of the Older Person’s service in May 2021 (n = 62).
Results
For the purpose of this study, cognitive results were compared by means of assessment results which indicated a mild, moderate or significant cognitive impairment. Of the patients seen in May 2021 (n = 62), 9.68% (n = 6) had a mild cognitive impairment, 25.81% (n = 16) had a moderate cognitive impairment and 32.26% (n = 20) presented with a significant cognitive impairment. Comparatively in May 2018 (n = 23), 30.43% (n = 7) had a mild cognitive impairment, 43.38% (n = 10) had a moderate cognitive impairment and just 4.35% (n = 1) presented with a significant cognitive impairment.
Conclusion
A substantial increase in the number of inpatients presenting with a significant cognitive impairment in an acute Care of the Older Person’s service was found between May 2018 (4.35%) and May 2021 (32.26%). This suggests that COVID-19 had a severe impact on cognitive functioning of older adults and implies that this cohort are at a high risk of cognitive decline caused by social isolation. These findings are preliminary and further research is recommended.
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221 Changes in Emergency Department Visits for Opioid-Related Diagnosis, Opioid Overdose and Buprenorphine Use Across 14 US Emergency Departments During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [PMCID: PMC8536288 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
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Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
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260 Perceptions and Experiences of Emergency Department Patients With Opioid Use Disorder. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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EGFR mutation prevalence in Asia-Pacific and Russian patients with advanced NSCLC of adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma histology: The IGNITE study. Lung Cancer 2017; 113:37-44. [PMID: 29110846 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited understanding exists of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation frequency in less common subgroups of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]), and to what extent local practices exclude patients from EGFR testing based on their clinical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS IGNITE (non-comparative/-interventional; NCT01788163) was conducted in 90 centres (Asia-Pacific/Russia). Eligible patients: local/metastatic aNSCLC; chemotherapy-naïve, newly-diagnosed/recurrent disease after resection; ineligible for curative treatment. Patients provided a tissue/cytology (all) and a blood plasma (China/Russia/South Korea/Taiwan) sample. Primary endpoint: EGFR mutation frequency in aNSCLC patients (adenocarcinoma [ADC]/non-ADC), as per local practices. RESULTS 3382 patients were enrolled. EGFR mutation frequencies for evaluable tissue/cytology samples in Asia-Pacific and Russian patients: 49.3% (862/1749) and 18.0% (90/500) for ADC tumours; 14.1% (74/525) and 3.7% (15/402) for non-ADC; 9.9% (40/403) and 3.7% (13/349) for SCC. Of Russian patients with SCC tumours harbouring common, activating EGFR mutations, 6/9 were never-/former-smokers. Mutation status concordance between 2581 matched tissue/cytology and plasma samples: 80.5% (sensitivity 46.9%, specificity 95.6%). CONCLUSION EGFR mutation testing should be considered in all Asian aNSCLC patients. Also, as activating EGFR mutations were observed in a small number of Caucasian squamous NSCLC patients, testing here may be appropriate, particularly in those with no/remote smoking history. Circulating free tumour-derived DNA is feasible for mutation analysis employing well-validated and sensitive methods, when tumour samples are unavailable.
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580_PR: Clinical and demographic features that influence EGFR mutation detection in plasma from patients (pts) with aNSCLC: The ASSESS experience. J Thorac Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(16)30323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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422PD Local diagnostic practices for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Chinese Patients: subset of the IGNITE study. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv532.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Early functional rehabilitation or cast immobilisation for the postoperative management of acute Achilles tendon rupture? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:1329-35. [PMID: 26281836 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine which postoperative rehabilitation regime is superior following surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture. The primary outcomes were patient safety and satisfaction. DESIGN Intervention meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The MEDLINE and CINAHL electronic databases were searched from their date of inception until June 2015 using keywords related to acute Achilles tendon rupture, surgical repair and rehabilitation. The electronic database search was supplemented with forward citation tracking using the Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing clinical and/or patient-reported outcomes between patients receiving early functional postoperative ankle motion and weight bearing (bracing group), and traditional ankle immobilisation with a non-weight bearing rigid cast (cast group) were eligible for inclusion. Fourteen articles were identified as potentially eligible; 10 sufficient-quality randomised controlled trials involving 570 patients were included for meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS A high proportion of patients were able to return to prior employment and sporting activity in both groups. Five of the six trials measuring the time interval showed a faster return to prior sporting level in the bracing group. Subjective patient outcomes were significantly better in the bracing group (for good and excellent results, p=0.01; OR, 3.13; 95% CI 1.30 to 7.53). There was no difference in major complications between the two groups (p=0.21; RD, -0.03; 95% CI -0.06 to 0.01). Dynamometry and anthropometry measurements favoured functional rehabilitation at 6-12 weeks postoperation; however, by 6 months postoperative, the differences were negligible. CONCLUSIONS Compared to traditional ankle immobilisation, with a non-weight bearing cast following surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture, early dynamic functional rehabilitation is as safe with higher patient satisfaction.
