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Hanif S, Khanum I, Shariq S, Fareed A, Hafeez A, Fatima M, Azhar M, Nasir N. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in a tertiary-care centre in Pakistan. J Hosp Infect 2024; 154:140-141. [PMID: 39369993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
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Taha M, Hanif S, Dickson G, Todd J, Fyfe D, MacBride-Stewart S, Hassett R, Marshall AD, Heath CA. Utilisation of specialist epilepsy services and antiseizure medication adherence rates in a cohort of people with epilepsy (PWE) accessing emergency care. Seizure 2024; 115:59-61. [PMID: 38184899 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An epilepsy-related attendance at A&E is associated an increased risk of subsequent death within 6 months. Although further work is required to provide a definitive explanation to account for these findings, in the interim it would seem reasonable that services are designed to ensure timely access and provide support at a time of greatest risk. We aim to determine the frequency of patients accessing specialist neurology services following an epilepsy-related admission/unscheduled care episode and consider ASM adherence at the point of attendance. METHODS Patients were identified retrospectively via the NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde live integrated epilepsy Dashboard following an unscheduled epilepsy-related admission or A&E attendance between 1st January 2022 and 30th June 2022. We calculated adherence to anti-seizure medication for a period of 6 months prior to admission and defined poor medication adherence as a medication possession ratio of less than 80 %. We evaluated the rate of any outpatient neurology clinic attendance in the subsequent 3, 6 and 12 months following an epilepsy-related unscheduled care episode. Additional clinical information was identified via the electronic patient records. RESULTS Between 1st Jan 2022 and 30th June 2022, there were 266 emergency care seizure-related attendances. The mean age at attendance was 46 years (range: 16-91). Most of PWE were males (63 %) and 37 % were females. Epilepsy classification-29.3 % had GGE, 41.7% had focal epilepsy, and in 29 % of cases the epilepsy was unclassified. Of the admissions, 107/ 266 (40.2 %) generated follow-up within 6 months of attendance. Poor medication adherence was noted in 54/266 (20.3 %). 28.2 % of cases had input from on-call neurology service during admission/ED attendance, and of those 60 % had ASM adjusted. 18 % of attendances had a background diagnosis of learning disability. One-third of attendances of PWE had a history of mental health disorder 35 % (93/266). 25 % of ED attendances noted an active history of alcohol consumption misuse or/and recreational drug use. 14 (5.5 %) of PWE died during the period of interest (12 months following the last ED visit). In 6/14 (42.3 %) death was associated with poor medication adherence. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that a significant proportion of patients who experienced seizure-related admissions/ attendance did not access specialist neurology services in a timely manner. In addition, poor medication adherence remains a problem for a substantial number of people living with epilepsy. Early access to specialist services may go some way to improving care and reducing excessive mortality in PWE by allowing anti-seizure medication to be titrated and poor medication adherence to be addressed in those at greatest risk.
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Argiriadis E, Bortolini M, Kehrwald NM, Roman M, Turetta C, Hanif S, Erhenhi EO, Aliaga JMR, McWethy DB, Myrbo AE, Pauchard A, Barbante C, Battistel D. Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Rano Raraku crater lake basin: Geochemical characterization and implications for the Ahu-Moai Period. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254793. [PMID: 34644295 PMCID: PMC8513918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rano Raraku, the crater lake constrained by basaltic tuff that served as the primary quarry used to construct the moai statues on Rapa Nui (Easter Island), has experienced fluctuations in lake level over the past centuries. As one of the only freshwater sources on the island, understanding the present and past geochemical characteristics of the lake water is critical to understand if the lake could have been a viable freshwater source for Rapa Nui. At the time of sampling in September 2017, the maximum lake depth was ~1 m. The lake level has substantially declined in the subsequent years, with the lake drying almost completely in January 2018. The lake is currently characterized by highly anoxic conditions, with a predominance of ammonium ions on nitrates, a high concentration of organic carbon in the water-sediment interface and reducing conditions of the lake, as evidenced by Mn/Fe and Cr/V ratios. Our estimates of past salinity inferred from the chloride mass balance indicates that it was unlikely that Rano Raraku provided a viable freshwater source for early Rapa Nui people. The installation of an outlet pipe around 1950 that was active until the late 1970s, as well as grazing of horses on the lake margins appear to have significantly impacted the geochemical conditions of Rano Raraku sediments and lake water in recent decades. Such impacts are distinct from natural environmental changes and highlight the need to consider the sensitivity of the lake geochemistry to human activities.
