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Takahashi M, Chong HB, Zhang S, Yang TY, Lazarov MJ, Harry S, Maynard M, Hilbert B, White RD, Murrey HE, Tsou CC, Vordermark K, Assaad J, Gohar M, Dürr BR, Richter M, Patel H, Kryukov G, Brooijmans N, Alghali ASO, Rubio K, Villanueva A, Zhang J, Ge M, Makram F, Griesshaber H, Harrison D, Koglin AS, Ojeda S, Karakyriakou B, Healy A, Popoola G, Rachmin I, Khandelwal N, Neil JR, Tien PC, Chen N, Hosp T, van den Ouweland S, Hara T, Bussema L, Dong R, Shi L, Rasmussen MQ, Domingues AC, Lawless A, Fang J, Yoda S, Nguyen LP, Reeves SM, Wakefield FN, Acker A, Clark SE, Dubash T, Kastanos J, Oh E, Fisher DE, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Boland GM, Sade-Feldman M, Jenkins RW, Hata AN, Bardeesy NM, Suvà ML, Martin BR, Liau BB, Ott CJ, Rivera MN, Lawrence MS, Bar-Peled L. DrugMap: A quantitative pan-cancer analysis of cysteine ligandability. Cell 2024; 187:2536-2556.e30. [PMID: 38653237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine-focused chemical proteomic platforms have accelerated the clinical development of covalent inhibitors for a wide range of targets in cancer. However, how different oncogenic contexts influence cysteine targeting remains unknown. To address this question, we have developed "DrugMap," an atlas of cysteine ligandability compiled across 416 cancer cell lines. We unexpectedly find that cysteine ligandability varies across cancer cell lines, and we attribute this to differences in cellular redox states, protein conformational changes, and genetic mutations. Leveraging these findings, we identify actionable cysteines in NF-κB1 and SOX10 and develop corresponding covalent ligands that block the activity of these transcription factors. We demonstrate that the NF-κB1 probe blocks DNA binding, whereas the SOX10 ligand increases SOX10-SOX10 interactions and disrupts melanoma transcriptional signaling. Our findings reveal heterogeneity in cysteine ligandability across cancers, pinpoint cell-intrinsic features driving cysteine targeting, and illustrate the use of covalent probes to disrupt oncogenic transcription-factor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Takahashi
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Harrison B Chong
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Matthew J Lazarov
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stefan Harry
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kira Vordermark
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jonathan Assaad
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Magdy Gohar
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Benedikt R Dürr
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marianne Richter
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Himani Patel
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karla Rubio
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Antonio Villanueva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junbing Zhang
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maolin Ge
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Farah Makram
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hanna Griesshaber
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Drew Harrison
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ann-Sophie Koglin
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Samuel Ojeda
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Barbara Karakyriakou
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexander Healy
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - George Popoola
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Inbal Rachmin
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Neha Khandelwal
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Pei-Chieh Tien
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas Chen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tobias Hosp
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sanne van den Ouweland
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Toshiro Hara
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lillian Bussema
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Martin Q Rasmussen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Domingues
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aleigha Lawless
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jacy Fang
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Satoshi Yoda
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Linh Phuong Nguyen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sarah Marie Reeves
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Farrah Nicole Wakefield
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Adam Acker
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Clark
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Taronish Dubash
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - John Kastanos
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eugene Oh
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Russell W Jenkins
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nabeel M Bardeesy
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Brian B Liau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Christopher J Ott
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Liron Bar-Peled
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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White RD. Examining the Influence of Physician Assistant/Associate Scope of Practice Reforms and Individual Characteristics on Wages. Med Care Res Rev 2023; 80:386-395. [PMID: 37340800 DOI: 10.1177/10775587231165351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
High labor demand for physician assistants/associates (PA) has led to substantial PA workforce and wage growth. During this growth period, states have adopted reforms to reduce PA scope of practice restrictions and reports of significant gender and race wage disparities have emerged. This study examined data from the American Community Survey to investigate the influence of demographic characteristics, human capital, and scope of practice reforms on PA wages from 2008 to 2017. Using an ordinary least squares two-way fixed effects estimator, a significant association between reforms and PA wages could not be established. Rather, wages were found to be strongly associated with human capital and demographic characteristics. Gender and race wage disparities persist, with female PAs earning 7.5% lower wages than male PAs and White PAs earning 9.1% to 14.5% higher wages than racial and ethnic minority PAs. These findings suggest a minimal influence of prior scope of practice reforms on PA wages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D White
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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3
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Boyle GJ, Stokes PW, Robson RE, White RD. Boltzmann's equation at 150: Traditional and modern solution techniques for charged particles in neutral gases. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:024306. [PMID: 37431915 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminal gas discharge experiments of the late 19th and early 20th centuries laid the foundations of modern physics, and the influence of this "golden era" continues to resonate well into the 21st century through modern technologies, medical applications, and fundamental scientific investigations. Key to this continuing success story has been the kinetic equation formulated by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872, which provides the theoretical foundations necessary for analyzing such highly non-equilibrium situations. However, as discussed here, the full potential of Boltzmann's equation has been realized only in the past 50 years or so, with modern computing power and analytical techniques facilitating accurate solutions for various types of charged particles (ions, electrons, positrons, and muons) in gases. Our example of thermalization of electrons in xenon gas highlights the need for such accurate methods-the traditional Lorentz approximation is shown to be hopelessly inadequate. We then discuss the emerging role of Boltzmann's equation in determining cross sections by inverting measured swarm experiment transport coefficient data using machine learning with artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Boyle
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, Australia
| | - P W Stokes
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, Australia
| | - R E Robson
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, Australia
| | - R D White
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, Australia
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Stokes PW, White RD, Campbell L, Brunger MJ. Toward a complete and comprehensive cross section database for electron scattering from NO using machine learning. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084305. [PMID: 34470353 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We review experimental and theoretical cross sections for electron scattering in nitric oxide (NO) and form a comprehensive set of plausible cross sections. To assess the accuracy and self-consistency of our set, we also review electron swarm transport coefficients in pure NO and admixtures of NO in Ar, for which we perform a multi-term Boltzmann equation analysis. We address observed discrepancies with these experimental measurements by training an artificial neural network to solve the inverse problem of unfolding the underlying electron-NO cross sections while using our initial cross section set as a base for this refinement. In this way, we refine a suitable quasielastic momentum transfer cross section, a dissociative electron attachment cross section, and a neutral dissociation cross section. We confirm that the resulting refined cross section set has an improved agreement with the experimental swarm data over that achieved with our initial set. We also use our refined database to calculate electron transport coefficients in NO, across a large range of density-reduced electric fields from 0.003 to 10 000 Td.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Stokes
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - R D White
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - L Campbell
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - M J Brunger
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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5
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Dobbs NW, Budak MJ, White RD, Zealley IA. MR-Eye: High-Resolution Microscopy Coil MRI for the Assessment of the Orbit and Periorbital Structures, Part 2: Clinical Applications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1184-1189. [PMID: 33737269 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this 2-part series, we described how to implement microscopy coil MR imaging of the orbits. Beyond being a useful anatomic educational tool, microscopy coil MR imaging has valuable applications in clinical practice. By depicting deep tissue tumor extension, which cannot be evaluated clinically, ophthalmic surgeons can minimize the surgical field, preserve normal anatomy when possible, and maximize the accuracy of resection margins. Here we demonstrate common and uncommon pathologies that may be encountered in orbital microscopy coil MR imaging practice and discuss the imaging appearance, the underlying pathologic processes, and the clinical relevance of the microscopy coil MR imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Dobbs