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EGFR mutation incidence in non-small-cell lung cancer of adenocarcinoma histology: a systematic review and global map by ethnicity (mutMapII). Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2892-911. [PMID: 26609494 PMCID: PMC4633915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are commonly observed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in tumors of adenocarcinoma (ADC) histology (NSCLC/ADC). Robust data exist regarding the prevalence of EGFR mutations in Western and Asian patients with NSCLC/ADC, yet there is a lack of data for patients of other ethnicities. This review collated available data with the aim of creating a complete, global picture of EGFR mutation frequency in patients with NSCLC/ADC by ethnicity. Worldwide literature reporting EGFR mutation frequency in patients with NSCLC/ADC was reviewed, to create a map of the world populated with EGFR mutation frequency by country (a 'global EGFR mutMap'). A total of 151 worldwide studies (n=33162 patients with NSCLC/ADC, of which 9749 patients had EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC/ADC) were included. There was substantial variation in EGFR mutation frequency between studies, even when grouped by geographic region or individual country. As expected, the Asia-Pacific NSCLC/ADC subgroup had the highest EGFR mutation frequency (47% [5958/12819; 87 studies; range 20%-76%]) and the lowest EGFR mutation frequency occurred in the Oceania NSCLC/ADC subgroup (12% [69/570; 4 studies; range 7%-36%]); however, comparisons between regions were limited due to the varying sizes of the patient populations studied. In all regional (geographic) subgroups where data were available, EGFR mutation frequency in NSCLC/ADC was higher in women compared with men, and in never-compared with ever-smokers. This review provides the foundation for a global map of EGFR mutation frequency in patients with NSCLC/ADC. The substantial lack of data from several large geographic regions of the world, notably Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and Central and South America, highlights a potential lack of routine mutation testing and the need for further investigations in these regions.
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Determining the Prevalence of EGFR Mutations in Asian and Russian Patients (PTS) with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ANSCLC) of Adenocarcinoma (ADC) and Non-Adc Histology: Ignite Study. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv050.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Investigating the Utility of Circulating-Free Tumour-Derived Dna (CTDNA) in Plasma for the Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutation Status in European and Japanese Patients (PTS) with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ANSCLC): Assess Study. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv128.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Prevalence of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor [corrected] antibodies in patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2475-2487. [PMID: 24330811 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171300295x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune condition caused by immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies directed against the NR1 subunit of the NMDA glutamate receptor. Approximately 65% of cases present with psychiatric symptoms, particularly psychosis. It remains to be established whether anti-NMDA receptor antibodies can cause a 'purely' psychotic illness without overt neurological symptoms. METHOD We conducted a systematic literature search to establish what proportion of patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses have antibodies directed against the NMDA receptor. Studies were included if (a) subjects had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophrenia spectrum disorder or first-episode psychosis (FEP) using standard criteria, (b) serum was analysed for the presence of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies; and (c) the purpose of the study was to look for the presence of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis without clinical signs of encephalitis. RESULTS Seven studies were included, comprising 1441 patients, of whom 115 [7.98%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.69-9.50] were anti-NMDA receptor antibody positive. Of these, 21 (1.46%, 95% CI 0.94-2.23) patients were positive for antibodies of the IgG subclass. Prevalence rates were greater in cases than controls only for IgG antibodies; other subclasses are of less certain aetiological relevance. There was significant heterogeneity in terms of patient characteristics and the antibody assay used. CONCLUSIONS A minority of patients with psychosis are anti-NMDA receptor antibody positive. It remains to be established whether this subset of patients differs from antibody-negative patients in terms of underlying pathology and response to antipsychotic treatment, and whether immunomodulatory treatments are effective in alleviating psychotic symptoms in this group.