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Rehman F, Bao J, Muhammad P, He W, Hanif S, Rauf M. Blood-brain barrier amenable gold nanoparticles biofabrication in aged cell culture medium. Mater Today Bio 2020; 8:100072. [PMID: 32939450 PMCID: PMC7476872 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green fabrication of nanoscale materials is highly desirable because of associated adverse effects with conventional nanomaterial biomedical applications. Moreover, the higher selective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the brain ailments treatment through conventional chemotherapy, thus providing room for nanotechnology-based modalities for BBB traversing. In this contribution, we have biosynthesized gold nanoparticles from the HAuCl4 solution in the aged cells culture medium. This approach is highly facile without any other chemical utilization. The cell culture medium age and cell number can tune the Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) size from 2 to several hundred nm. The 24 h MTT assay and cell uptake studies in vitro and murine models' vital organs (liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and heart) study up to 48 h demonstrated that biosynthesized AuNPs were biocompatible and BBB amenable. Interestingly, the transferrin and cell culture medium isolated proteins were found factors responsible for HAuCl4 solution biomineralization and size control. Moreover, the protein corona on biosynthesized AuNPs could help them traverse BBB both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting their potential applications for brain disease theranostics. In conclusion, the biosynthesis of AuNPs from aged cells medium is highly facile, green, and biocompatible for brain disease theranostics.
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Hanif S, Ali SN, Hassanein M, Khunti K, Hanif W. Managing People with Diabetes Fasting for Ramadan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A South Asian Health Foundation Update. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1094-1102. [PMID: 32333691 PMCID: PMC7267620 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The month of Ramadan forms one of the five pillars of the Muslim faith. Adult Muslims are obligated to keep daily fasts from dawn to sunset, with exceptions. This year Ramadan is due to begin on 23 April 2020 and the longest fast in the UK will be approximately 18 hours in length. In addition, due to the often high-calorie meals eaten to break the fast, Ramadan should be seen as a cycle of fasting and feasting. Ramadan fasting can impact those with diabetes, increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and dehydration. This year, Ramadan will occur during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Reports show that diabetes appears to be a risk factor for more severe disease with COVID-19. In addition, the UK experience has shown diabetes and COVID-19 is associated with dehydration, starvation ketosis, diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. This makes fasting in Ramadan particularly challenging for those Muslims with diabetes. Here, we discuss the implications of fasting in Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic and make recommendations for those with diabetes who wish to fast.
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Khan S, Khan Z, Hanif S, Riaz N, Warraich R. Patterns of facial fractures in children. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57:1009-1013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang YH, Yao N, Wei KK, Jiang L, Hanif S, Wang ZX, Pei CX. The efficacy and safety of probiotics for prevention of chemoradiotherapy-induced diarrhea in people with abdominal and pelvic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1246-1253. [PMID: 27329608 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotics for prevention of chemoradiotherapy-induced diarrhea in people with abdominal and pelvic cancer. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science up to November 2015. We also hand searched the citation lists of included studies and previously identified systematic reviews to identify further relevant trials. Odds ratio (OR) was used to compare efficacy, and the pooled OR was estimated using a random effects model; heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q and the Higgins' I2-test. Two reviewers assessed trial quality and extracted data independently. Analysis and bias for each included study were performed using Review Manager 5.2. Nine randomized and placebo-controlled studies (N=1265 participants) were included for assessing efficacy, of which seven were about radiotherapy and two about chemotherapy. Probiotic groups were compared with control groups with respect to the the incidence of diarrhea, OR=0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.28-0.76; P=0.002). Eleven studies, including 1612 people (873 consuming probiotics and 739 not consuming probiotics), were used for the analysis of safety of probiotics. Of the 11 studies, seven studies had no adverse events (AEs) caused by probiotics, whereas four studies reported varying degrees of AEs in their treatment. Probiotics may have a beneficial effect in prevention of chemoradiotherapy-induced diarrhea generally, especially for Grade⩾2 diarrhea. Probiotics may rarely cause AEs.
