1
|
Lindh L, Lindeberg H, Banting A, Banting S, Sainmaa S, Beasley S, Korhonen HT, Peltoniemi OAT. Administration of aromatase inhibitor MPV-2213ad to blue fox vixens (Vulpes lagopus) as a model for contraception in female dogs. Theriogenology 2020; 152:53-63. [PMID: 32380275 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The interest in non-surgical approaches to contraception and fertility control in female dogs has increased in recent years. In this study the effect of an aromatase inhibitor (finrozole) was evaluated in fur production animals, farmed blue fox vixens, as a model for contraception in bitches. A total of 80 vixens were divided into 4 groups, receiving orally placebo (A) or finrozole 0.5 mg/kg (B), 3.5 mg/kg (C) or 24.5 mg/kg (D) for 21 consecutive days beginning in the pre-ovulatory period of heat. Monitoring of the vixens included clinical signs of heat, measurement of vaginal electrical resistance (VER) as well as oestradiol and progesterone concentrations in plasma. The approximate relation of the start of treatment to ovulation varied from 11 days before to one day after ovulation provided that the LH peak occurred 0.5-2 days before the VER peak and ovulation was then estimated to occur 2 days after the LH peak. Seventy vixens were artificially inseminated within 8 h after a 50 Ω decline in vaginal electrical resistance was detected. Ten vixens were not inseminated. Pregnancy was confirmed by transabdominal ultrasound examination and birth of cubs was recorded. The pregnancy rates in the groups were 89.5% (A), 81.3% (B), 55.6% (C) and 52.9% (D). The average number of live born pups in the four groups was 9.4 (A), 7.0 (B), 5.8 (C), and 3.8 (D), respectively. No deleterious effects (for instance malformations) of finrozole on pups could be verified. The administration of finrozole did not have a significant effect on oestradiol parameters and VER values in vixens. Progesterone values were significantly higher in treatment groups compared with the placebo group. The results indicate that pregnancy could be avoided by finrozole provided that doses of ≥3.5 mg/kg were used and the treatment was initiated at least four days before the day of artificial insemination. This corresponds with two to six days before ovulation provided that the LH peak occurred 0.5-2 days before the VER peak and that ovulation then occurred in average 2 days after the LH peak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lindh
- University of Helsinki, Department of Production Animal Medicine, FIN-04920, Saarentaus, Finland.
| | - H Lindeberg
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Production Systems, Halolantie 31 A, FIN-71750, Maaninka, Finland.
| | - A Banting
- La Bergerie, 37230, ST Etienne de Chigny, France
| | - S Banting
- La Bergerie, 37230, ST Etienne de Chigny, France
| | - S Sainmaa
- Korkeasaari Zoo, Mustikkamaanpolku 12, FIN-00570, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Beasley
- Vetcare Oy, Liedontie 45, FIN-04600 Mäntsälä, Finland
| | - H T Korhonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Production Systems, Teknologiakatu 7, FIN-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - O A T Peltoniemi
- University of Helsinki, Department of Production Animal Medicine, FIN-04920, Saarentaus, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meiring A, Schneider I, Beasley S, Woods E. Scalable Production of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Novel Bioreactor Using a Xenogenic Free Culture System. Cytotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- M. Al-Shabrawey
- Oral Biology- Culver Vision Discovery Institute and Ophthalmology; Georgia Regents University; Augusta United States
| | - A. Ibrahim
- Oral Biology- Culver Vision Discovery Institute and Ophthalmology; Georgia Regents University; Augusta United States
| | - S. Beasley
- Oral Biology- Culver Vision Discovery Institute and Ophthalmology; Georgia Regents University; Augusta United States
| | - F. Wang
- Oral Biology- Culver Vision Discovery Institute and Ophthalmology; Georgia Regents University; Augusta United States
| | - A. Tawfik
- Oral Biology- Culver Vision Discovery Institute and Ophthalmology; Georgia Regents University; Augusta United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee F, Zhang L, Beasley S, Marrinucci D, Lackner M, Jia S. Characterization and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu326.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
5
|
Grześkowiak Ł, Collado MC, Beasley S, Salminen S. Pathogen exclusion properties of canine probiotics are influenced by the growth media and physical treatments simulating industrial processes. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1308-14. [PMID: 24779583 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Manufacturing process used in preparation of probiotic products may alter beneficial properties of probiotics. The effect of different growth media and inactivation methods on the protective properties of canine-originated probiotic bacteria against adhesion of canine enteropathogens was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Three established dog probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum VET9A, Lactobacillus plantarum VET14A and Lactobacillus rhamnosus VET16A, and their mixture were assessed using the dog mucus pathogen exclusion model. The pathogens used were Enterococcus canis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens. The effect of growth media, one reflecting laboratory and the other manufacture conditions, and viability (viable and heat inactivated, 80°C per 30 min) on the pathogen exclusion properties of probiotics were characterized. Greater pathogen exclusion percentages were noted for probiotics growing in conditions reflecting manufacture when compared to laboratory (P < 0·05). Inactivation of probiotics by heat (80°C per 30 min) increased pathogen exclusion compared with their viable forms (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Manufacturing process conditions such as growth media, incubation temperature and pretreatment methods may significantly affect the protective properties of the tested strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Growing conditions and pretreatment methods should be carefully considered when designing new probiotics to reduce the risk of common infections in dogs. The studied probiotics are promising potential feed additives for dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ł Grześkowiak