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Gefitinib treatment in EGFR mutated caucasian NSCLC: circulating-free tumor DNA as a surrogate for determination of EGFR status. J Thorac Oncol 2014; 9:1345-53. [PMID: 25122430 PMCID: PMC4224589 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the phase IV, open-label, single-arm study NCT01203917, first-line gefitinib 250 mg/d was effective and well tolerated in Caucasian patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (previously published). Here, we report EGFR mutation analyses of plasma-derived, circulating-free tumor DNA. METHODS Mandatory tumor and duplicate plasma (1 and 2) baseline samples were collected (all screened patients; n = 1060). Preplanned, exploratory analyses included EGFR mutation (and subtype) status of tumor versus plasma and between plasma samples. Post hoc, exploratory analyses included efficacy by tumor and plasma EGFR mutation (and subtype) status. RESULTS Available baseline tumor samples were 1033 of 1060 (118 positive of 859 mutation status known; mutation frequency, 13.7%). Available plasma 1 samples were 803 of 1060 (82 positive of 784 mutation status known; mutation frequency, 10.5%). Mutation status concordance between 652 matched tumor and plasma 1 samples was 94.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.3-96.0) (comparable for mutation subtypes); test sensitivity was 65.7% (95% CI, 55.8-74.7); and test specificity was 99.8% (95% CI, 99.0-100.0). Twelve patients of unknown tumor mutation status were subsequently identified as plasma mutation-positive. Available plasma 2 samples were 803 of 1060 (65 positive of 224 mutation status-evaluable and -known). Mutation status concordance between 224 matched duplicate plasma 1 and 2 samples was 96.9% (95% CI, 93.7-98.7). Objective response rates are as follows: mutation-positive tumor, 70% (95% CI, 60.5-77.7); mutation-positive tumor and plasma 1, 76.9% (95% CI, 65.4-85.5); and mutation-positive tumor and mutation-negative plasma 1, 59.5% (95% CI, 43.5-73.7). Median progression-free survival (months) was 9.7 (95% CI, 8.5-11.0; 61 events) for mutation-positive tumor and 10.2 (95% CI, 8.5-12.5; 36 events) for mutation-positive tumor and plasma 1. CONCLUSION The high concordance, specificity, and sensitivity demonstrate that EGFR mutation status can be accurately assessed using circulating-free tumor DNA. Although encouraging and suggesting that plasma is a suitable substitute for mutation analysis, tumor tissue should remain the preferred sample type when available.
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First-line gefitinib in Caucasian EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC patients: a phase-IV, open-label, single-arm study. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:55-62. [PMID: 24263064 PMCID: PMC3887309 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phase-IV, open-label, single-arm study (NCT01203917) to assess efficacy and safety/tolerability of first-line gefitinib in Caucasian patients with stage IIIA/B/IV, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Treatment: gefitinib 250 mg day−1 until progression. Primary endpoint: objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints: disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety/tolerability. Pre-planned exploratory objective: EGFR mutation analysis in matched tumour and plasma samples. Results: Of 1060 screened patients with NSCLC (859 known mutation status; 118 positive, mutation frequency 14%), 106 with EGFR sensitising mutations were enrolled (female 70.8% adenocarcinoma 97.2% never-smoker 64.2%). At data cutoff: ORR 69.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 60.5–77.7), DCR 90.6% (95% CI 83.5–94.8), median PFS 9.7 months (95% CI 8.5–11.0), median OS 19.2 months (95% CI 17.0–NC; 27% maturity). Most common adverse events (AEs; any grade): rash (44.9%), diarrhoea (30.8%); CTC (Common Toxicity Criteria) grade 3/4 AEs: 15% SAEs: 19%. Baseline plasma 1 samples were available in 803 patients (784 known mutation status; 82 positive; mutation frequency 10%). Plasma 1 EGFR mutation test sensitivity: 65.7% (95% CI 55.8–74.7). Conclusion: First-line gefitinib was effective and well tolerated in Caucasian patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC. Plasma samples could be considered for mutation analysis if tumour tissue is unavailable.