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (N.W.D.), Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M J Budak
- Qscan Radiology Clinics (M.J.B.), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R D White
- Department of Clinical Radiology (R.D.W.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - I A Zealley
- Department of Clinical Radiology (I.A.Z.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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Nakajima R, Oono H, Kumazawa K, Ida T, Hirata J, White RD, Min X, Guzman-Perez A, Wang Z, Symons A, Singh SK, Mothe SR, Belyakov S, Chakrabarti A, Shuto S. Discovery of 6-Oxo-4-phenyl-hexanoic acid derivatives as RORγt inverse agonists showing favorable ADME profile. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 36:127786. [PMID: 33493627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt), which is a promising therapeutic target for immune diseases, is a major transcription factor of genes related to psoriasis pathogenesis, such as interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and IL-23R. Inspired by the co-crystal structure of RORγt, a 6-oxo-4-phenyl-hexanoic acid derivative 6a was designed, synthesized, and identified as a ligand of RORγt. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies in 6a, which focus on the improvement of its membrane permeability profile by introducing chlorine atoms, led to finding 12a, which has a potent RORγt inhibitory activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Oono
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Keiko Kumazawa
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohide Ida
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Ryan D White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Xiaoshan Min
- Departments of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Angel Guzman-Perez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Zhulun Wang
- Departments of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Antony Symons
- Departments of Inflammation & Oncology Research Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Sergei Belyakov
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Anjan Chakrabarti
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Stokes PW, Foster SP, Casey MJE, Cocks DG, González-Magaña O, de Urquijo J, García G, Brunger MJ, White RD. An improved set of electron-THFA cross sections refined through a neural network-based analysis of swarm data. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084306. [PMID: 33639749 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We review experimental and theoretical cross sections for electron transport in α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) and, in doing so, propose a plausible complete set. To assess the accuracy and self-consistency of our proposed set, we use the pulsed-Townsend technique to measure drift velocities, longitudinal diffusion coefficients, and effective Townsend first ionization coefficients for electron swarms in admixtures of THFA in argon, across a range of density-reduced electric fields from 1 to 450 Td. These measurements are then compared to simulated values derived from our proposed set using a multi-term solution of Boltzmann's equation. We observe discrepancies between the simulation and experiment, which we attempt to address by employing a neural network model that is trained to solve the inverse swarm problem of unfolding the cross sections underpinning our experimental swarm measurements. What results from our neural network-based analysis is a refined set of electron-THFA cross sections, which we confirm is of higher consistency with our swarm measurements than that which we initially proposed. We also use our database to calculate electron transport coefficients in pure THFA across a range of reduced electric fields from 0.001 to 10 000 Td.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Stokes
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - S P Foster
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - M J E Casey
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - D G Cocks
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - O González-Magaña
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62251 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - J de Urquijo
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62251 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - G García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Brunger
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia
| | - R D White
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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8
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White RD, Yousefian O, Banks HT, Alexanderian A, Muller M. Inferring pore radius and density from ultrasonic attenuation using physics-based modeling. J Acoust Soc Am 2021; 149:340. [PMID: 33514152 PMCID: PMC7808762 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes the use of two physics-based models for wave attenuation to infer the microstructure of cortical bone-like structures. One model for ultrasound attenuation in porous media is based on the independent scattering approximation (ISA) and the other model is based on the Waterman Truell (WT) approximation. The microstructural parameters of interest are pore radius and pore density. Attenuation data are simulated for three-dimensional structures mimicking cortical bone using the finite-difference time domain package SimSonic. These simulated structures have fixed sized pores (monodisperse), allowing fine-tuned control of the microstructural parameters. Structures with pore radii ranging from 50 to 100 μm and densities ranging from 20 to 50 pores/mm3 are generated in which only the attenuation due to scattering is considered. From here, an inverse problem is formulated and solved, calibrating the models to the simulated data and producing estimates of pore radius and density. The estimated microstructural parameters closely match the values used to simulate the data, validating the use of both the ISA and WT approximations to model ultrasonic wave attenuation in heterogeneous structures mimicking cortical bone. Furthermore, this illustrates the effectiveness of both models in inferring pore radius and density solely from ultrasonic attenuation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D White
- Mathematics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - O Yousefian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - H T Banks
- Mathematics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - A Alexanderian
- Mathematics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - M Muller
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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9
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Cheong Z, Moreira GM, Bettega MHF, Blanco F, Garcia G, Brunger MJ, White RD, Sullivan JP. A comparison of experimental and theoretical low energy positron scattering from furan. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244303. [PMID: 33380099 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a joint experimental and theoretical study of positron scattering from furan. Experimental data were measured using the low energy positron beamline located at the Australian National University and cover an energy range from 1 eV to 30 eV. Cross sections were measured for total scattering, total elastic and inelastic scattering, positronium formation, and differential elastic scattering. Two theoretical approaches are presented: the Schwinger multichannel method and the independent atom method with screening corrected additivity rule. In addition, our data are compared to corresponding electron scattering results from the same target with a number of significant differences observed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cheong
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - G M Moreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M H F Bettega
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - F Blanco
- Departamento de Fısica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Garcia
- Instituto de Fısica Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Brunger
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - R D White
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld., Australia
| | - J P Sullivan
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Takayasu's arteritis is a large vessel vasculitis which usually involves the aorta and its first generation branches. Aortic dissection, however, is a rare manifestation of Takayasu's arteritis and for this reason optimum management in both short and long term is unknown. METHODS This is a case of a 31-year-old female presenting with acute type B AD in association with underlying TA which failed to respond to conservative management and underwent thoracic stent grafting (TEVAR). RESULTS Despite successful coverage of the intimal breach in the thoracic aorta by TEVAR there were complications with delivery of the stent which required a conduit sutured to the right common iliac artery. Also post-TEVAR computed tomography showed a localised dissection of the origin of the left common carotid artery which may have been iatrogenic possibly due to the stiff guidewire used during delivery of the stent graft to the thoracic aorta. CONCLUSIONS The use of TEVAR for an acute type B AD in those with TA may be problematic. The fragility of the major arteries increases the likelihood of iatrogenic periprocedural complications and long-term surveillance is essential due to significant chance of further arterial complications in type B AD occurring in TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazumdar
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - R D White
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - I M Williams
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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11
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Nakajima R, Oono H, Sugiyama S, Matsueda Y, Ida T, Kakuda S, Hirata J, Baba A, Makino A, Matsuyama R, White RD, Wurz RΡ, Shin Y, Min X, Guzman-Perez A, Wang Z, Symons A, Singh SK, Mothe SR, Belyakov S, Chakrabarti A, Shuto S. Discovery of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5- a]pyridine Derivatives as Potent and Orally Bioavailable RORγt Inverse Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:528-534. [PMID: 32292560 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt), a promising therapeutic target, is a major transcription factor of genes related to psoriasis pathogenesis such as interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and IL-23R. On the basis of the X-ray cocrystal structure of RORγt with 1a, an analogue of the known piperazine RORγt inverse agonist 1, triazolopyridine derivatives of 1 were designed and synthesized, and analogue 3a was found to be a potent RORγt inverse agonist. Structure-activity relationship studies on 3a, focusing on the treatment of its metabolically unstable cyclopentyl ring and the central piperazine core, led to a novel analogue, namely, 6-methyl-N-(7-methyl-8-(((2S,4S)-2-methyl-1-(4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)nicotinamide (5a), which exhibited strong RORγt inhibitory activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 5a in a human whole-blood assay and a mouse IL-18/23-induced cytokine expression model revealed its robust and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on IL-17A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oono
