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Jevprasesphant R, Penny J, Jalal R, Attwood D, McKeown NB, D'Emanuele A. The influence of surface modification on the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers. Int J Pharm 2003; 252:263-6. [PMID: 12550802 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The influence of surface modification on the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers was examined using Caco-2 cells. Dendrimers were modified by conjugating either lauroyl chains or polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000 onto the surface of cationic PAMAM dendrimers (G2, G3, G4). The cytotoxicity of unmodified dendrimers towards Caco-2 cells was appreciably higher for cationic (whole generation) compared with anionic (half generation) dendrimers and for both types increased with increasing size (generation) and concentration. A marked decrease in the cytotoxicity of cationic PAMAM dendrimers was noted when the surface was modified, with the addition of six lauroyl or four PEG chains being particularly effective in decreasing cytotoxicity. This decrease in cytotoxicity is thought to be due to a reduction/shielding of the positive charge on the dendrimer surface by the attached chains. The cytotoxicity of dendrimer-based delivery systems is likely to be very different from the parent dendrimer.
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Ungi T, Abolmaesumi P, Jalal R, Welch M, Ayukawa I, Nagpal S, Lasso A, Jaeger M, Borschneck DP, Fichtinger G, Mousavi P. Spinal Needle Navigation by Tracked Ultrasound Snapshots. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:2766-72. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2209881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ghasemi F, Jalal R. Antimicrobial action of zinc oxide nanoparticles in combination with ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2016; 6:118-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Janati Fard F, Mashhadi Khoshkhoo Z, Mirtabatabaei H, Housaindokht MR, Jalal R, Eshtiagh Hosseini H, Bozorgmehr MR, Esmaeili AA, Javan Khoshkholgh M. Synthesis, characterization and interaction of N,N'-dipyridoxyl (1,4-butanediamine) Co(III) salen complex with DNA and HSA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 97:74-82. [PMID: 22750340 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Co(III) salen complex with N,N'-dipyridoxyl (1,4-butanediamine) Schiff-base ligand as tetradentate ligand was synthesized and characterized by the elemental and spectroscopic analysis. The interaction of this complex with calf thymus DNA (ct DNA) has been investigated in vitro using UV absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, thermal denaturation and gel electrophoresis techniques. The binding constant has been estimated to be 1×10(4)M(-1) using UV absorption. The addition of ct DNA to Co(III) salen solution resulted in a fluorescence quenching. The binding constant and site size binding have been calculated in connection with other experimental observations show that the interactive model between Co(III) salen and ct DNA is an intercalative one. The interaction between plasmid DNA (pTZ57R DNA) and this complex is confirmed by gel electrophoresis studies. Furthermore, the interaction between HSA and Co(III) salen complex was investigated by UV absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The binding constant for the interaction of this complex with HSA were found to be 3.854×10(4)M(-1) using UV absorption, which was in good agreement with the binding constant obtained from fluorescence method (3.866×10(4)M(-1)). The binding distance between HSA and this complex was estimated to be 2.48nm according to Förster theory of non-radioactive energy transfer. Molecular modeling studies suggested that hydrophobic interaction was the predominant intermolecular forces stabilizing Co(III) complex-HSA system.
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Marakchi K, Kabbaj O, Komiha N, Jalal R, Esseffar M. Ab initio and DFT studies on the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between nitrone and sulfonylethene chloride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(02)00611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Esseffar M, Jalal R, El Messaoudi M, El Mouhtadi M. AM1 theoretical study on the mechanism of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1,2,4-triazepine and formonitrile oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(98)00035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Esseffar M, Messaoudi ME, Azzouzi S, Jalal R, Sáez JA, Domingo LR, Latorre J, Liu-González M. Formation of pyrazol-1,3,4-thiadiazoles through 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of 3-thioxo-[1,2,4]-triazepin-5-one with nitrilimines: an experimental and computational study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jalal R, Aftab K, Hasan SH, Pervez S. Diagnostic value of clot examination for malignant cells in serous effusions. Cytopathology 2009; 20:231-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2008.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jalal R, El Messaoudi M, Esseffar M. Ab initio and density functional theory studies of peri- and regioselectivity in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1,2-diazepine with nitrile oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(01)00612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen JC, Powell LL, Serna DL, Gaon M, Jalal R, Huh J, McKenna R, Gelb A, Wang N, Stemmer E, Brenner M. Pulmonary artery pressure: an intraoperative guide to limiting resection volume. J Surg Res 1999; 82:137-45. [PMID: 10090821 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1998.5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has shown promising results in severe emphysema. However, intraoperative indicators are needed to define optimal resection volumes. Diffusing capacity (DLCO) worsens with larger LVRS and may correlate with pulmonary artery (PA) pressure. We hypothesized that there would be a greater increase in PA pressures with larger volume LVRS in an inhaled elastase animal emphysema model. Twenty-one rabbits were induced with 15,000 units of elastase via an endotracheal tube. Four weeks later, bilateral LVRS was performed through a median sternotomy using an endoscopic stapler. PA pressures were measured prior to LVRS, immediately after LVRS, and at sacrifice. Single-breath DLCO, static pressure-volume relationships, and forced expiratory flows were measured prior to induction and at corresponding times to PA pressures. Systolic PA pressures increased in both groups immediately after LVRS (small: 2. 