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The diagnostic accuracy of pleural effusion and plasma samples versus tumour tissue for detection of EGFR mutation in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: comparison of methodologies. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:1065-9. [PMID: 23888061 PMCID: PMC3841772 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the suitability of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and plasma as surrogate samples for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation detection, and compare three different detection methods. Methods Matched tissue and plasma samples were collected from patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (stage IIIB/IV adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma), with matched MPE samples collected from a subgroup. DNA was extracted from tissue, MPE cell block, MPE supernatant and plasma before mutation detection by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) (all samples), Sanger sequencing and mutant-specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) (tissue and MPE cell blocks only). Results Sensitivity of MPE cell block, MPE supernatant and plasma versus tissue: 81.8% (9/11), 63.6% (7/11) and 67.5% (27/40); specificity was 80.0% (8/10), 100% (10/10) and 100% (46/46), respectively. Sensitivity of Sanger sequencing versus ARMS: 81.8% (27/33) for tissue, 40% (4/10) for MPE cell blocks; specificity was 100% (36/36 and 12/12) for both. Sensitivity of mutant-specific IHC versus ARMS: 54.8% (17/31) for tissue, 50.0% (6/12) for MPE cell blocks; specificity was 97.1% (34/35) and 100% (14/14), respectively. Conclusions MPE and plasma are valid surrogates for NSCLC tumour EGFR mutation detection when tissue is not available. ARMS is most suitable for mutation detection in tissue and MPE cell blocks; however, mutant-specific IHC could be a complementary method when DNA-based molecular testing is unavailable.
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P100: Efficacy of alcohol-based and non-alcohol hand rubs after a single use and repeated use. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3687989 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-p100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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P027: Semmelweis versus C. difficile: efficacy of chlorinated lime and other hand hygiene interventions. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3688169 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-p27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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68O EFFICACY, SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY RESULTS FROM A PHASE IV, OPEN-LABEL, SINGLE ARM STUDY OF 1ST-LINE GEFITINIB IN CAUCASIAN PATIENTS (PTS) WITH EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) MUTATION-POSITIVE NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(13)70288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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EGFR mutation testing in lung cancer: a review of available methods and their use for analysis of tumour tissue and cytology samples. J Clin Pathol 2012; 66:79-89. [PMID: 23172555 PMCID: PMC3582044 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims Activating mutations in the gene encoding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can confer sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Testing for mutations in EGFR is therefore an important step in the treatment-decision pathway. We reviewed reported methods for EGFR mutation testing in patients with lung cancer, initially focusing on studies involving standard tumour tissue samples. We also evaluated data on the use of cytology samples in order to determine their suitability for EGFR mutation analysis. Methods We searched the MEDLINE database for studies reporting on EGFR mutation testing methods in patients with lung cancer. Results Various methods have been investigated as potential alternatives to the historical standard for EGFR mutation testing, direct DNA sequencing. Many of these are targeted methods that specifically detect the most common EGFR mutations. The development of targeted mutation testing methods and commercially available test kits has enabled sensitive, rapid and robust analysis of clinical samples. The use of screening methods, subsequent to sample micro dissection, has also ensured that identification of more rare, uncommon mutations is now feasible. Cytology samples including fine needle aspirate and pleural effusion can be used successfully to determine EGFR mutation status provided that sensitive testing methods are employed. Conclusions Several different testing methods offer a more sensitive alternative to direct sequencing for the detection of common EGFR mutations. Evidence published to date suggests cytology samples are viable alternatives for mutation testing when tumour tissue samples are not available.