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Rana R, Dalal J, Singh D, Kumar N, Hanif S, Joshi N, Chhikara MK. Development and characterization of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine prepared using different polysaccharide chain lengths. Vaccine 2015; 33:2646-54. [PMID: 25907408 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharide conjugates of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are important components of several mono- or multi-valent childhood vaccines. However, their access to the most needy people is limited due to their high cost. As a step towards developing a cost effective and more immunogenic Hib conjugate vaccine, we present a method for the preparation of Hib capsular polysaccharide (PRP)-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugates using optimized PRP chain length and conjugation conditions. Reactive aldehyde groups were introduced into the polysaccharides by controlled periodate oxidation of the native polysaccharide, which were subsequently covalently linked to hydrazide derivatized tetanus toxoid by means of reductive amination. Native polysaccharides were reduced to average 100 or 50kDa polysaccharide and 10kDa oligosaccharides in a controlled manner. Various conjugates were prepared using Hib polysaccharide and oligosaccharide yielding conjugates with polysaccharide to protein ratios in the range of 0.25-0.5 (w/w) and free saccharide levels of less than 10%. Immunization of Sprague Dawley rats with the conjugates elicited specific antibodies to PRP. The low molecular weight PRP-TT conjugates were found to be more immunogenic as compared to their high molecular weight counterparts and the PRP-TT reference vaccine.
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Hanif S, Waqar M, Haylock B, Brodbelt A, Jenkinson MD, Walker C. P29 * CLINICAL MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME IN ASTROCYTOMA WHO GRADE II: THE IMPORTANCE OF RESECTION. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou249.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Waqar M, Hanif S, Rathi N, Das K, Zakaria R, Brodbelt AR, Walker C, Jenkinson M. P17 * MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF MIDLINE LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou249.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Oparka J, Cohen N, Hanif S, Buchan K. Broncholith within the left lower lobe bronchus. Assoc Med J 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hanif S, Matto E, Bianco B, Trebelev A. An interactive educational website for interventional radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lamina S, Hanif S. Pattern of facial palsy in a typical Nigerian specialist hospital. Afr Health Sci 2012; 12:514-7. [PMID: 23515232 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v12i4.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on incidence of facial palsy is generally lacking in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE To assess six years' incidence of facial palsy in Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital (MMSH), Kano, Nigeria. METHOD The records of patients diagnosed as facial problems between January 2000 and December 2005 were scrutinized. Data on diagnosis, age, sex, side affected, occupation and causes were obtained. RESULTS A total number of 698 patients with facial problems were recorded. Five hundred and ninety four (85%) were diagnosed as facial palsy. Out of the diagnosed facial palsy, males (56.2%) had a higher incidence than females; 20-34 years age group (40.3%) had a greater prevalence; the commonest cause of facial palsy was found out to be Idiopathic (39.1%) and was most common among business men (31.6%). Right sided facial palsy (52.2%) was predominant. Incidence of facial palsy was highest in 2003 (25.3%) and decreased from 2004. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the incidence of facial palsy was high and Bell's palsy remains the most common causes of facial (nerve) paralysis.