67 +/- 9.2 mm Hg, ANOVA, P = 0.023; large: 3.8 +/- 8.5 mm Hg, P = 0. 002), and then decreased at time of sacrifice 1 week later (small: 9. 43 +/- 4.8 mm Hg, ANOVA, P = 0.053; large: 5.2 +/- 7.3 mm Hg, P = 0. 552). The decrease, at sacrifice, in PA pressures was greater for small LVRS animals than large LVRS animals. The mortality rate (MR) for the small resection group was 0%, whereas that for the large resection group was 24%. The MR associated with larger LVRS was appreciably greater than that associated with small LVRS. These studies suggest that PA pressures may prove to be a useful intraoperative indicator for limits of resection.
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Jalal R, Gallo R. Improved Synthesis of 1-Chloroadamantane by Hydride Transfer Induced by Tertiarybutylchloride. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918908051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Powell LL, Ha HP, Serna DL, Brenner M, Gaon M, Jalal R, Stemmer E, Chen JC. Pulmonary vascular pressures increase after lung volume reduction surgery in rabbits with more severe emphysema. J Surg Res 2000; 92:157-64. [PMID: 10896816 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2000.5846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emphysema is a chronic disease of the lungs with destruction of terminal alveoli and airway obstruction. Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is being investigated for the treatment of emphysema. Increasing resection volumes with LVRS may lead to worsening of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (Dlco) despite improvement in compliance and flow. We hypothesized that the pulmonary circulation-related parameters, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and diffusing capacity (Dlco), may be used as indicators of the maximally tolerated LVRS resection volume. METHODS Emphysema was induced in 55 rabbits by endotracheal nebulization, with either single 15,000-unit (mild emphysema) or three 11,000-unit (moderate emphysema) doses of elastase. At Week 6, bilateral LVRS was performed via median sternotomy with an endoscopic stapler. Single-breath Dlco, static compliance, and PAP were measured prior to emphysema induction, preoperatively, and 1 week following LVRS. Animals were divided into the following groups: Group I (mild emphysema, <3 g resected), group II (mild emphysema, >3 g resected), group III (moderate emphysema, <3 g resected), group IV (moderate emphysema, >3 g resected). RESULTS All animals having LVRS had immediate postoperative increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) following lung resection. Mean PAP, however, remained elevated when measured 1 week after LVRS (sacrifice) in animals with moderate emphysema. This is in contrast to animals with mild emphysema, in which follow-up PAPs approached preoperative baseline. CONCLUSION These finding suggests that sustained increased PVR, denoted by elevated PAP, is more likely to occur after LVRS in animals with more severe emphysema and larger volume resection. The spirometric and compliance benefits of greater resection volumes have to be weighed against the compromise in pulmonary vasculature in the effort to determine the ideal resection volume for various degrees of emphysema.
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Esseffar M, El Messaoudi M, Jalal R, Domingo LR, Aurell MJ. A combined experimental and theoretical study of the alkylation of 3,5-dithioxo-[1,2,4]triazepines. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chen JC, Serna DL, Tran LM, Huh J, Powell LL, King BO, Jalal R, Steward E, Newman RS. Protection of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor complex preserves platelet function during in vitro ventricular assisted circulation. ASAIO J 1998; 44:M682-4. [PMID: 9804521 DOI: 10.1097/00002480-199809000-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet dysfunction probably contributes to bleeding associated with ventricular assist devices (VADs). Previous evidence suggests that VAD associated platelet dysfunction may be due to dysfunction of the platelet fibrinogen receptor. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that selective protection of platelet fibrinogen receptor preserves platelet aggregating ability during in vitro ventricular assisted circulation. Eight in vitro nonpulsatile centrifugal VAD circuits were simulated for four days using 450 ml of fresh human whole blood. Temperature, activated clotting time, pH, PCO2, PO2, Ca2+, and glucose were maintained at physiologic values. Flow was maintained at a constant 2.0 L/min/m2. We examined whole blood platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). We added a highly specific reversible inhibitor (MK-383) of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor complex before start of circulation to the final four VAD experiments. ADP induced aggregation decreased within the first hour of circulation. Ristocetin and collagen induced aggregation decreased to negligible levels after 10 hours of circulation. With MK-383, ristocetin induced aggregation was preserved. Addition of MK-383 did not alter the decrease of ADP and collagen induced aggregation. These results suggest platelet aggregating ability is maintained with protection of the platelet fibrinogen receptor during in vitro ventricular assisted circulation.