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An evaluation study of EGFR mutation tests utilized for non-small-cell lung cancer in the diagnostic setting. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2914-2919. [PMID: 22776705 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is predictive for the efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. We evaluated the performance, sensitivity, and concordance between five EGFR tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA admixtures (n = 34; 1%-50% mutant plasmid DNA) and samples from NSCLC patients [116 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, 29 matched bronchofiberscopic brushing (BB) cytology, and 20 additional pleural effusion (PE) cytology samples] were analyzed. EGFR mutation tests were PCR-Invader, peptide nucleic acid-locked nucleic acid PCR clamp, direct sequencing, Cycleave, and Scorpion Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS). Analysis success, mutation status, and concordance rates were assessed. RESULTS All tests except direct sequencing detected four mutation types at ≥1% mutant DNA. Analysis success rates were 91.4%-100% (FFPE) and 100% (BB and PE cytology), respectively. Inter-assay concordance rates of successfully analyzed samples were 94.3%-100% (FFPE; kappa coefficients: 0.88-1.00), 93.1%-100% (BB cytology; 0.86-1.00), and 85.0%-100% (PE cytology; 0.70-1.00), and 93.1%-96.6% (0.86-0.93) between BB cytology and matched FFPE. CONCLUSIONS All EGFR assays carried out comparably in the analysis of FFPE and cytology samples. Cytology-derived DNA is a viable alternative to FFPE samples for analyzing EGFR mutations.
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Abstract 3065: Is cytology a suitable source of NSCLC tumor material for EGFR mutation testing. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) affect non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) sensitivity to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. In many countries, prospective testing of NSCLC patients for EGFR mutations is required to determine patient suitability for gefitinib. Mutation profiling is usually performed on DNA extracted from tumour biopsy samples, however the acquisition of biopsy material from NSCLC patients is often difficult and, in some cases is not available, as diagnosis is routinely made by other means. Diagnostic cytology samples, obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA), may provide an additional source of tumour material for molecular analysis. The aims of this project were to assess the suitability of FNA for EGFR mutation testing and optimisation of DNA extraction and mutation detection methods suitable for analysis of FNA material. FNA smears of 3 human cell lines, obtained from mouse xenografts, were used to optimise DNA extraction methods. DNA was extracted from diagnostic FNA smears or paraffin embedded FNA derived cells, from 25 NSCLC patients of Indian origin, using the optimised protocols. Following successful DNA extraction from all patient samples, EGFR mutation status was determined by both DNA sequencing and using the therascreen EGFR Mutation Test Kit (L858R and exon 19 deletion mutations only). Twelve of the 25 patients harboured an EGFR mutation. For this sample type, the therascreen EGFR Mutation Test Kit was more effective at identifying mutation positive patients with only 4 of 12 detected mutations also evident by DNA sequencing. DNA extracted using a spin column based kit and quantified by real time PCR prior to performing molecular analysis gave the most robust, reproducible results. In conclusion, these data suggest that diagnostic FNA smears or cell blocks are suitable for assessing EGFR mutation status of NSCLC patients and may prove a useful source of tumour material when biopsies are unavailable.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3065. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3065
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Operative Compared with Nonoperative Treatment of Displaced Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Transcriptional pathway signatures predict MEK addiction and response to selumetinib (AZD6244). Cancer Res 2010; 70:2264-73. [PMID: 20215513 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) is a selective, non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)-1/2. The range of antitumor activity seen preclinically and in patients highlights the importance of identifying determinants of response to this drug. In large tumor cell panels of diverse lineage, we show that MEK inhibitor response does not have an absolute correlation with mutational or phospho-protein markers of BRAF/MEK, RAS, or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. We aimed to enhance predictivity by measuring pathway output through coregulated gene networks displaying differential mRNA expression exclusive to resistant cell subsets and correlated to mutational or dynamic pathway activity. We discovered an 18-gene signature enabling measurement of MEK functional output independent of tumor genotype. Where the MEK pathway is activated but the cells remain resistant to selumetinib, we identified a 13-gene signature that implicates the existence of compensatory signaling from RAS effectors other than PI3K. The ability of these signatures to stratify samples according to functional activation of MEK and/or selumetinib sensitivity was shown in multiple independent melanoma, colon, breast, and lung tumor cell lines and in xenograft models. Furthermore, we were able to measure these signatures in fixed archival melanoma tumor samples using a single RT-qPCR-based test and found intergene correlations and associations with genetic markers of pathway activity to be preserved. These signatures offer useful tools for the study of MEK biology and clinical application of MEK inhibitors, and the novel approaches taken may benefit other targeted therapies.