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ching K, Beasley S. Image-guided drainage of postoperative collections following hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a review of clinical outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
7
|
Grześkowiak Ł, Endo A, Collado MC, Pelliniemi LJ, Beasley S, Salminen S. The effect of growth media and physical treatments on the adhesion properties of canine probiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:539-45. [PMID: 23617818 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The manufacturing processes have been reported to influence the properties of probiotics with potential impact on health properties. The aim was to investigate the effect of different growth media and inactivation methods on the properties of canine-originated probiotic bacteria alone and in combination mixture. METHODS AND RESULTS Three established dog probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum VET9A, Lactobacillus plantarum VET14A and Lactobacillus rhamnosus VET16A, and their combination mixture were evaluated for their adhesion to dog mucus. The effect of different growth media, one reflecting laboratory and the other manufacturing conditions, and inactivation methods (95°C, 80°C and UV irradiation) on the mucus adhesion of the probiotic strains was characterized. Evaluation of dog probiotics was supported by cell visualization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Higher adhesion percentage was reported for probiotic strains growing in laboratory rather than in manufacturing conditions (P < 0.05). Inactivation by heat (95°C, 80°C) decreased the adhesion properties when strains were cultivated in soy-based growth media compared with those grown in MRS broth (P < 0.05). TEM observations uncovered differences in cell-surface components in nonviable forms of probiotic strains as compared with their viable forms. CONCLUSIONS Manufacturing process conditions such as growth media and pretreatment methods may significantly affect the adhesive ability of the tested strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Growth conditions, growth media, pretreatment methods and different probiotic combinations should be carefully considered for quality control of existing probiotics and for identification of new probiotics for dogs. These may also have an impact on health benefits for the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ł Grześkowiak
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee A, Anderson AR, Stevens M, Beasley S, Barnett NL, Pow DV. Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 is widely expressed in peripheral tissues. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e11. [PMID: 23549460 PMCID: PMC3683608 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is routinely stated in the literature that Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 5 (EAAT5) is a retina-specific glutamate transporter. EAAT5 is expressed by retinal photoreceptors and bipolar cells, where it serves as a slow transporter and as an inhibitory glutamate receptor, the latter role is due to the gating of a large chloride conductance. The dogma of an exclusively retinal distribution has arisen because Northern blot analyses have previously shown only modest hybridisation in non-retinal tissues. Others have re-interpreted this as indicating that EAAT5 was only present in retinal tissues. However, this view appears to be erroneous; recent evidence demonstrating abundant expression of EAAT5 in rat testis prompted us to re-examine this dogma. A new antibody was developed to an intracellular loop region of rat EAAT5. This new tool, in concert with RT-PCR and sequencing, demonstrated that EAAT5 is widely distributed at the mRNA and protein levels in many non-nervous tissues including liver, kidney, intestine, heart, lung, and skeletal muscle. We conclude that EAAT5 is a widely distributed protein. Whether it functions in all locations as a glutamate transporter, or mainly as a glutamate-gated chloride conductance, remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lee
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beasley S, Hutson J. Einfluß des Nervus genitofemoralis auf den Hodendeszensus. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1061178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Skinner AM, Hamill J, Samarakkody U, Kim E, Bowkett B, Beasley S. PS15 PAEDIATRIC GUN SHOT INJURIES IN NEW ZEALAND: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF AN AVOIDABLE CAUSE OF SIGNIFICANT CHILDHOOD MORBIDITY. ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04125_15.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Yu T, Morreau P, Beasley S, Brown S, Samarakkody U, Mandhan P. PS06 LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF BILIARY ATRESIA IN NEW ZEALAND. ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04125_6.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