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Esseffar M, Parish CA, Jalal R, Lamsabhi AM. A Computational Study of the Reactivity of 3,5-(Oxo/Thioxo) Derivatives of 2,7-Dimethyl-1,2,4-Triazepines. Keto-Enol Tautomerization and Potential for Hydrogen Storage. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3076-3086. [PMID: 29485881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The G4 level of theory was used to evaluate the acidity of a series of triazepines, that is, 3-thioxo-5-oxo-, 5-thioxo-3-oxo-, 3,5-dioxo-, and 3,5-dithioxo- derivatives of 2,7-dimethyl-[1,2,4]-triazepine. The ability of their available nitrogen lone pair to form a dative bond with BH3 was also studied to highlight the resulting changes in acidity and to understand the behavior of the complexes formed. The effect of the substitution of sulfur by oxygen on the stability of the complex and the activation barrier of dehydrogenation was also evaluated. The formation of these triazepine:BH3 complexes, accompanied by the loss of H2 molecular hydrogen, is a strongly exothermic process. With one triazepine the pathway for H2 elimination from [triazepine]-BH3 is characterized by a small energy barrier ranging from 11 to 23 kJ/mol. The second H2 elimination is relatively more energetic than the first one (∼27 kJ/mol). Because of the steric hindrance associated with the addition of two molecules of triazepine (triazepine)2-BH2, the third dehydrogenation step is relatively less favorable than the two preceding steps, particularly in the case of the 3,5-dithio- derivative. The potential energy surface associated with the dehydrogenation reaction of all triazepine derivatives was explored. The thermodynamic favorability reported in this study could allow triazepine-borane to be used as a material for H2 storage applications.
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Ghiasi S, Valizadeh R, Rajabian R, Jalal R, Azimian B. Effects of Dietary Chromium-Methionin Supplementation on Blood Metabolites and Insulin Resistance Index in Fructose-Fed Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.2284.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gami M, Jalal R, Gallo R. CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF 1-ADAMANTANOL FROM ADAMANTANE INDUCED BY A HYDRIDE TRANSFER. ORG PREP PROCED INT 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/00304949209356240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Serna DL, King BO, Huh J, Jalal R, Tran L, Chen JC. Evidence for selective degradation of platelet GP IIb/IIIa complex after prolonged in vitro ventricular assist. J Investig Med 1998; 46:279-83. [PMID: 9737089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular assist devices (VAD) have improved survival in patients with end-stage heart failure. Past studies have shown that interactions between blood and synthetic surfaces promote initial bleeding and later thromboembolism. The exact mechanism of blood activation during VAD circulation remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor degradation occurs during clinical use of ventricular assist devices. METHODS Five in vitro nonpulsatile centrifugal VAD circuits were simulated for 4 days using 450 mL of fresh human whole blood. Temperature, activated clotting time, pH, pCO2, pO2, Ca++, and glucose were maintained at physiologic values. Flow was maintained at a constant 2.0 L/min/m2. We examined whole blood platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ATP). We also examined whole blood platelet degranulation induced by collagen and ADP. RESULTS Platelet aggregation in response to ristocetin, collagen, and ADP irreversibly and progressively declined with prolonged circulation in the VAD. While ADP-induced aggregation declined within the first hour, ristocetin and collagen-induced aggregation declined after 10 hours. Collagen-induced platelet degranulation decreased similar to aggregation, whereas ADP-induced degranulation continued and was preserved throughout the experiment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest prolonged circulation of human blood in a VAD circuit irreversibly impair platelet aggregation. The response of circulating platelets to individual agonists suggests that this platelet degradation is partially receptor specific. In our VAD system, ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation is more rapidly degraded with circulation. These results offer preliminary evidence that circulation of human blood in a VAD circuit leads to early degradation of the platelet GP IIb/IIIa complex. GP IIb/IIIa complex degradation is likely to be the mechanism of early VAD associated bleeding.
