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Trost F, Hahn S, Müller Y, Gasilov S, Hofmann R, Baumbach T. Fresnel diffractograms from pure-phase wave fields under perfect spatio-temporal coherence: Non-linear/non-local aspects and far-field behavior. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17706. [PMID: 29255187 PMCID: PMC5735127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the diffractogram, that is, the Fourier transform of the intensity contrast induced by Fresnel free-space propagation of a given (exit) wave field, was investigated non-perturbatively in the phase-scaling factor S (controlling the strength of phase variation) for the special case of a Gaussian phase of width [Formula: see text]. Surprisingly, an additional low-frequency zero σ* = σ*(S, F) >0 emerges critically at small Fresnel number F (σ proportional to square of 2D spatial frequency). Here, we study the S-scaling behavior of the entire diffractogram. We identify a valley of maximum S-scaling linearity in the F - σ plane corresponding to a nearly universal physical frequency ξml = (0:143 ± 0.001)w -1/2. Large values of F (near field) are shown to imply S-scaling linearity for low σ but nowhere else (overdamped non-oscillatory). In contrast, small F values (far field) entail distinct, sizable s-bands of good S-scaling linearity (damped oscillatory). These bands also occur in simulated diffractograms induced by a complex phase map (Lena). The transition from damped oscillatory to overdamped non-oscillatory diffractograms is shown to be a critical phenomenon for the Gaussian case. We also give evidence for the occurrence of this transition in an X-ray imaging experiment. Finally, we show that the extreme far-field limit generates a σ-universal diffractogram under certain requirements on the phase map: information on phase shape then is solely encoded in S-scaling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trost
- Laboratorium für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Hahn
- Laboratorium für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Müller
- Laboratorium für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Gasilov
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1,, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - R Hofmann
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1,, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - T Baumbach
- Laboratorium für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1,, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Gasilov S, Mittone A, Dos Santos Rolo T, Polyakov S, Zholudev S, Terentyev S, Blank V, Bravin A, Baumbach T. Refraction and ultra-small-angle scattering of X-rays in a single-crystal diamond compound refractive lens. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:1137-1145. [PMID: 29091056 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517012772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work a double-crystal setup is employed to study compound refractive lenses made of single-crystal diamond. The point spread function of the lens is calculated taking into account the lens transmission, the wavefront aberrations, and the ultra-small-angle broadening of the X-ray beam. It is shown that, similarly to the wavefront aberrations, the ultra-small-angle scattering effects can significantly reduce the intensity gain and increase the focal spot size. The suggested approach can be particularly useful for the characterization of refractive X-ray lenses composed of many tens of unit lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gasilov
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein, Germany
| | - A Mittone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - T Dos Santos Rolo
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein, Germany
| | - S Polyakov
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - S Zholudev
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - S Terentyev
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - V Blank
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - A Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - T Baumbach
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein, Germany
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Gasilov S, Mittone A, Horng A, Geith T, Bravin A, Baumbach T, Coan P. Hard X-ray index of refraction tomography of a whole rabbit knee joint: A feasibility study. Phys Med 2016; 32:1785-1789. [PMID: 27793538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report results of the computed tomography reconstruction of the index of refraction in a whole rabbit knee joint examined at the photon energy of 51keV. Refraction based images make it possible to delineate the bone, cartilage, and soft tissues without adjusting the contrast window width and level. Density variations, which are related to tissue composition and are not visible in absorption X-ray images, are detected in the obtained refraction based images. We discuss why refraction-based images provide better detectability of low contrast features than absorption images.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gasilov
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Eggenstein 76344, Germany; Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - A Mittone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble 38043, France; Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - A Horng
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - T Geith
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - A Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - T Baumbach
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Eggenstein 76344, Germany; Laboratory for Application of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Eggenstein 76344, Germany
| | - P Coan
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany; Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University, Garching 85748, Germany
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Abstract
X-ray refraction-based computer tomography imaging is a well-established method for nondestructive investigations of various objects. In order to perform the 3D reconstruction of the index of refraction, two or more raw computed tomography phase-contrast images are usually acquired and combined to retrieve the refraction map (i.e. differential phase) signal within the sample. We suggest an approximate method to extract the refraction signal, which uses a single raw phase-contrast image. This method, here applied to analyzer-based phase-contrast imaging, is employed to retrieve the index of refraction map of a biological sample. The achieved accuracy in distinguishing the different tissues is comparable with the non-approximated approach. The suggested procedure can be used for precise refraction computer tomography with the advantage of a reduction of at least a factor of two of both the acquisition time and the dose delivered to the sample with respect to any of the other algorithms in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mittone
- Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University, 85748 Garching, Germany. Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich 81377, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble 38043, France
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Baldacci F, Mittone A, Bravin A, Coan P, Delaire F, Ferrero C, Gasilov S, Létang J, Sarrut D, Smekens F, Freud N. A track length estimator method for dose calculations in low-energy X-ray irradiations: implementation, properties and performance. Z Med Phys 2015; 25:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brun E, Grandl S, Sztrókay-Gaul A, Barbone G, Mittone A, Gasilov S, Bravin A, Coan P. Breast tumor segmentation in high resolution x-ray phase contrast analyzer based computed tomography. Med Phys 2014; 41:111902. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4896124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Horng A, Brun E, Mittone A, Gasilov S, Weber L, Geith T, Adam-Neumair S, Bravin A, Reiser M, Coan P. Phasenkontrast-CT als neue Röntgentechnik zur Darstellung von Knorpel und Weichgewebe des Kniegelenkes im Vergleich zu konventionellen klinischen Techniken. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Calegari F, Vozzi C, Gasilov S, Benedetti E, Sansone G, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Rotational Raman effects in the wake of optical filamentation. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:123006. [PMID: 18517863 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal effects generated in the wake of a laser filament propagating in nitrogen are investigated. At suitable time delays, a probe light pulse propagating along the wake experiences a strong spatial confinement and a noticeable spectral broadening at the same time. Numerical simulations, well reproducing the experimental findings, show the key role of the impulsive rotational Raman response in the observed phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, I-20133, Italy.
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Vozzi C, Calegari F, Benedetti E, Gasilov S, Sansone G, Cerullo G, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Millijoule-level phase-stabilized few-optical-cycle infrared parametric source. Opt Lett 2007; 32:2957-2959. [PMID: 17938665 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrabroadband self-phase-stabilized near-IR pulses have been generated by difference-frequency generation of a filament broadened supercontinuum followed by two-stage optical parametric amplification. Pulses with energy up to 1.2 mJ and duration down to 17 fs are demonstrated. These characteristics make such a source suited as a driver for high-order harmonic generation and isolated attosecond pulse production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vozzi
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR-INFM, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Calegari F, Valentini G, Vozzi C, Benedetti E, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Faenov A, Gasilov S, Pikuz T, Poletto L, Sansone G, Villoresi P, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Elemental sensitivity in soft x-ray imaging with a laser-plasma source and a color center detector. Opt Lett 2007; 32:2593-5. [PMID: 17767316 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sensitivity in soft x-ray imaging of thin foils with known thickness is observed using an ultrafast laser-plasma source and a LiF crystal as detector. Measurements are well reproduced by a simple theoretical model. This technique can be exploited for high spatial resolution, wide field of view imaging in the soft x-ray region, and it is suitable for the characterization of thin objects with thicknesses ranging from hundreds down to tens of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR-INFM, Politecnico, Milan, Italy
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