AIMS To describe the epidemiology of intussusception and its relation to rotavirus associated hospitalisation in New Zealand. METHODS National hospital discharge data between January 1998 and June 2003 for all children younger than 3 years of age with intussusception were reviewed. Independently, children from the same age group, admitted to eight paediatric units with rotavirus gastroenteritis between May 1998 and May 2000, were identified prospectively. Epidemiological characteristics of cases with intussusception were compared with those of hospitalised rotavirus disease. RESULTS During the 5.5 year study period, there were 277 cases of intussusception and no deaths. Most (72%) occurred in the first year of life (age adjusted incident rate 65 per 100,000 child-years, 95% CI 56 to 74). Risk of intussusception was less in females (risk ratio 0.58; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.78) and for Maori (risk ratio 0.52; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.77) when compared with European infants. In contrast to hospitalised rotavirus cases, intussusception peaked at a younger age and lacked seasonality. CONCLUSIONS This study provides national baseline data on intussusception for future rotavirus vaccine programmes in New Zealand. Wild-type rotaviruses do not appear to have a major role in triggering intussusception. Prospective surveillance systems, using standardised case definitions and nested case-control methodology, are needed to further our understanding of the aetiology and epidemiology of intussusception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y E Chen
- Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mirtsching B, Cichon J, Beasley S, Teel C, Jackson D, Headlee C. Cetuximab in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of efficacy and response by patient and disease variables. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Mirtsching
- Ctr for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| | - J. Cichon
- Ctr for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| | - S. Beasley
- Ctr for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| | - C. Teel
- Ctr for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| | - D. Jackson
- Ctr for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| | - C. Headlee
- Ctr for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mirtsching B, Headlee C, Beasley S, Teel C, Jackson D. Cetuximab single-agent activity in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: Single-center experience. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Mirtsching
- Center for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| | - C. Headlee
- Center for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| | - S. Beasley
- Center for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| | - C. Teel
- Center for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| | - D. Jackson
- Center for Oncology Research & Treatment, PA, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Headlee C, Beasley S, Jackson D, Teel C, Mirtsching BC. Evaluation of oxaliplatin, 5-FU and leucovorin maintenance treatment in refractory metastatic colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Headlee
- Center for Oncology Research & Treatment, Dallas, TX
| | - S. Beasley
- Center for Oncology Research & Treatment, Dallas, TX
| | - D. Jackson
- Center for Oncology Research & Treatment, Dallas, TX
| | - C. Teel
- Center for Oncology Research & Treatment, Dallas, TX
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis strain (LL3) isolated from mothers' milk was used to produce fermented soymilk. The strain survived at levels of over 7 log cfu/ml for 3 weeks in the fermented soymilk. A consumer survey was carried out to compare the acceptability of the fermented product with a similar product made with L. lactis ATCC11545 originally isolated from cow's milk. Blind samples produced by fermentation with the two strains were rated equally attractive, whereas information on the origin of the strains significantly enhanced the pleasantness of the fermented soymilk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Beasley
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9 (Biocenter 1), PO Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Korolev S, Skarina T, Evdokimova E, Beasley S, Edwards A, Joachimiak A, Savchenko A. Crystal structure of glutamine amidotransferase from Thermotoga maritima. Proteins 2002; 49:420-2. [PMID: 12360532 PMCID: PMC2778234 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Korolev
- Biosciences Division and Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - T. Skarina
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5GIL7, Canada
| | - E. Evdokimova
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5GIL7, Canada
| | - S. Beasley
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5GIL7, Canada
| | - A. Edwards
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5GIL7, Canada
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Toronto, Ontario M5GIL6, Canada
- Correspondence to: A. Joachimiak, Biosciences Division and Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Building 202, Argonne, IL 60439. or A. Edwards, Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - A. Joachimiak
- Biosciences Division and Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
- Correspondence to: A. Joachimiak, Biosciences Division and Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Building 202, Argonne, IL 60439. or A. Edwards, Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - A. Savchenko
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5GIL7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim Y, Skarina T, Beasley S, Laskowski R, Arrowsmith C, Joachimiak A, Edwards A, Savchenko A. Crystal structure of Escherichia coli EC1530, a glyoxylate induced protein YgbM. Proteins 2002; 48:427-30. [PMID: 12112708 PMCID: PMC2792029 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kim
- Biosciences Division, Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - T. Skarina
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Beasley
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Laskowski
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom
| | - C. Arrowsmith
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Joachimiak
- Biosciences Division, Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
- Correspondence to: Dr. Andrzej Joachimiak, Biosciences Division, Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439.