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Jalal R, Ozel K, Atilgan A, Yildiz A. UV photodetectors based on W-doped ZnO thin films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:265705. [PMID: 38592733 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad373b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
W-doped ZnO thin films deposited on Si substrates with (100) orientation by sol-gel spin coating method at temperature 500 °C. W/Zn atomic ratio varies from 0% to 4%. Then, the UV detection performance analysis ofp-nheterojunction UV photodetectors based on W-doped ZnO/Si is analyzed. The current-voltage curves of W-doped ZnO/Si are investigated in dark and exhibit diode-like rectifying behavior. Among doped ZnO/Si, sample with atomic ratio of W/Zn = 2% is the best candidate to study photodetector characteristics in UV range. The resulting device exhibits a rectification ratioRRof 5587 at ±5 V, a higher responsivity of 3.84 A W-1and a photosensitivity value of 34 at 365 nm under 0.5 mW cm-2. The experimental findings reveal that the UV detection performance of the heterojunction-based photodetectors strongly dependent on the properties of metal oxide layer. The main goal of this work is to investigate the effect of W doping on the performance of ZnO/Si based photodetectors. Based on our results, it is observed that 2 at% of W dopant is the optimum amount of doping for high performance photodetector of ZnO:W/Si heterojunction thanks to the suppressed recombination ratio and enhanced carrier separation properties in the depletion zone.
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Joseph J, Jalal R, Nagrath M, Dasgupta R, Chellani H, Pandey RM, Sood M, Goyal R, Ramji S. Growth Faltering Among Discharged Babies from Inpatient Newborn Care Facilities: Learnings from Two Districts of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Pediatr 2022; 59:763-768. [PMID: 35822489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the burden of early growth faltering and understand the care practices for small and sick babies discharged from newborn units in the district. STUDY DESIGN Observational and follow-up study. PARTICIPANTS 512 babies discharged from two Special Newborn Care Units (SNCUs) and four Newborn Stabilization Units (NBSUs) in two districts of Himachal Pradesh. METHODS Anthropometric assessments, interview of mothers and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) conducted between August, 2018 and March, 2019. Change in weight-for-age z-score (DWAZ) of <-0.67SD between birth and assessment was used to define growth faltering. OUTCOMES Proportion of growth faltering (or catch-down growth) in small and sick babies discharged from SNCUs and NBSUs, and infant care practices. RESULTS Growth faltering was observed in a significant proportion of both term (30%) and preterm (52.6%) babies between 1 to 4 months of age. Among babies with growth faltering (n=180), 73.9% received a home visit by ASHA, and only 36.7% received a follow-up visit at a facility. There were 71.3% mothers counselled at discharge (mostly informed about breast feeding). Most (96.7%) mothers did not perceive inadequate weight gain in their babies post-discharge. During home visits, ASHAs weighed 61.6% of the infants with growth faltering. Amongst infants who had growth faltering, only 49.6% of mothers had been provided information about their infant's growth and 57.1% mothers had received breastfeeding counselling. CONCLUSION Small and sick newborn infants (both term and preterm babies) discharged from special care newborn units are at increased risk of early growth faltering. Follow-up care provided to these infants is inadequate. There is a need to strengthen both facility-based and home-based follow up of small and sick newborn infants discharged from newborn care facilities.
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Joseph J, Jalal R, Sood M, Chellani H, Pandey RM, Goyal R, Ramji S, Dasgupta R. Turning the Gaze from Survive to Thrive for Children in India: Learnings from Two Case Studies. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:71-76. [PMID: 37540471 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant efforts and progress made in newborn care programs in India, implementation gaps persist across the continuum of care. The present case studies of two districts in Himachal Pradesh revealed that pathways of care were often fragmented with inconsistent linkages between facility and community due to poor documentation, lack of tiered referral, health system weaknesses, low utilization of primary level institutions, and inadequate post-natal home visits by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). Involvement of healthcare providers (HCPs) and frontline health workers (FHWs) was low and uneven in generating awareness across the districts with limited participation in supporting care in the community. Ensuring functionality of health centers and first-level care facilities; strengthening referral systems; adequate/trained human resources; strengthening routine health management systems, discharge processes and community-based care with adequate integration with facilities are necessary in closing access gaps.