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Sakae Sugiyama
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Yohei Matsueda
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohide Ida
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Shinji Kakuda
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Atsushi Baba
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Akito Makino
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuyama
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Ryan D. White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ryan Ρ. Wurz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
| | - Youngsook Shin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
| | | | - Angel Guzman-Perez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | - Sanjay K. Singh
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
| | - Sergei Belyakov
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
| | - Anjan Chakrabarti
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
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12
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Dobbs NW, Budak MJ, White RD, Zealley IA. MR-Eye: High-Resolution Microscopy Coil MRI for the Assessment of the Orbit and Periorbital Structures, Part 1: Technique and Anatomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:947-950. [PMID: 32241775 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microscopy coil MR imaging of the orbits has been described previously as a technique for anatomic depiction. In the first part of this 2-part series, the improvement in spatial resolution that the technique offers compared with conventional MR imaging of the orbits is demonstrated. We provide a guide to implementing the technique, sharing pearls and pitfalls gleaned from our own practice to make implementation of microscopy coil MR imaging at your own center easy. As a quick reference guide to the small-scale structures encountered when reading the studies, a short anatomy section is included, which doubles as a showcase for the high-quality imaging that can be obtained. In the second part, our experience of microscopy coil MR imaging in day-to-day clinical practice takes it far beyond being a useful anatomic educational tool. Through a series of interesting cases, we highlight the added benefit of microscopy coil MR imaging compared with standard orbital MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Dobbs
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (N.W.D.), Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M J Budak
- Qscan Radiology Clinics (M.J.B.), Gold Coast, Australia
| | - R D White
- Department of Clinical Radiology (R.D.W.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - I A Zealley
- Department of Clinical Radiology (I.A.Z.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
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13
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Simonović I, Bošnjaković D, Petrović ZL, Stokes P, White RD, Dujko S. Third-order transport coefficient tensor of charged-particle swarms in electric and magnetic fields. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:023203. [PMID: 32168642 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.023203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Third-order transport coefficient tensor of charged-particle swarms in neutral gases in the presence of spatially uniform electric and magnetic fields is considered using a multiterm solution of Boltzmann's equation and Monte Carlo simulation technique. The structure of the third-order transport coefficient tensor and symmetries along its individual components in varying configurations of electric and magnetic fields are addressed using a group projector technique and through symmetry considerations of the Boltzmann equation. In addition, we focus upon the physical interpretation of the third-order transport coefficient tensor by considering the extended diffusion equation which incorporates the contribution of the third-order transport coefficients to the density profile of charged particles. Numerical calculations are carried out for electron and ion swarms for a range of model gases with the aim of establishing accurate benchmarks for third-order transport coefficients. The effects of ion to neutral-particle mass ratio are also examined. The errors of the two-term approximation for solving the Boltzmann equation and limitations of previous treatments of the high-order charged-particle transport properties are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Simonović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, PO Box 68, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Bošnjaković
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, PO Box 68, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Z Lj Petrović
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P Stokes
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 4810 Townsville, Australia
| | - R D White
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 4810 Townsville, Australia
| | - S Dujko
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, PO Box 68, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Álvarez L, Costa F, Lozano AI, Oller JC, Muñoz A, Blanco F, Limão-Vieira P, White RD, Brunger MJ, García G. Electron scattering cross sections from nitrobenzene in the energy range 0.4-1000 eV: the role of dipole interactions in measurements and calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13505-13515. [PMID: 32530024 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Absolute total electron scattering cross sections (TCS) for nitrobenzene molecules with impact energies from 0.4 to 1000 eV have been measured by means of two different electron-transmission experimental arrangements. For the lower energies (0.4-250 eV) a magnetically confined electron beam system has been used, while for energies above 100 eV a linear beam transmission technique with high angular resolution allowed accurate measurements up to 1000 eV impact energy. In both cases random uncertainties were maintained below 5-8%. Systematic errors arising from the angular and energy resolution limits of each apparatus are analysed in detail and quantified with the help of our theoretical calculations. Differential elastic and integral elastic, excitation and ionisation as well as momentum transfer cross sections have been calculated, for the whole energy range considered here, by using an independent atom model in combination with the screening corrected additivity rule method including interference effects (IAM-SCARI). Due to the significant permanent dipole moment of nitrobenzene, additional differential and integral rotational excitation cross sections have been calculated in the framework of the Born approximation. If we ignore the rotational excitations, our calculated total cross section agrees well with our experimental results for impact energies above 15 eV. Additionally, they overlap at 10 eV with the low energy Schwinger Multichannel method with Pseudo Potentials (SMCPP) calculation available in the literature (L. S. Maioli and M. H. F. Bettega, J. Chem. Phys., 2017, 147, 164305). We find a broad feature in the experimental TCS at around 1.0 eV, which has been related to the formation of the NO2- anion and assigned to the π*(b1) resonance, according to previous mass spectra available in the literature. Other local maxima in the TCSs are found at 4.0 ± 0.2 and 5.0 ± 0.2 eV and are assigned to core excited resonances leading to the formation of the NO2- and O2- anions, respectively. Finally, for energies below 10 eV, differences found between the present measurements, the SMCPP calculation and our previous data for non-polar benzene have revealed the importance of accurately calculating the rotational excitation contribution to the TCS before comparing theoretical and experimental data. This comparison suggests that our dipole-Born calculation for nitrobenzene overestimates the magnitude of the rotational excitation cross sections below 10 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Álvarez
- Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, CSIC, Serrano 113-Bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Costa
- Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, CSIC, Serrano 113-Bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A I Lozano
- Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, CSIC, Serrano 113-Bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. and Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - J C Oller
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Blanco
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia Física Térmica y Electrónica e IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Limão-Vieira
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - R D White
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - M J Brunger
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia and Department of Actuarial Science and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Business and Information Science UCSI, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - G García
- Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, CSIC, Serrano 113-Bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. and Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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15
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Yu JS, Yu SM, Erdal BS, Demirer M, Gupta V, Bigelow M, Salvador A, Rink T, Lenobel SS, Prevedello LM, White RD. Detection and localisation of hip fractures on anteroposterior radiographs with artificial intelligence: proof of concept. Clin Radiol 2019; 75:237.e1-237.e9. [PMID: 31787211 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the feasibility of applying a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for detection/localisation of acute proximal femoral fractures (APFFs) on hip radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study had institutional review board approval. Radiographs of 307 patients with APFFs and 310 normal patients were identified. A split ratio of 3/1/1 was used to create training, validation, and test datasets. To test the validity of the proposed model, a 20-fold cross-validation was performed. The anonymised images from the test cohort were shown to two groups of radiologists: musculoskeletal radiologists and diagnostic radiology residents. Each reader was asked to assess if there was a fracture and localise it if one was detected. The area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for the CNN and readers. RESULTS The mean AUC was 0.9944 with a standard deviation of 0.0036. Mean sensitivity and specificity for fracture detection was 97.1% (81.5/84) and 96.7% (118/122), respectively. There was good concordance with saliency maps for lesion identification, but sensitivity was lower for characterising location (subcapital/transcervical, 84.1%; basicervical/intertrochanteric, 77%; subtrochanteric, 20%). Musculoskeletal radiologists showed a sensitivity and specificity for fracture detection of 100% and 100% respectively, while residents showed 100% and 96.8%, respectively. For fracture localisation, the performance decreased slightly for human readers. CONCLUSION The proposed CNN algorithm showed high accuracy for detection of APFFs, but the performance was lower for fracture localisation. Overall performance of the CNN was lower than that of radiologists, especially in localizing fracture location.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - S M Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - B S Erdal