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Circulating tumour-derived predictive biomarkers in oncology. Drug Discov Today 2010; 15:98-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The uptake and use of the Monospot test in patients with tonsillitis. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2009; 102:226-228. [PMID: 19772007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to ascertain the uptake of the Monospot test in St. James's hospital in Dublin over the five years 2002-2006 and to determine the percentage of Monospot tests which had a positive result. Using the HIPE, Electronic Patient Record (EPR) and Patient Access System (PAS) databases in St. James's Hospital, a cohort of 593 patients with a diagnosis of tonsillitis or infectious mononucleosis was identified. Fourteen patients met the exclusion criteria as outlined below leaving a valid pool of 579 patients. It was ascertained whether each patient had a Monospot performed and if so, whether the result was positive or negative. In total, 249 (43.0%) of the included patients had a Monospot test. Of these, 197 (79.1%) were negative and 29 (11.6%) were positive. In 23 (9.2%) cases, no result was available. The uptake of the Monospot increased over the five years studied. A positive Monospot impacts on treatment and follow up. We therefore recommend that one is carried out in all patients presenting with acute tonsillitis.
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352 Working in partnership with families to openly monitor aerosol therapy with an in-device data logger. J Cyst Fibros 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(06)80299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Persistence of Mycoplasma bovis
infection in the mammary glands of lactating cows inoculated experimentally. Vet Rec 2005; 156:767-71. [PMID: 15951499 DOI: 10.1136/vr.156.24.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To study the course of clinical mycoplasma mastitis and investigate its potential for persistence, 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of an Irish isolate of Mycoplasma bovis was inoculated aseptically into the right fore teat canal of three lactating cows. M bovis rapidly colonised the infected quarters and grew exponentially to more than 10(10) cfu/ml within the first three days, and spread to other quarters of each of the three cows within five to 10 days. After periods of between 24 and 72 hours the infected quarters became distended and sensitive to touch, and their secretions changed from containing visible particles, to a seropurulent exudate, to an aqueous suspension of fine particles which formed a sediment after a sample was collected. M bovis-specific antibody levels increased to varying degrees in all three cows. Subsequently, the concentrations of mycoplasma decreased to less than 10(7) cfu/ml in two of the cows, but remained at more than 10(8) cfu/ml to the end of the lactation of the other cow. Apparently normal milk was secreted by one of the cows within a month of the challenge, and by the other two cows at the start of their next lactation. However, in two of the cows subclinical M bovis infection persisted through the dry periods and into their next lactations.
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes susceptibility at the IDDM2 locus was previously mapped to a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) 5' of the insulin gene (INS). However, the observation of associated markers outside a 4.1-kb interval, previously considered to define the limits of IDDM2 association, raised the possibility that the VNTR association might result from linkage disequilibrium (LD) with an unknown polymorphism. We therefore identified a total of 177 polymorphisms and obtained genotypes for 75 of these in up to 434 pedigrees. We found that, whereas disease susceptibility did map to within the 4.1-kb region, there were two equally likely candidates for the causal variant, -23HphI and +1140A/C, in addition to the VNTR. Further analyses in 2,960 pedigrees did not support the difference in association between VNTR lineages that had previously enabled the exclusion of these two polymorphisms. Therefore, we were unable to rule out -23HphI and +1140A/C having an etiological effect. Our mapping results using robust regression methods show how precisely a variant for a common disease can be mapped, even within a region of strong LD, and specifically that IDDM2 maps to one or more of three common variants in a approximately 2-kb region of chromosome 11p15.