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Hanif S, Abodunde O, Ali Z, Pidgeon C. Age related outcome in acute subdural haematoma following traumatic head injury. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2009; 102:255-257. [PMID: 19873866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute subdural haematoma (ASDH) is one of the conditions most strongly associated with severe brain injury. Reports prior to 1980 describe overall mortality rates for acute subdural haematomas (SDH's) ranging from 40% to 90% with poor outcomes observed in all age groups. Recently, improved results have been reported with rapid diagnosis and surgical treatment. The elderly are predisposed to bleeding due to normal cerebral atrophy related to aging, stretching the bridging veins from the dura. Prognosis in ASDH is associated with age, time from injury to treatment, presence of pupillary abnormalities, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) or motor score on admission, immediate coma or lucid interval, computerized tomography findings (haematoma volume, degree of midline shift, associated intradural lesion, compression of basal cisterns), post-operative intracranial pressure and type of surgery. Advancing age is known to be a determinant of outcome in head injury. We present the results of a retrospective study carried out in Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland's national neurosurgical centre. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of age on outcome in patients with ASDH following severe head injury. Only cases with acute subdural haematoma requiring surgical evacuation were recruited. Mortality was significantly higher in older patients (50% above 70 years, 25.6% between 40 and 70 years and 26% below 40 years). Overall poor outcome (defined as Glasgow outcome scores 3-5) was also higher in older patients; 74.1% above 70 years, 48% between 40 and 70 years and 30% below 40 years. Poor outcome in traumatic acute subdural haematoma is higher in elderly patients even after surgical intervention.
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Wynn PC, Warriach HM, Morgan A, McGill DM, Hanif S, Sarwar M, Iqbal A, Sheehy PA, Bush RD. Perinatal Nutrition of the Calf and Its Consequences for Lifelong Productivity. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2009.r.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lamina S, Hanif S. Pattern of ptosis in Kano North-West Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2008; 8:253-255. [PMID: 20589133 PMCID: PMC2887013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological data on ptosis are generally lacking in the developing nations. The aim of this study was to assess the seven years pattern of ptosis in a Nigerian Specialist Hospital, Kano North-West Nigeria. METHOD The records of patients' diagnosis as ptosis between 2000 and 2006 were scrutinized. Data such as age, sex, cause, socioeconomic status, side of ptosis and management were obtained. RESULT A total number of 104 patients were recorded. High prevalence was found as follows: male 102(65.4%); right side (61.5%); trauma (RTA) (60.9%); civil servants (38.5.8%) and age group: 51-60 years (25.6%). CONCLUSION It was concluded that trauma from road traffic accident (RTA) is the major aetiological factor and the right side mostly affected. RECOMMENDATION It is recommended that surgical training and facilities for ptosis correction is off priority.
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Lamina S, Hanif S. Paralytic poliomyelitis during the pre-, peri- and post-suspension periods of a polio immunization campaign. Trop Doct 2008; 38:173-5. [PMID: 18628551 DOI: 10.1258/td.2007.070196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 744 paralytic poliomyelitis patients (0-59 months old) were reviewed and results showed a critical and perpetual surge during 2003 (20.2%), 2004 (27.4%) and 2005 (41%). A slight male predominance (56%) was reported and a high incidence was reported in the low socioeconomic (68.3%) and urban setting (60.3%) groups. It was concluded that the polio eradication campaigning programmes in Nigeria had not been successful and that legislation on poliomyelitis was required.
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Fasihuddin Q, Turi MH, Hanif S. PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy): first year experience. J PAK MED ASSOC 2004; 54:625-6. [PMID: 16104491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Shankar J, Noonan CP, Mathew P, Hanif S. Thyroid eye disease: an unusual presentation. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:923-4. [PMID: 12812905 PMCID: PMC1771774 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.87.7.923-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bokhari SS, Samad AH, Hanif S, Hadique S, Cheema MQ, Fazal MAS, Gul M, Bukhari SSI, Khan AS. Prevalence of depression in patients with coronary artery disease in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 2002; 52:436-9. [PMID: 12532585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of depression in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a tertiary care hospital setting in Pakistan. METHODS One hundred and fifty four patients of CAD (115 males and 39 females) were randomly selected from the outpatient department and wards of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi and were scored for depression via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Basic demographic data and disease variables were also collected. RESULTS The point prevalence of depression in the sample was 37% (31.3% males and 53.8% females). Female sex, income level below Rs. 5000 per month, low education level, outpatient, single earning family member and hypertension were few variables associated positively with depression (p < 0.05). Only one patient was receiving treatment for depression by his cardiologist. CONCLUSION Depression is prevalent in CAD patients in Pakistan. Economic conditions may pose an additional threat on these patients. Treating physicians (especially cardiologists) need to be aware of this co-morbidity so as to be able to diagnose and adequately manage such patients.