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M Demirer
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - V Gupta
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M Bigelow
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A Salvador
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - T Rink
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S S Lenobel
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - L M Prevedello
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - R D White
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 452 Doan Tower, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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16
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Costa F, Álvarez L, Lozano AI, Blanco F, Oller JC, Muñoz A, Barbosa AS, Bettega MHF, Ferreira da Silva F, Limão-Vieira P, White RD, Brunger MJ, García G. Experimental and theoretical analysis for total electron scattering cross sections of benzene. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084310. [PMID: 31470731 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of the total electron scattering cross sections (TCSs) from benzene, in the impact energy range of 1-1000 eV, are presented here by combining two different experimental systems. The first utilizes a magnetically confined electron transmission beam for the lower energies (1-300 eV), while the second utilizes a linear transmission beam apparatus for the higher energies (100-1000 eV). These cross sections have also been calculated by means of two different theoretical methods, the Schwinger Multichannel with Pseudo Potential (SMCPP) procedure, employing two different approaches to account for the polarization of the target for impact energies between 0.1 and 15 eV, and the Independent Atom Model with the Screening Corrected Additivity Rule including Interference effect (IAM-SCAR+I) paradigm to cover the 10-10 000 eV impact energy range. The present results are compared with available theoretical and experimental data, with the level of accord being good in some cases and less satisfactory in others, and some predicted resonances have been identified. In particular, we found a π* shape resonance at 1.4 eV and another feature in the energy region 4.6-4.9 eV interpreted as a π* resonance (2B2g symmetry), which is a mixture of shape and a core excited resonance, as well as a Feshbach resonance at 5.87 eV associated with the 3s (a1g) Rydberg state. A Born-type formula to extrapolate TCS values for energies above 10 000 eV is also given. This study provides a complete set of TCS data, with uncertainty limits within 10%, ready to be used for modeling electron transport applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Costa
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Álvarez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A I Lozano
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Blanco
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia Física Térmica y Electrónica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Oller
- Departamento de Tecnología, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz
- Departamento de Tecnología, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Souza Barbosa
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19044, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M H F Bettega
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19044, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - F Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - P Limão-Vieira
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - R D White
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - M J Brunger
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - G García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Lozano AI, Oller JC, Jones DB, da Costa RF, Varella MTDN, Bettega MHF, Ferreira da Silva F, Limão-Vieira P, Lima MAP, White RD, Brunger MJ, Blanco F, Muñoz A, García G. Total electron scattering cross sections from para-benzoquinone in the energy range 1-200 eV. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22368-22378. [PMID: 30129642 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Total electron scattering cross sections, from para-benzoquinone, for impact energies ranging between 1 to 200 eV, have been obtained by measuring the attenuation of a linear electron beam under magnetic confinement conditions. Random uncertainty limits on these values have been found to be within 5%. Systematic errors, due to the axial magnetic beam conditions in combination with the acceptance angle of the detector, have been evaluated by integrating our calculated independent atom model with the screening corrected additivity rule and interference term elastic differential cross sections over that detection acceptance angle. Our previous calculations and measurements on this molecule (Jones et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2018, 148, 124312 and J. Chem. Phys., 2018, 148, 204305), have been compiled and complemented with new elastic and inelastic scattering cross section calculations in order to obtain a comprehensive cross section data base, within the considered energy range, for modelling purposes. The self-consistency of the present data set has been evaluated by simulating the electron transport of 15 eV electrons in para-benzoquinone, and comparing those results with the observed transmitted intensity distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Lozano
- Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, CSIC, Serrano 113-bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Banks HT, Everett RA, Murad N, White RD, Banks JE, Cass BN, Rosenheim JA. Optimal design for dynamical modeling of pest populations. Math Biosci Eng 2018; 15:993-1010. [PMID: 30380318 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2018044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We apply SE-optimal design methodology to investigate optimal data collection procedures as a first step in investigating information content in ecoinformatics data sets. To illustrate ideas we use a simple phenomenological citrus red mite population model for pest dynamics. First the optimal sampling distributions for a varying number of data points are determined. We then analyze these optimal distributions by comparing the standard errors of parameter estimates corresponding to each distribution. This allows us to investigate how many data are required to have confidence in model parameter estimates in order to employ dynamical modeling to infer population dynamics. Our results suggest that a field researcher should collect at least 12 data points at the optimal times. Data collected according to this procedure along with dynamical modeling will allow us to estimate population dynamics from presence/absence-based data sets through the development of a scaling relationship. These Likert-type data sets are commonly collected by agricultural pest management consultants and are increasingly being used in ecoinformatics studies. By applying mathematical modeling with the relationship scale from the new data, we can then explore important integrated pest management questions using past and future presence/absence data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Banks
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8212, USA
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19
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Yousefian O, White RD, Karbalaeisadegh Y, Banks HT, Muller M. The effect of pore size and density on ultrasonic attenuation in porous structures with mono-disperse random pore distribution: A two-dimensional in-silico study. J Acoust Soc Am 2018; 144:709. [PMID: 30180715 PMCID: PMC6093759 DOI: 10.1121/1.5049782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a power law model to describe the attenuation of ultrasonic waves in non-absorbing heterogeneous media with randomly distributed scatterers, mimicking a simplified structure of cortical bone. This paper models the propagation in heterogeneous structures with controlled porosity using a two-dimensional finite-difference time domain numerical simulation in order to measure the frequency dependent attenuation. The paper then fits a phenomenological model to the simulated frequency dependent attenuation by optimizing parameters under an ordinary least squares framework. Local sensitivity analysis is then performed on the resulting parameter estimates in order to determine to which estimates the model is most sensitive. This paper finds that the sensitivity of the model to various parameter estimates depends on the micro-architectural parameters, pore diameter (ϕ) and pore density (ρ). In order to get a sense for how confidently model parameters are able to be estimated, 95% confidence intervals for these estimates are calculated. In doing so, the ability to estimate model-sensitive parameters with a high degree of confidence is established. In the future, being able to accurately estimate model parameters from which micro-architectural ones could be inferred will allow pore density and diameter to be estimated via an inverse problem given real or simulated ultrasonic data to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Yousefian
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8212, USA
| | - R D White
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8212, USA
| | - Yasamin Karbalaeisadegh
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8212, USA
| | - H T Banks
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8212, USA
| | - Marie Muller
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8212, USA
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20
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Rieger TR, Allen RJ, Bystricky L, Chen Y, Colopy GW, Cui Y, Gonzalez A, Liu Y, White RD, Everett RA, Banks HT, Musante CJ. Improving the generation and selection of virtual populations in quantitative systems pharmacology models. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2018; 139:15-22. [PMID: 29902482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models aim to describe mechanistically the pathophysiology of disease and predict the effects of therapies on that disease. For most drug development applications, it is important to predict not only the mean response to an intervention but also the distribution of responses, due to inter-patient variability. Given the necessary complexity of QSP models, and the sparsity of relevant human data, the parameters of QSP models are often not well determined. One approach to overcome these limitations is to develop alternative virtual patients (VPs) and virtual populations (Vpops), which allow for the exploration of parametric uncertainty and reproduce inter-patient variability in response to perturbation. Here we evaluated approaches to improve the efficiency of generating Vpops. We aimed to generate Vpops without sacrificing diversity of the VPs' pathophysiologies and phenotypes. To do this, we built upon a previously published approach (Allen et al., 2016) by (a) incorporating alternative optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm and Metropolis-Hastings) or alternatively (b) augmenting the optimized objective function. Each method improved the baseline algorithm by requiring significantly fewer plausible patients (precursors to VPs) to create a reasonable Vpop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J Allen