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Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) functions via its ligands, the leucocyte integrins, in adhesion of immune cells to endothelial cells and in T cell activation. The third immunoglobulin-like extracellular domain binds integrin Mac-1 and contains a common non-conservative aminoacid polymorphism, G241R. Phenotypically, ICAM-1 has been associated with type 1 diabetes, a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. We assessed two independent datasets, and noted that R241 was associated with lower risk of type 1 diabetes than is G241 (3695 families, relative risk 0.91, p=0.03; 446 families, 0.60, p=0.006). Our data indicate an aetiological role for ICAM-1 in type 1 diabetes, which needs to be confirmed in future genetic and functional experiments.
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Complications following management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a prospective randomized trial comparing open reduction internal fixation with nonoperative management. J Orthop Trauma 2003; 17:241-9. [PMID: 12679683 DOI: 10.1097/00005131-200304000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on all complications experienced by patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs) following nonoperative management or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). DESIGN Prospective, randomized, multicenter study. SETTING Four level I trauma centers. PATIENTS The patient population consisted of consecutive patients, age 17 to 65 at the time of injury, presenting to 1 of the centers with DIACFs between April 1991 and December 1998. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to the nonoperative treatment group or to operative reduction using a lateral approach to the calcaneus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Follow-up for patients was at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 12 months, 24 months, and once greater than 24 months following injury. At each follow-up interval, patients were assessed for the development of major and minor complications. After a minimum of 2-year follow-up, patients were asked to fill out a validated visual analogue scale questionnaire (VAS) and a general health review (SF-36). RESULTS There were 226 DIACFs (206 patients) in the ORIF group with 57 of 226 (25%) fractures (57 of 206 patients [28%]) having at least 1 major complication. Of 233 fractures (218 patients) nonoperatively managed, 42 (18%) (42 of 218 patients [19%]) developed at least 1 major complication (indirectly resulting in surgery). CONCLUSION Complications occur regardless of the management strategy chosen for DIACFs and despite management by experienced surgeons. Complications are a cause of significant morbidity for patients. Outcome scores in this study tend to support ORIF for calcaneal fractures. However, ORIF patients are more likely to develop complications. Certain patient populations (WCB and Sanders type IV) developed a high incidence of complications regardless of the management strategy chosen.
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mt4216C variant in linkage with the mtDNA TJ cluster may confer a susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in an increased risk of Parkinson's disease in the Irish. Exp Gerontol 2003; 38:397-405. [PMID: 12670626 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(02)00266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism of the mtDNA genome has been implicated as playing a role in the development and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). A PCR-RFLP methodology was employed to generate genetic haplotypes for a cohort of 90 PD sufferers. No association was observed between the various mtDNA haplotypes observed and PD in comparison to healthy aged controls. The longevity-associated European J haplogroup and T haplogroup were identified and were both found to be in tight linkage with the mt4216C polymorphism. The mt4216C variant was observed at a significantly increased frequency in the PD cases (28%) in comparison to the healthy aged controls (15%; p=0.014). However, when the frequency of the mt4216C variant was examined in a cohort of 200 young controls (18-45 years) a similar frequency to the PD cases (25%) was observed. The frequencies obtained for the two branches of the J haplogroup (J1 and J2) and the T haplogroup in the cohort of PD subjects also reflected those observed for the young controls used in the previous longevity study. These findings lead one to postulate that the mt4216C variant, in linkage with the mtDNA TJ cluster, may influence mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in an increased risk of PD.
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Abstract
The mtDNA genome has been implicated as playing a pivotal role in determining the longevity and success of the human lifespan. A PCR-RFLP methodology was used to identify polymorphic restriction enzyme sites within a 2643 bp region of the mtDNA genome and a table of genetic haplotypes for a healthy aged and a younger control cohort of patients was constructed. Forty-six different mtDNA haplotypes and 11 groups of related haplotypes were identified across the two age groups but statistical analysis failed to show any significant associations. The European J haplogroup, previously reported to be associated with longevity, was not found at an increased frequency within the Irish aged population (P=0.36). However, the haplotypes comprising the J haplogroup could be differentiated into two distinct branches by the presence or absence of the two polymorphic restriction sites, 16,389g and 16,000g. The branch of haplotypes defined by 16,389g displayed a significant increased frequency in the aged samples (8%) compared to the controls (1%), P=0.015. Inversely, the branch of haplotypes defined by 16,000g displayed a significant decreased frequency in the aged samples (4%) compared to the controls (13%), P=0.011. The polymorphism (mt5178A) associated with longevity in the Japanese was not found in the Irish population, while the polymorphism (mt9055A) associated with successful ageing in the French centenarians was found at an increased frequency in the Irish aged population (9%) compared to the younger control group (5%), but failed to reach a level of statistical significance, P=0.164.