| | - A. Edwards
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence to: Dr. Andrzej Joachimiak, Biosciences Division, Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439.
| | - A. Savchenko
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beasley S, MacMillan S. Reaffirming professionalism in medicine--yet again. N Z Med J 2001; 114:504. [PMID: 11797882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
|
20
|
Zhang RG, Skarina T, Katz J, Beasley S, Khachatryan A, Vyas S, Arrowsmith C, Clarke S, Edwards A, Joachimiak A, Savchenko A. Structure of Thermotoga maritima stationary phase survival protein SurE: a novel acid phosphatase. Structure 2001; 9:1095-106. [PMID: 11709173 PMCID: PMC2792002 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(01)00675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rpoS, nlpD, pcm, and surE genes are among many whose expression is induced during the stationary phase of bacterial growth. rpoS codes for the stationary-phase RNA polymerase sigma subunit, and nlpD codes for a lipoprotein. The pcm gene product repairs damaged proteins by converting the atypical isoaspartyl residues back to L-aspartyls. The physiological and biochemical functions of surE are unknown, but its importance in stress is supported by the duplication of the surE gene in E. coli subjected to high-temperature growth. The pcm and surE genes are highly conserved in bacteria, archaea, and plants. RESULTS The structure of SurE from Thermotoga maritima was determined at 2.0 A. The SurE monomer is composed of two domains; a conserved N-terminal domain, a Rossman fold, and a C-terminal oligomerization domain, a new fold. Monomers form a dimer that assembles into a tetramer. Biochemical analysis suggests that SurE is an acid phosphatase, with an optimum pH of 5.5-6.2. The active site was identified in the N-terminal domain through analysis of conserved residues. Structure-based site-directed point mutations abolished phosphatase activity. T. maritima SurE intra- and intersubunit salt bridges were identified that may explain the SurE thermostability. CONCLUSIONS The structure of SurE provided information about the protein's fold, oligomeric state, and active site. The protein possessed magnesium-dependent acid phosphatase activity, but the physiologically relevant substrate(s) remains to be identified. The importance of three of the assigned active site residues in catalysis was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.-G. Zhang
- Biosciences Division and Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Building 202, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - T. Skarina
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 112 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - J.E. Katz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90024
| | - S. Beasley
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 112 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - A. Khachatryan
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 112 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - S. Vyas
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 112 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - C.H. Arrowsmith
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 112 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - S. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90024
- Correspondence: (A.J.), (A.E.), (S.C.)
| | - A. Edwards
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 112 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
- Clinical Genomics Centre/Proteomics, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.J.), (A.E.), (S.C.)
| | - A. Joachimiak
- Biosciences Division and Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Building 202, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Correspondence: (A.J.), (A.E.), (S.C.)