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Case Reports |
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Joseph J, Jalal R, Nagrath M, Dasgupta R, Chellani H, Pandey RM, Sood M, Goyal R, Ramji S. Growth Faltering Among Discharged Babies from Inpatient Newborn Care Facilities: Learnings from Two Districts of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Pediatr 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-022-2618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tascou S, Nayernia K, Uedelhoven J, Böhm D, Jalal R, Ahmed M, Engel W, Burfeind P. Isolation and characterization of differentially expressed genes in invasive and non-invasive immortalized murine male germ cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 2001; 18:567-74. [PMID: 11179488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to elucidate the potential of premeiotic male germ cells to malignant transformation both the invasiveness and the differential gene expression of several putative tumor markers of the spermatogonia-derived cell line GC-1spg and the spermatocyte-derived cell line GC-4spc were analyzed. Studies, using RT-PCR analysis, of the expression pattern of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes which serve as markers for testicular germ cell tumors demonstrated that the expression of the endogenous mouse embryonic alkaline phosphatase (EAP) is upregulated in the GC-1spg cell line. Additionally, after transfection of GC-1spg cells and GC-4spc cells with a GCAP-CAT construct, an increased promoter activity of the human germ cell alkaline phosphatase (GCAP), the equivalent human isoenzyme of EAP, was shown in GC-1spg. Furthermore, an in vitro Matrigel invasion assay revealed a significant higher invasive potential of GC-1spg cells as compared to GC-4spc cells. Finally, a suppression subtractive hybridization on RNA of invasive GC-1spg cells and non-invasive GC-4spc cells was performed. In total, 31 cDNA sequences were isolated and further analyzed. Among these, 18 known sequences and 13 unknown sequences were determined. Northern blot analysis revealed that one unknown gene and eight known genes, namely integrin alpha 6, L6 antigen, annexin VIII, BVL-1 retrotransposon, protective protein, replacement variant histone 3.3, alpha-catenin and LPS-binding protein, are over-expressed in invasive GC-1spg cells. Taken together, both the enhanced invasive activity of GC-1spg cells and the upregulated expression of genes involved in the process of tumor progression suggest that the immortalized spermatogonia-derived cell line GC-1spg does have a higher potential to malignant transformation than the immortalized spermatocyte-derived cell line GC-4spc.
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Comparative Study |
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Walia GK, Panniyammakal J, Agarwal T, Jalal R, Gupta R, Ramakrishnan L, Tandon N, Roy A, Krishnan A, Prabhakaran D. Evaluation of genetic variants related to lipid levels among the North Indian population. Front Genet 2024; 14:1234693. [PMID: 38348409 PMCID: PMC10859749 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1234693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: A heavy burden of cardiometabolic conditions on low- and middle-income countries like India that are rapidly undergoing urbanization remains unaddressed. Indians are known to have high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL-C along with moderately higher levels of LDL-C. The genome-wide findings from Western populations need to be validated in an Indian context for a better understanding of the underlying etiology of dyslipidemia in India. Objective: We aim to validate 12 genetic variants associated with lipid levels among rural and urban Indian populations and derive unweighted and weighted genetic risk scores (uGRS and wGRS) for lipid levels among the Indian population. Methods: Assuming an additive model of inheritance, linear regression models adjusted for all the possible covariates were run to examine the association between 12 genetic variants and total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C among 2,117 rural and urban Indian participants. The combined effect of validated loci was estimated by allelic risk scores, unweighted and weighted by their effect sizes. Results: The wGRS for triglycerides and VLDL-C was derived based on five associated variants (rs174546 at FADS1, rs17482753 at LPL, rs2293889 at TRPS1, rs4148005 at ABCA8, and rs4420638 at APOC1), which was associated with 36.31 mg/dL of elevated triglyceride and VLDL-C levels (β = 0.95, SE = 0.16, p < 0.001). Similarly, every unit of combined risk score (rs2293889 at TRPS1 and rs4147536 at ADH1B) was associated with 40.62 mg/dL of higher total cholesterol (β = 1.01, SE = 0.23, p < 0.001) and 33.97 mg/dL of higher LDL-C (β = 1.03, SE = 0.19, p < 0.001) based on its wGRS (rs2293889 at TRPS1, rs4147536 at ADH1B, rs4420638 at APOC1, and rs660240 at CELSR2). The wGRS derived from five associated variants (rs174546 at FADS1, rs17482753 at LPL, rs4148005 at ABCA8, rs4420638 at APOC1, and rs7832643 at PLEC) was associated with 10.64 mg/dL of lower HDL-C (β = -0.87, SE = 0.14, p < 0.001). Conclusion: We confirm the role of eight genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci related to different lipid levels in the Indian population and demonstrate the combined effect of variants for lipid traits among Indians by deriving the polygenic risk scores. Similar studies among different populations are required to validate the GWAS loci and effect modification of these loci by lifestyle and environmental factors related to urbanization.
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