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lukas Bystricky
- Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas-Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Glen Wright Colopy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yifan Cui
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R D White
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - R A Everett
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H T Banks
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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21
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Chin SC, Weir-McCall JR, Yeap PM, White RD, Budak MJ, Duncan G, Oliver TB, Zealley IA. Evidence-based anatomical review areas derived from systematic analysis of cases from a radiological departmental discrepancy meeting. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:902.e1-902.e12. [PMID: 28687168 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To produce short checklists of specific anatomical review sites for different regions of the body based on the frequency of radiological errors reviewed at radiology discrepancy meetings, thereby creating "evidence-based" review areas for radiology reporting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single centre discrepancy database was retrospectively reviewed from a 5-year period. All errors were classified by type, modality, body system, and specific anatomical location. Errors were assigned to one of four body regions: chest, abdominopelvic, central nervous system (CNS), and musculoskeletal (MSK). Frequencies of errors in anatomical locations were then analysed. RESULTS There were 561 errors in 477 examinations; 290 (46%) errors occurred in the abdomen/pelvis, 99 (15.7%) in the chest, 117 (18.5%) in the CNS, and 125 (19.9%) in the MSK system. In each body system, the five most common location were chest: lung bases on computed tomography (CT), apices on radiography, pulmonary vasculature, bones, and mediastinum; abdominopelvic: vasculature, colon, kidneys, liver, and pancreas; CNS: intracranial vasculature, peripheral cerebral grey matter, bone, parafalcine, and the frontotemporal lobes surrounding the Sylvian fissure; and MSK: calvarium, sacrum, pelvis, chest, and spine. CONCLUSION The five listed locations accounted for >50% of all perceptual errors suggesting an avenue for focused review at the end of reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chin
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - J R Weir-McCall
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - P M Yeap
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - R D White
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - M J Budak
- Gold Coast Radiology, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Duncan
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - T B Oliver
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - I A Zealley
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
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22
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Low JD, Bartberger MD, Chen K, Cheng Y, Fielden MR, Gore V, Hickman D, Liu Q, Allen Sickmier E, Vargas HM, Werner J, White RD, Whittington DA, Wood S, Minatti AE. Development of 2-aminooxazoline 3-azaxanthene β-amyloid cleaving enzyme (BACE) inhibitors with improved selectivity against Cathepsin D. Medchemcomm 2017; 8:1196-1206. [PMID: 30108829 PMCID: PMC6072065 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing effort at Amgen to develop a disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease, we have previously used the aminooxazoline xanthene (AOX) scaffold to generate potent and orally efficacious BACE1 inhibitors. While AOX-BACE1 inhibitors demonstrated acceptable cardiovascular safety margins, a retinal pathological finding in rat toxicological studies demanded further investigation. It has been widely postulated that such retinal toxicity might be related to off-target inhibition of Cathepsin D (CatD), a closely related aspartyl protease. We report the development of AOX-BACE1 inhibitors with improved selectivity against CatD by following a structure- and property-based approach. Our efforts culminated in the discovery of a picolinamide-substituted 3-aza-AOX-BACE1 inhibitor absent of retinal effects in an early screening rat toxicology study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Low
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
| | - Michael D Bartberger
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Kui Chen
- Department Discovery Technologies , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
| | - Mark R Fielden
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Vijay Gore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
| | - Dean Hickman
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Qingyian Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
| | - E Allen Sickmier
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - Hugo M Vargas
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Jonathan Werner
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Ryan D White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - Douglas A Whittington
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - Stephen Wood
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Ana E Minatti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
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23
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White RD, Flaker G. Smartphone-based Arrhythmia Detection: Should we encourage patients to use the ECG in their pocket? J Atr Fibrillation 2017; 9:1605. [PMID: 29250298 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is important for stroke prevention in patients with AF. This paper aimed to investigate the current landscape of smartphone-based arrhythmia detection and monitoring. The current technology can be divided into smartphone-based photoplethysmography (PPG) and smartphone-based single-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). Our literature review concluded there are currently no validated PPG applications for the detection of arrhythmias available to the general population. However, an initial validation study indicates that the current development in Cardiio Rhythm PPG application, when made available, could provide an accurate and reliable means to detect AF in patients at risk of developing AF. The smartphone-based single-lead ECG devices are more promising. Multiple studies have shown the AliveCor smartphone ECG to be a reliable and accurate means of detecting atrial fibrillation. A drawback is that this device strictly provides data and is not capable of making a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The recorded ECG needs to be sent to a physician or medical professional for further review. In conclusion, these devices show promise in arrhythmia assessment, managing patients with AF, and diagnosing AF early in high risk patients. Caution should be used when assessing data provided by these devices, as validation in a real-world setting is still underway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Flaker
- Professor of Medicine University of Missouri
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24
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Jordan JB, Whittington DA, Bartberger MD, Sickmier EA, Chen K, White RD, Cheng Y, Judd T. Correction to Fragment-Linking Approach Using 19F NMR Spectroscopy To Obtain Highly Potent and Selective Inhibitors of β-Secretase. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3218. [PMID: 28349692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- R D White
- Pediatrix Medical Group Director, Regional Newborn Program, Memorial Hospital, South Bend, IN, USA
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26
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Rulifson IC, Cao P, Miao L, Kopecky D, Huang L, White RD, Samayoa K, Gardner J, Wu X, Chen K, Tsuruda T, Homann O, Baribault H, Yamane H, Carlson T, Wiltzius J, Li Y. Identification of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide as a BACE2 Substrate. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147254. [PMID: 26840340 PMCID: PMC4739698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a hallmark pathological feature of type 2 diabetes. IAPP is stored in the secretory granules of pancreatic beta-cells and co-secreted with insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. IAPP is innocuous under homeostatic conditions but imbalances in production or processing of IAPP may result in homodimer formation leading to the rapid production of cytotoxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils. The consequence is beta-cell dysfunction and the accumulation of proteinaceous plaques in and around pancreatic islets. Beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2, BACE2, is an aspartyl protease commonly associated with BACE1, a related homolog responsible for amyloid processing in the brain and strongly implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we identify two distinct sites of the mature human IAPP sequence that are susceptible to BACE2-mediated proteolytic activity. The result of proteolysis is modulation of human IAPP fibrillation and human IAPP protein degradation. These results suggest a potential therapeutic role for BACE2 in type 2 diabetes-associated hyperamylinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid C. Rulifson
- Amgen, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ping Cao
- Amgen, Molecular Structure and Characterization, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Li Miao
- Amgen, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Kopecky
- Amgen, Medicinal Chemistry, Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Linda Huang
- Amgen, Molecular Structure and Characterization, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan D. White
- Amgen, Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kim Samayoa
- Amgen, Pathology, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jonitha Gardner
- Amgen, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaosu Wu
- Amgen, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kui Chen
- Amgen, Discovery Technologies, Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Trace Tsuruda
- Amgen, Biologics, Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Oliver Homann
- Amgen, Genome Analysis Unit, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Helene Baribault
- Amgen, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Harvey Yamane
- Amgen, Biologics, Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Tim Carlson
- Amgen, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jed Wiltzius
- Amgen, Genome Analysis Unit, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Li
- Amgen, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