| | - A. Savchenko
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 112 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reid R, Kulkarni M, Beasley S. The potential for improvement in outcome of children with intussusception in the South Island. N Z Med J 2001; 114:441-3. [PMID: 11700769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To review the experience in the South Island to predict the extent to which the outcome in intussusception might be expected to improve by the introduction of management guidelines and access to a regional specialist paediatric surgical service. METHODS Children with intussusception treated in the South Island during an eleven year period until 1998 were identified from hospital coding systems, the Southern RegionalHealth Authority and from departmental audit programmes. Details of management and outcome were analysed. RESULTS Data proved difficult to obtain. There were 83 children identified with intussusception confirmed on enema or at surgery; 76 had an enema that was successful in 44. Delayed repeat enema and gas enema techniques were not used as frequently as might be expected. The operative rate was higher than that reported by other centres. CONCLUSIONS Current data, coding and audit systems have significant short comings, which limit availability of reliable outcome data. Increased awareness of the expanded indications for enema reduction, use of air (rather than barium) and delayed repeat enemas, and access to specialist paediatric surgical involvement appears to increase the nonoperative rate. Implementation of guidelines for the management of intussusception might be expected to reduce by more than half the number of children undergoing surgery for this condition in the South Island.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Reid
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The indications for postoperative ventilation and paralysis with neck flexion after repair of oesophageal atresia (OA) have been controversial, mainly because of a paucity of information on oesophageal compliance and the influence of posture on anastomotic tension. This study using a pig model demonstrates that 78.8% of oesophageal lengthening occurs between full flexion and the neutral position, contributing to an increase in oesophageal length of about 9%. Compliance of the oesophagus is a linear function of the natural log of the tension applied. These data imply that any postural change (e.g., head and neck flexion) that allows the oesophagus to shorten may produce an exponential reduction in the tension and suggest that the manoeuvre may be appropriate in long-gap OA where there is considerable tension across the oesophageal anastomosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Lyall
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Private Bag 4710, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The normal process of division of the cloaca into a rectum and urogenital tract is still not fully understood. The main controversies relate to how the urorectal septum (URS) divides the cloaca and whether the URS fuses with the cloacal membrane. This study used a 3-dimensional reconstruction technique, combined with histologic correlation, to observe the developmental and septational processes of the cloaca of the normal rat embryo from gestational days 11 to 16. METHODS Normal rat embryos from gestational days 11 to 16 were sectioned serially both transversely and sagittally and stained with H&E. 3-dimensional reconstructions were performed on embryos younger than day 13.5. The relevant structures were examined in a temporo-spatial sequence. RESULTS The tailgut started to regress by apoptosis on day 12 in a cranio-caudal direction. The URS, first evident in day-12.5 embryos, extended and fused with the cloacal membrane on day 15 of gestation, completing the separation of the cloaca into rectum and bladder. Regression of the tailgut and ventral protrusion of the urogenital sinus markedly changed the configuration of the cloaca. The cloacal membrane did not break down until after it had fused with the URS. CONCLUSIONS These findings clarify the relative contributions made by active septation of the cloaca by the URS and configurational changes of the cloaca to produce a rectum and bladder. The URS fuses with the cloacal membrane before the anal and urogenital membranes break down.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Q Qi
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery and General Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The twin incidence is higher in infants with oesophageal atresia (OA) than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to review the twin OA information from five institutions and evaluate possible links between the development of OA and the twinning process. Data were compared, combined, and analysed. There was a total of 1,215 infants with OA, of whom 50 were from a twin pregnancy and 1 from a triplet pregnancy. Two sets of twins were concordant for OA. Mean birth weights and gestational ages were lower in the twin infants (P < 0.0005) and survival was lower in twins (65%, P < 0.005) than singletons. The anatomical variant of pure OA without fistula was seen in proportionally fewer twins (4%) than in singletons (7%). Multiple anomalies were present in 40% of twins compared with 33% of singletons, although this did not reach statistical significance. OA in our multicentre population was more common in twins. Several possible mechanisms are put forward to explain the apparent link between twinning and OA. Further analysis of this aspect of OA may aid in understanding the aetiology of this congenital anomaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Orford
- Department of General Paediatric Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beasley S. Deliberate self harm in medium security. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 1999; 6:29-33. [PMID: 10818914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
|
26
|
Kimber C, Beasley S. Limitations of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in facilitating enteral nutrition in children: review of the shortcomings of a new technique. J Paediatr Child Health 1999; 35:427-31. [PMID: 10571751 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1754.1999.355418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) insertion became the preferred technique for facilitating enteral nutrition in children unable to take adequate caloric intake orally once its advantages over the standard Stamm gastrostomy became apparent. It has taken longer for some of its limitations and shortcomings to be recognized. Problems encountered during PEG insertion include: inability to enter the stomach with the trocar, oesophageal laceration, colonic perforation, gastro-colo-cutaneous fistula, peritonitis, subcutaneous emphysema, external migration of inner flange, wound infection, peristomal excoriation, symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux requiring later fundoplication, intestinal obstruction and haemorrhage. Many of these complications can be avoided by attention to technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kimber
- Department of Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Beasley S, Hutson J. Interstitial hernia: a report of four cases in infants. Br J Surg 1991; 78:1274-5. [PMID: 1683596 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800781045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Abstract
We report on 3 patients with a midline sinus extending from the skin overlying the pubis to the anterior wall of the bladder. Two sinuses were lined by transitional epithelium. The sinuses were surrounded by bundles of smooth muscle and lacked any inflammatory reaction, which suggests a developmental origin. Possible etiological causes for this unusual congenital anomaly are discussed. We conclude that these sinuses may represent a variant of epispadiac duplication of the urethra.
Collapse
|