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Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis was detected in 134 (18 per cent) of 736 samples of bovine lung tissue collected from fatal pneumonia cases in the Republic of Ireland between April 1995 and December 1998. The cases occurred in 95 herds and recurred in four of them. Other respiratory pathogens were identified in 66 per cent of the M bovis-positive cases, with Pasteurella species, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and parainfluenza 3 virus being most frequently detected. Mastitis and arthritis were less common clinical signs associated with M bovis infection; 22 cases of M bovis mastitis and five cases of M bovis arthritis were diagnosed in five herds.
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Abstract
An indirect ELISA was used to detect antibodies to Mycoplasma bovis in milk samples collected from a herd with M bovis mastitis. Antibodies were detected in samples from nine cows which had developed clinical M bovis mastitis. Milk from only three consistently antigen-negative cows tested positive for M bovis antibodies. These results indicate the potential value of the indirect ELISA for the detection of cows which have recently developed M bovis mastitis during the early stages of an outbreak.
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Initial use of an automatic collision notification system to relate dynamic vehicle data with occupant injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(99)80090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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First-principles study of multiple order-disorder transitions in Cd2AgAu Heusler alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:9746-9755. [PMID: 9984708 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Simultaneous infusions of propofol and ketamine in ponies premedicated with detomidine: a pharmacokinetic study. Res Vet Sci 1996; 60:262-6. [PMID: 8735519 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(96)90051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of propofol and ketamine administered together by infusion were investigated in four ponies. Blood propofol and plasma ketamine and norketamine concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. After premedication with detomidine (20 micrograms kg-1) anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.2 mg kg-1 intravenously). The trachea was intubated and the ponies were allowed to breathe 100 per cent oxygen. A bolus dose of propofol (0.5 mg kg-1) was then administered intravenously and propofol and ketamine were infused for 60 and 45 minutes, respectively. The average mean infusion rate of propofol was 0.136 mg kg-1 min-1, and the ketamine infusion rate was maintained at 50 micrograms kg-1 min-1. The mean (SD) elimination half-lives of propofol and ketamine were 69.0 (8.0) and 89.8 (26.7) minutes, the mean volumes of distribution at steady state were 0.894 (0.161) litre kg-1 and 1.432 (0.324) litre kg-1; the mean body clearances were 33.1 (4.5) and 23.9 (3.8) ml kg-1 min-1 and the mean residence times for the infusion were 87.1 (4.1) and 110.7 (8.2) minutes, respectively. Norketamine, the main metabolite of ketamine, was detected throughout the sampling period. The mean residence time for norketamine was 144 (16) minutes. All the ponies recovered quickly from the anaesthesia; the mean times to sternal recumbency and standing were 11.1 (5.3) and 30.0 (20.8) minutes, respectively, from the end of the infusion.
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Nonempirical phase equilibria in the W-Mo-Cr system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:15808-15822. [PMID: 9978557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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hcp Ising model in the cluster-variation approximation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:6767-6780. [PMID: 10006839 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.6767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Theoretical study of alloy phase stability in the Cd-Mg system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:748-766. [PMID: 10007930 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
The authors evaluated three cases of soft tissue chondromas in patients aged 55, 57, and 78 years. Two of the lesions occurred in the foot and one in the hand. All three patients had long histories (over 1 year) of a palpable mass and all three had roentgenograms showing well-demarcated lobulated soft tissue lesions with both central and peripheral calcifications. Recognition of this rare benign chondroid lesion on imaging studies is significant since it may be misinterpreted as an aggressive lesion or a primary synovial abnormality.
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Oxygen configurations and their effect on charge transfer in off-stoichiometric YBa2Cu3Oz. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:12976-12987. [PMID: 10001363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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