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27
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Abstract
The transport of excess electrons in liquid argon driven out of equilibrium by an applied electric field is revisited using a multi-term solution of Boltzmann's equation together with ab initio liquid phase cross-sections calculated using the Dirac-Fock scattering equations. The calculation of liquid phase cross-sections extends previous treatments to consider multipole polarisabilities and a non-local treatment of exchange, while the accuracy of the electron-argon potential is validated through comparison of the calculated gas phase cross-sections with experiment. The results presented highlight the inadequacy of local treatments of exchange that are commonly used in liquid and cluster phase cross-section calculations. The multi-term Boltzmann equation framework accounting for coherent scattering enables the inclusion of the full anisotropy in the differential cross-section arising from the interaction and the structure factor, without an a priori assumption of quasi-isotropy in the velocity distribution function. The model, which contains no free parameters and accounts for both coherent scattering and liquid phase screening effects, was found to reproduce well the experimental drift velocities and characteristic energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Boyle
- College of Science, Technology & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia
| | - R P McEachran
- Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - D G Cocks
- College of Science, Technology & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia
| | - R D White
- College of Science, Technology & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia
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28
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Tattersall WJ, Cocks DG, Boyle GJ, Buckman SJ, White RD. Monte Carlo study of coherent scattering effects of low-energy charged particle transport in Percus-Yevick liquids. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:043304. [PMID: 25974609 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.043304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We generalize a simple Monte Carlo (MC) model for dilute gases to consider the transport behavior of positrons and electrons in Percus-Yevick model liquids under highly nonequilibrium conditions, accounting rigorously for coherent scattering processes. The procedure extends an existing technique [Wojcik and Tachiya, Chem. Phys. Lett. 363, 381 (2002)], using the static structure factor to account for the altered anisotropy of coherent scattering in structured material. We identify the effects of the approximation used in the original method, and we develop a modified method that does not require that approximation. We also present an enhanced MC technique that has been designed to improve the accuracy and flexibility of simulations in spatially varying electric fields. All of the results are found to be in excellent agreement with an independent multiterm Boltzmann equation solution, providing benchmarks for future transport models in liquids and structured systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Tattersall
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia
| | - D G Cocks
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia
| | - G J Boyle
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia
| | - S J Buckman
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R D White
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia
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29
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Weir-McCall JR, White RD, Gandy SJ, Ramkumar PG, Belch JJF, Struthers AD, Houston JG. 30 Whole body contrast enhanced MRA can quantify and monitor atherosclerosis progression. Heart 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307845.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Do TPT, Duque HV, Lopes MCA, Konovalov DA, White RD, Brunger MJ, Jones DB. Differential cross sections for electron-impact vibrational-excitation of tetrahydrofuran at intermediate impact energies. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:124306. [PMID: 25833578 DOI: 10.1063/1.4915888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron-impact vibrational-excitation of tetrahydrofuran, at intermediate incident electron energies (15-50 eV) and over the 10°-90° scattered electron angular range. These measurements extend the available DCS data for vibrational excitation for this species, which have previously been obtained at lower incident electron energies (≤20 eV). Where possible, our data are compared to the earlier measurements in the overlapping energy ranges. Here, quite good agreement was generally observed where the measurements overlapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P T Do
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - H V Duque
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - M C A Lopes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D A Konovalov
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - R D White
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - M J Brunger
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - D B Jones
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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31
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Cheng Y, Brown J, Judd TC, Lopez P, Qian W, Powers TS, Chen JJ, Bartberger MD, Chen K, Dunn RT, Epstein O, Fremeau RT, Harried S, Hickman D, Hitchcock SA, Luo Y, Minatti AE, Patel VF, Vargas HM, Wahl RC, Weiss MM, Wen PH, White RD, Whittington DA, Zheng XM, Wood S. An Orally Available BACE1 Inhibitor That Affords Robust CNS Aβ Reduction without Cardiovascular Liabilities. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:210-5. [PMID: 25699151 DOI: 10.1021/ml500458t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 inhibition to prevent Aβ peptide formation is considered to be a potential route to a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Previous efforts in our laboratory using a combined structure- and property-based approach have resulted in the identification of aminooxazoline xanthenes as potent BACE1 inhibitors. Herein, we report further optimization leading to the discovery of inhibitor 15 as an orally available and highly efficacious BACE1 inhibitor that robustly reduces CSF and brain Aβ levels in both rats and nonhuman primates. In addition, compound 15 exhibited low activity on the hERG ion channel and was well tolerated in an integrated cardiovascular safety model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James Brown
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ted C. Judd
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Patricia Lopez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Wenyuan Qian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Timothy S. Powers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jian Jeffrey Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael D. Bartberger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert T. Dunn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Oleg Epstein
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert T. Fremeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Scott Harried
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Dean Hickman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Stephen A. Hitchcock
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ana Elena Minatti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Vinod F. Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hugo M. Vargas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert C. Wahl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Matthew M. Weiss
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paul H. Wen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ryan D. White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas A. Whittington
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiao Mei Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Stephen Wood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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32
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Chen JJ, Liu Q, Yuan C, Gore V, Lopez P, Ma V, Amegadzie A, Qian W, Judd TC, Minatti AE, Brown J, Cheng Y, Xue M, Zhong W, Dineen TA, Epstein O, Human J, Kreiman C, Marx I, Weiss MM, Hitchcock SA, Powers TS, Chen K, Wen PH, Whittington DA, Cheng AC, Bartberger MD, Hickman D, Werner JA, Vargas HM, Everds NE, Vonderfecht SL, Dunn RT, Wood S, Fremeau RT, White RD, Patel VF. Development of 2-aminooxazoline 3-azaxanthenes as orally efficacious β-secretase inhibitors for the potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:767-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Dineen TA, Chen K, Cheng AC, Derakhchan K, Epstein O, Esmay J, Hickman D, Kreiman CE, Marx IE, Wahl RC, Wen PH, Weiss MM, Whittington DA, Wood S, Fremeau RT, White RD, Patel VF. Inhibitors of β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme (BACE1): Identification of (S)-7-(2-Fluoropyridin-3-yl)-3-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)ethynyl)-5′H-spiro[chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-5,4′-oxazol]-2′-amine (AMG-8718). J Med Chem 2014; 57:9811-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5012676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Dineen
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kui Chen
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Alan C. Cheng
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Katayoun Derakhchan
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Oleg Epstein
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Joel Esmay
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dean Hickman
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Chuck E. Kreiman
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Isaac E. Marx
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert C. Wahl
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Paul H. Wen
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew M. Weiss
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Douglas A. Whittington
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Stephen Wood
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert T. Fremeau
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ryan D. White
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Vinod F. Patel
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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34
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Epstein O, Bryan MC, Cheng AC, Derakhchan K, Dineen TA, Hickman D, Hua Z, Human JB, Kreiman C, Marx IE, Weiss MM, Wahl RC, Wen PH, Whittington DA, Wood S, Zheng XM, Fremeau RT, White RD, Patel VF. Lead optimization and modulation of hERG activity in a series of aminooxazoline xanthene β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9796-810. [PMID: 25389560 DOI: 10.1021/jm501266w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of a series of aminooxazoline xanthene inhibitors of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is described. An early lead compound showed robust Aβ lowering activity in a rat pharmacodynamic model, but advancement was precluded by a low therapeutic window to QTc prolongation in cardiovascular models consistent with in vitro activity on the hERG ion channel. While the introduction of polar groups was effective in reducing hERG binding affinity, this came at the expense of higher than desired Pgp-mediated efflux. A balance of low Pgp efflux and hERG activity was achieved by lowering the polar surface area of the P3 substituent while retaining polarity in the P2' side chain. The introduction of a fluorine in position 4 of the xanthene ring improved BACE1 potency (5-10-fold). The combination of these optimized fragments resulted in identification of compound 40, which showed robust Aβ reduction in a rat pharmacodynamic model (78% Aβ reduction in CSF at 10 mg/kg po) and also showed acceptable cardiovascular safety in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Epstein
