Bilateral endoscopic inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy using simultaneous carbon dioxide insufflation: an initial report of a novel approach

Inguinal lymphadenectomy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of several neoplastic diseases. Frequently, bilateral lymphadenectomy is undertaken for staging and/or treatment of genitourinary cancers. Our objective was to determine if bilateral endoscopic lymphadenectomy could be performed simultaneously, in an effort to decrease overall anesthetic and operative time. This was accomplished by utilizing two carbon dioxide insufflators concurrently. This approach requires careful positioning of the patient, surgical team, and instrumentation, as well as special anesthetic considerations necessary to avoid severe hypercarbia. Simultaneous bilateral endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy is a technically feasible and efficient surgical approach.

Electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy of iron-binding fragments of hen ovotransferrins

1. It is confirmed that there are two e.p.r. (electron-paramagnetic-resonance) signals associated with fully loaded ovotransferrin, which has two iron-binding sites. 2. Through experiments in which either of the two sites of whole ovotransferrin is occupied, the other being empty, the first occupied site is shown to belong to the N-terminal region of the protein; the second occupied site is in the C-terminal region. 3. When the protein is cleaved with trypsin or subtilisin, the N-terminal fragments are spectroscopically similar to the monoferric ovotransferrin complexes in which the iron atom occupies the N-terminal or C-terminal site respectively. Each fragment displays the same two e.p.r. signals, though not in the same proportions. 4. Computer summations of the e.p.r. spectra confirm that there is no iron-iron interaction which affects the spin Hamiltonian parameters at the iron-binding sites.