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Shah BH, Rasheed H, Rahman IH, Shariff AH, Khan FL, Rahman HB, Hanif S, Saeed SA. Molecular mechanisms involved in human platelet aggregation by synergistic interaction of platelet-activating factor and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Exp Mol Med 2001; 33:226-33. [PMID: 11795484 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2001.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies have shown that co-activation of Gq and Gi proteins by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and adrenaline show synergism in human platelet aggregation. This study was conducted to examine the mechanism(s) of synergistic interaction of 5-HT and platelet activating factor (PAF) in human platelets. We show that PAF, but not 5-HT, increased platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. However, low concentrations of 5-HT (2 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation induced by subthreshold concentration of PAF (40 nM) indicating a synergistic interaction between the two agonists and this synergism was blocked by receptor antagonists to either 5-HT or PAF. 5-HT also potentiated the effect of PAF on thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation and phosphorylation of extracellularly regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2). The synergism of 5-HT and PAF in platelet aggregation was inhibited by calcium (Ca2+) channel blockers, verapamil and diltiazem, phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, U73122, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, indomethacin, and MEK inhibitor, PD98059. These data suggest that synergistic effect of 5-HT and PAF on human platelet aggregation involves activation of PLC/Ca2+, COX and MAP kinase pathways.
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Briscoe CP, Hanif S, Arch JR, Tadayyon M. Leptin receptor long-form signalling in a human liver cell line. Cytokine 2001; 14:225-9. [PMID: 11448122 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2001.0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the long form of the leptin receptor was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting in the human liver cell line WRL68. Leptin (50-200 nM) significantly increased tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT cytoplasmic transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5b in a dose-dependent manner and produced a gel-shift with STAT3- and STAT5-specific oligonucleotides. WRL68 cells therefore provide the first human in vitro hepatocyte system in which to study leptin receptor-mediated signalling and to elucidate the role of leptin in liver.
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Briscoe CP, Hanif S, Arch JR, Tadayyon M. Fatty acids inhibit leptin signalling in BRIN-BD11 insulinoma cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2001; 26:145-54. [PMID: 11241166 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0260145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of treatment with a 0.03% fatty acid (FA) cocktail on leptin-receptor-mediated STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) activation in the rat insulinoma cell line BRIN-BD11 was investigated. Leptin (10 nM) stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5b. Acute treatment with FAs prevented leptin-stimulated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and significantly raised basal STAT5 phosphorylation. A chronic treatment (5 days) of BRIN-BD11 cells with FAs similarly attenuated leptin-stimulated STAT tyrosine phosphorylation. Chronic FA treatment also attenuated prolactin-stimulated STAT5b tyrosine phosphorylation but not interleukin-6-stimulated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the effect is receptor/ligand specific. TaqMan analysis of gene expression following chronic FA treatment showed neither a decrease in the amount of leptin receptor (Ob-R) mRNA, nor an increase in the negative regulators of STAT signalling, SOCS3 (suppressors of cytokine signalling) or cytokine inducible sequence (CIS). These data demonstrate that FAs modulate leptin and prolactin signalling in beta-cells, implying that high levels of circulating FAs present in obese individuals affect the action of selective cytokines in beta-cell function.
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Staines A, Hanif S, Ahmed S, McKinney PA, Shera S, Bodansky HJ. Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Karachi, Pakistan. Arch Dis Child 1997; 76:121-3. [PMID: 9068300 PMCID: PMC1717064 DOI: 10.1136/adc.76.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) among children aged up to 16 years residing in the city of Karachi, Pakistan, during the five years from 1989 to 1993. DESIGN Retrospective study of incidence using hospital and clinic records. SETTING The city of Karachi, Pakistan. SUBJECTS Children satisfying standard criteria for the diagnosis of IDDM, attending treatment facilities for the first time during the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence of IDDM in this population and its variation by age and sex. RESULTS The incidence of IDDM in this population is 1.02/100000 per year, which is one of the lowest incidence rates yet reported. CONCLUSIONS The very low incidence of IDDM, contrasted with the substantially higher incidence among migrants, supports the view that environmental factors are the major determinants of variations in the incidence of this condition between populations.
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