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, and 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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35
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Shepley MM, Smith JA, Sadler BL, White RD. The business case for building better neonatal intensive care units. J Perinatol 2014; 34:811-5. [PMID: 25359412 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Shepley
- Department of Design Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J A Smith
- Smith Hager Bajo Inc., Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - B L Sadler
- Institute for Healthcare Improvement, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R D White
- Pediatrix Medical Group, Memorial Hospital, South Bend, IN, USA
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36
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White RD, Weir-McCall JR, Budak MJ, Waugh SA, Munnoch DA, Sudarshan TAP. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphography in the assessment of lower limb lymphoedema. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:e435-44. [PMID: 25064763 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lower limb lymphoedema is a debilitating condition that may occur as a primary disorder or secondary to other conditions. Satisfactory visualization of the lymphatic vessels to aid diagnosis and surgical planning has been problematic. Historically, direct lymphography was used to visualize lymphatic vessels, although the significant surgical risks involved led to this being largely abandoned as a technique. Technetium-99m lymphoscintigraphy has been the mainstay of diagnosis for over two decades, but is hampered by inherently poor temporal and spatial resolution and limited anatomical detail. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) is a relatively new technique that shows early promise in the evaluation of chronic lymphoedema. This article provides the procedural technique for lower limb MRL at both 1.5 and 3 T, discusses pathophysiology and classifications of lymphoedema, provides an overview of relevant lower limb lymphatic anatomy using MRL imaging, compares the various techniques used in the diagnosis of lower limb lymphoedema, shows common pathological MRL imaging findings, and describes alternative uses of MRL. Utilization of this technique will allow more accurate diagnosis and classification of patients suffering from lymphoedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D White
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - J R Weir-McCall
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - M J Budak
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - S A Waugh
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - D A Munnoch
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - T A P Sudarshan
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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37
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Chiari L, Duque HV, Jones DB, Thorn PA, Pettifer Z, da Silva GB, Limão-Vieira P, Duflot D, Hubin-Franskin MJ, Delwiche J, Blanco F, García G, Lopes MCA, Ratnavelu K, White RD, Brunger MJ. Differential cross sections for intermediate-energy electron scattering from α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: excitation of electronic-states. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:024301. [PMID: 25028013 DOI: 10.1063/1.4885856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on measurements of differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron impact excitation of a series of Rydberg electronic-states in α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA). The energy range of these experiments was 20-50 eV, while the scattered electron was detected in the 10°-90° angular range. There are currently no other experimental data or theoretical computations against which we can directly compare the present measured results. Nonetheless, we are able to compare our THFA DCSs with earlier cross section measurements for Rydberg-state electronic excitation for tetrahydrofuran, a similar cyclic ether, from Do et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 144302 (2011)]. In addition, "rotationally averaged" elastic DCSs, calculated using our independent atom model with screened additivity rule correction approach are also reported. Those latter results give integral cross sections consistent with the optical theorem, and supercede those from the only previous study of Milosavljević et al. [Eur. Phys. J. D 40, 107 (2006)].
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chiari
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - H V Duque
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - D B Jones
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - P A Thorn
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Z Pettifer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - G B da Silva
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - P Limão-Vieira
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - D Duflot
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, UMR CNRS 8523, Université Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - M-J Hubin-Franskin
- Départment de Chimie, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie-Bât. B6C, B-4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - J Delwiche
- Départment de Chimie, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie-Bât. B6C, B-4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - F Blanco
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - G García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC, Madrid E-28006, Spain
| | - M C A Lopes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - K Ratnavelu
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R D White
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4810 Queensland, Australia
| | - M J Brunger
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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38
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Duque HV, Chiari L, Jones DB, Pettifer Z, da Silva GB, Limão-Vieira P, Blanco F, García G, White RD, Lopes MCA, Brunger MJ. Intermediate-energy differential and integral cross sections for vibrational excitation in α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:214306. [PMID: 24908007 DOI: 10.1063/1.4879779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential and integral cross section measurements, for incident electron energies in the 20-50 eV range, are reported for excitation of several composite vibrational modes in α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA). Optimisation and frequency calculations, using GAUSSIAN 09 at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level, were also undertaken for the two most abundant conformers of THFA, with results being reported for their respective mode classifications and excitation energies. Those calculations assisted us in the experimental assignments of the composite features observed in our measured energy loss spectra. There are, to the best of our knowledge, no other experimental or theoretical data currently available in the literature against which we can compare the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Duque
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - L Chiari
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - D B Jones
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Z Pettifer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - G B da Silva
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - P Limão-Vieira
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - F Blanco
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - G García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC, Madrid E-28006, Spain
| | - R D White
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4810 Queensland, Australia
| | - M C A Lopes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - M J Brunger
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- R D White
- Pediatrix Medical Group, Newborn ICU, Memorial Hospital, South Bend, IN, USA
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40
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Szewczyk-Bieda MJ, White RD, Budak MJ, Ananthakrishnan G, Brunton JN, Sudarshan TA. A whiff of trouble: tumours of the nasal cavity and their mimics. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:519-28. [PMID: 24525221 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A range of disease entities can affect the nasal cavity, often presenting with variable and non-specific symptoms. There is considerable overlap between the clinical and radiological features of neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. The nasal cavity is often included in routine imaging of the brain, middle ear, skull base, and paranasal sinuses and should be included as a critical review area. The definitive diagnosis is in most cases confirmed by histopathological analysis. However, this review highlights the role of imaging in identifying nasal cavity disease, eliciting features of aggressive or indolent behaviour, and helping to narrow the differential diagnosis, thus facilitating a systematic approach when reviewing the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Szewczyk-Bieda
- Clinical Radiology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
| | - R D White
- Clinical Radiology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - M J Budak
- Clinical Radiology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - G Ananthakrishnan
- Clinical Radiology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; Department of Clinical Radiology, Manchester Royal Infirmary Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J N Brunton
- Clinical Radiology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - T A Sudarshan
