Electronegative LDL induces priming and inflammasome activation leading to IL-1β release in human monocytes and macrophages.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015;
1851:1442-9. [PMID:
26327597 DOI:
10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.08.009]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Electronegative LDL (LDL(−)), a modified LDL fraction found in blood, induces the release of inflammatory mediators in endothelial cells and leukocytes. However, the inflammatory pathways activated by LDL(−) have not been fully defined. We aim to study whether LDL(−) induced release of the first-wave proinflammatory IL-1β in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and the mechanisms involved.
METHODS
LDL(−) was isolated from total LDL by anion exchange chromatography. Monocytes and MDM were isolated from healthy donors and stimulated with LDL(+) and LDL(−) (100 mg apoB/L).
RESULTS
In monocytes, LDL(−) promoted IL-1β release in a time-dependent manner, obtaining at 20 h-incubation the double of IL-1β release induced by LDL(−) than by native LDL. LDL(−)-induced IL-1β release involved activation of the CD14-TLR4 receptor complex. LDL(−) induced priming, the first step of IL-1β release, since it increased the transcription of pro-IL-1β (8-fold) and NLRP3 (3-fold) compared to native LDL. Several findings show that LDL(−) induced inflammasome activation, the second step necessary for IL-1β release. Preincubation of monocytes with K+ channel inhibitors decreased LDL(−)-induced IL-1β release. LDL(−) induced formation of the NLRP3-ASC complex. LDL(−) triggered 2-fold caspase-1 activation compared to native LDL and IL-1β release was strongly diminished in the presence of the caspase-1 inhibitor Z-YVAD. In MDM, LDL(−) promoted IL-1β release, which was also associated with caspase-1 activation.
CONCLUSIONS
LDL(−) promotes release of biologically active IL-1β in monocytes and MDM by induction of the two steps involved: priming and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
SIGNIFICANCE
By IL-1β release, LDL(−) could regulate inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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