- Clinical Radiology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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White RD, Holdaway BB, Moody JD, Chang Y. Chronic Caffeine Administration Attenuates Vascular Injury-Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia in Rats. J Caffeine Res 2013; 3:163-168. [PMID: 24761282 DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2013.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Inflammation is considered to be a major initiator to angioplasty-induced vascular restenosis. Proinflammatory cytokines stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation leading to neointimal hyperplasia. It has been reported that chronic caffeine use suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor Alpha) and alters adenosine receptor expression in human neutrophils, indicating that caffeine may attenuate vascular injury-induced inflammation and subsequent neointimal hyperplasia. Our current study was designed to test the hypothesis that chronic caffeine treatment decreases vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing VSMC migration and proliferation. Methods and Results: The experiments were carried out using both in vivo (rat carotid artery injury model) and in vitro (VSMCs isolated from rat aorta) models. Male Sprague-Dawley rats that received chronic caffeine treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg per day, through oral gavage) showed a significant decrease in neointimal hyperplasia when compared to rats that received vehicle. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we tested if caffeine inhibits fetal bovine serum (FBS)-induced VSMC migration and proliferation. We found that caffeine substantially suppressed FBS-induced VSMC migration and proliferation. The attenuation of FBS-stimulated cell migration is dose dependent. Conclusion: Together, our results suggest that chronic treatment with high concentrations of caffeine attenuates vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D White
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences , Kirksville, Missouri. ; University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Brett B Holdaway
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences , Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Joshua D Moody
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences , Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Yingzi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences , Kirksville, Missouri
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White RD, Ingram S, Moss JG, Pace N, Chakraverty S. Mortality reporting in interventional radiology: experience of a pilot audit with the Scottish Audit of Surgical Mortality. Clin Radiol 2013; 68:1065-9. [PMID: 23810694 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe the initial pilot phase of the 2009 Scottish Audit of Surgical Mortality (SASM), which includes outcomes and difficulties that arose during any interventional radiology (IR) procedure performed on patients in this audit over an 18 month period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Approximately 40 consultant interventional radiologists from all units in Scotland elected to participate in the audit. Each response was then peer reviewed after anonymisation of the patient and institution. If a relevant ACON (area for consideration or area of concern) was generated, this was checked by one of the other reviewers before communication with the original reporting radiologist and colleagues. There was then a right of reply by the reporting unit before formal documentation was sent out. RESULTS Initial results were analysed after 18 months period, during which time 95 forms relating to deaths of surgical inpatients were sent to interventional radiologists identified as having been involved in an IR procedure at some time during the patient's admission. Seventy-one forms had been returned by July 2010, of which 46 had gone through the entire SASM process. From these, 10 ACONs were attributed. Anonymised case vignettes and reports from these were used as educational tools. CONCLUSION Involvement with SASM is a useful process. Significant safety issues and learning points were identified in the pilot. The majority of ACONs identified by the audit were in patients who had undergone percutaneous biliary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D White
- Department of Radiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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Abstract
The objective of the study was to perform a literature review on the health consequences of working rotating shifts and implications for structural design. A literature search was performed in June 2012 and a selection of the most relevant peer-review articles was included in the present review. Shift workers are more likely to suffer from a circadian sleep disorder characterized by sleepiness and insomnia. Shift work is associated with decreased productivity, impaired safety, diminished quality of life and adverse effects on health. Circadian disruption resulting from rotating shift work has also been associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. This article summarizes the known health effects of shift work and discusses how light can be used as a countermeasure to minimize circadian disruption at night while maintaining alertness. In the context of the lighted environment, implications for the design of newborn intensive care units are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Figueiro
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Abstract
This is the eighth edition of the Recommended Standards for Newborn ICU Design. It contains substantive changes in recommendations for patient room size and feeding preparation areas, and a number of refinements of previous Recommended Standards with respect to family space, hand hygiene, lighting and other aspects of the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) design.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D White
- Regional Newborn Program Memorial Hospital, South Bend, IN, USA.
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Mazumder R, Choi S, Raterman B, Clymer BD, Kolipaka A, White RD. Diffusion tensor imaging of formalin fixed infarcted porcine hearts: a comparison between 3T and 1.5T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013. [PMCID: PMC3560070 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-w34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Ness KF, Robson RE, Brunger MJ, White RD. Transport coefficients and cross sections for electrons in water vapour: comparison of cross section sets using an improved Boltzmann equation solution. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:024318. [PMID: 22260590 DOI: 10.1063/1.3675921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper revisits the issues surrounding computation of electron transport properties in water vapour as a function of E/n(0) (the ratio of the applied electric field to the water vapour number density) up to 1200 Td. We solve the Boltzmann equation using an improved version of the code of Ness and Robson [Phys. Rev. A 38, 1446 (1988)], facilitating the calculation of transport coefficients to a considerably higher degree of accuracy. This allows a correspondingly more discriminating test of the various electron-water vapour cross section sets proposed by a number of authors, which has become an important issue as such sets are now being applied to study electron driven processes in atmospheric phenomena [P. Thorn, L. Campbell, and M. Brunger, PMC Physics B 2, 1 (2009)] and in modeling charged particle tracks in matter [A. Munoz, F. Blanco, G. Garcia, P. A. Thorn, M. J. Brunger, J. P. Sullivan, and S. J. Buckman, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 277, 175 (2008)].
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Ness
- ARC Centre for Antimatter-Matter Studies, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia
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Nicoletopoulos P, Robson RE, White RD. Fluid-model analysis of electron swarms in a space-varying field: nonlocality and resonance phenomena. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 85:046404. [PMID: 22680583 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.046404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The physically based, benchmarked fluid model developed by Robson et al. [R. E. Robson, R. D. White, and Z. Lj. Petrovic, Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 1303 (2005)] and extended to analyze electron swarms in a spatially homogeneous electric field under conditions corresponding to the Franck-Hertz experiment [P. Nicoletopoulos and R. E. Robson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 124502 (2008)] is generalized to investigate the nonlocal response and resonance phenomena associated with electrons subject to an externally prescribed, spatially varying electrostatic field. Analytic expressions are first derived for the mean velocity, energy, and heat flux of electrons in a harmonically varying field, and expressions are then given for fields with more general spatial dependences. Numerical examples are given for both benchmark model cross sections and a real gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nicoletopoulos
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Philippa BW, White RD, Robson RE. Analytic solution of the fractional advection-diffusion equation for the time-of-flight experiment in a finite geometry. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 84:041138. [PMID: 22181118 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.041138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A general analytic solution to the fractional advection diffusion equation is obtained in plane parallel geometry. The result is an infinite series of spatial Fourier modes which decay according to the Mittag-Leffler function, which is cast into a simple closed-form expression in Laplace space using the Poisson summation theorem. An analytic expression for the current measured in a time-of-flight experiment is derived, and the sum of the slopes of the two respective time regimes on logarithmic axes is demonstrated to be -2, in agreement with the well-known result for a continuous time random-walk model. The sensitivity of current and particle number density to the variation of experimentally controlled parameters is investigated in general, and the results applied to analyze selected experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Philippa
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
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White RD, Robson RE. Multiterm solution of a generalized Boltzmann kinetic equation for electron and positron transport in structured and soft condensed matter. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 84:031125. [PMID: 22060346 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.031125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we generalize the semiclassical Boltzmann kinetic equation for dilute gases to consider highly nonequilibrium electrons and positrons in soft condensed matter, accounting rigorously for all types of interactions, including positronium formation, and allowing for both coherent and incoherent scattering processes. The limitations inherent in the seminal paper of Cohen and Lekner [M. H. Cohen and J. Lekner, Phys. Rev. 158, 305 (1967); Y. Sakai, J. Phys. D 40, R441 (2007)] are avoided by solving the kinetic equation using a "multiterm" spherical harmonic representation of the velocity distribution function, as well as formulating a necessarily nonperturbative treatment of nonconservative collisional processes such as positronium formation. Numerical calculations of transport properties are carried out for a Percus-Yevick model of a hard-sphere system, and for positrons in liquid argon. New phenomena are predicted, including structure-induced negative conductivity and anisotropic diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D White
- ARC Centre for Antimatter-Matter Studies, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia.
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