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Oras A, Quirant-Sanchez B, Popadic D, Thunberg S, Winqvist O, Heck S, Cwikowski M, Riemann D, Seliger B, Martinez Caceres E, Uibo R, Giese T. Comprehensive flow cytometric reference intervals of leukocyte subsets from six study centers across Europe. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:363-378. [PMID: 32654132 PMCID: PMC7670136 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of European FOCIS Centers of Excellence adapted panels of the Human Immunophenotyping Consortium (HIPC) for whole blood analysis. Using four core panels [T/regulatory T cell/B/natural killer (T/Treg/B/NK) and myeloid cells] the main leukocyte populations were analyzed in a clinical–diagnostic setting in a harmonized manner across different platforms. As a first step, the consortium presents here the absolute and relative frequencies of the leukocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of more than 300 healthy volunteers across six different European centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - B Quirant-Sanchez
- Immunology Division, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence
| | - D Popadic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Thunberg
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence.,Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - O Winqvist
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence.,Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Heck
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence.,NIHR GSTT/KCL Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Cwikowski
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - D Riemann
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - B Seliger
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - E Martinez Caceres
- Immunology Division, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence
| | - R Uibo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - T Giese
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence.,Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Yeo L, Pujol‐Autonell I, Baptista R, Eichmann M, Kronenberg‐Versteeg D, Heck S, Dolton G, Sewell AK, Härkönen T, Mikk M, Toppari J, Veijola R, Knip M, Ilonen J, Peakman M. Circulating β cell-specific CD8 + T cells restricted by high-risk HLA class I molecules show antigen experience in children with and at risk of type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 199:263-277. [PMID: 31660582 PMCID: PMC7008222 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes (T1D), autoreactive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are implicated in the destruction of insulin-producing β cells. The HLA-B*3906 and HLA-A*2402 class I genes confer increased risk and promote early disease onset, suggesting that CD8+ T cells that recognize peptides presented by these class I molecules on pancreatic β cells play a pivotal role in the autoimmune response. We examined the frequency and phenotype of circulating preproinsulin (PPI)-specific and insulin B (InsB)-specific CD8+ T cells in HLA-B*3906+ children newly diagnosed with T1D and in high-risk HLA-A*2402+ children before the appearance of disease-specific autoantibodies and before diagnosis of T1D. Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were detected using human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I tetramers and flow cytometry was used to assess memory status. In HLA-B*3906+ children with T1D, we observed an increase in PPI5-12 -specific transitional memory CD8+ T cells compared to non-diabetic, age- and HLA-matched subjects. Furthermore, PPI5-12 -specific CD8+ T cells in HLA-B*3906+ children with T1D showed a significantly more antigen-experienced phenotype compared to polyclonal CD8+ T cells. In longitudinal samples from high-risk HLA-A*2402+ children, the percentage of terminal effector cells within the InsB15-24 -specific CD8+ T cells was increased before diagnosis relative to samples taken before the appearance of autoantibodies. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to report HLA-B*3906-restricted autoreactive CD8+ T cells in T1D. Collectively, our results provide evidence that β cell-reactive CD8+ T cells restricted by disease-associated HLA class I molecules display an antigen-experienced phenotype and acquire enhanced effector function during the period leading to clinical diagnosis, implicating these cells in driving disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Yeo
- Department of ImmunobiologyFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital and King’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - I. Pujol‐Autonell
- Department of ImmunobiologyFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - R. Baptista
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital and King’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Eichmann
- Department of ImmunobiologyFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. Kronenberg‐Versteeg
- Department of ImmunobiologyFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Heck
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital and King’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - G. Dolton
- Division of Infection and ImmunitySchool of Medicine and Systems Immunity Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - A. K. Sewell
- Division of Infection and ImmunitySchool of Medicine and Systems Immunity Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - T. Härkönen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular MetabolismFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - M.‐L. Mikk
- Immunogenetics LaboratoryInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - J. Toppari
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineResearch Centre for Integrative Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - R. Veijola
- Department of PaediatricsPEDEGO Research UnitMedical Research CentreOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - M. Knip
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular MetabolismFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Children’s HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of PediatricsTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Folkhälsan Research CentreHelsinkiFinland
| | - J. Ilonen
- Immunogenetics LaboratoryInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Clinical MicrobiologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - M. Peakman
- Department of ImmunobiologyFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital and King’s College LondonLondonUK
- King’s Health Partners Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and ObesityLondonUK
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3
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Larsen KA, Trevisan CS, Lucchese RR, Heck S, Iskandar W, Champenois E, Gatton A, Moshammer R, Strom R, Severt T, Jochim B, Reedy D, Weller M, Landers AL, Williams JB, Ben-Itzhak I, Dörner R, Slaughter D, McCurdy CW, Weber T, Rescigno TN. Resonance signatures in the body-frame valence photoionization of CF4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21075-21084. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization of the 4t2 orbital of CF4 shows overlapping resonances close to threshold, leading to a striking inversion of the photoelectron angular distribution when viewed in the body-frame.
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4
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Heck S, Al-Shobash S, Rapp D, Le DD, Omlor A, Bekhit A, Flaig M, Al-Kadah B, Herian W, Bals R, Wagenpfeil S, Dinh QT. High probability of comorbidities in bronchial asthma in Germany. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2017; 27:28. [PMID: 28432297 PMCID: PMC5435094 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-017-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Clinical experience has shown that allergic and non-allergic respiratory, metabolic, mental, and cardiovascular disorders sometimes coexist with bronchial asthma. However, no study has been carried out that calculates the chance of manifestation of these disorders with bronchial asthma in Saarland and Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Using ICD10 diagnoses from health care institutions, the present study systematically analyzed the co-prevalence and odds ratios of comorbidities in the asthma population in Germany. The odds ratios were adjusted for age and sex for all comorbidities for patients with asthma vs. without asthma. Bronchial asthma was strongly associated with allergic and with a lesser extent to non-allergic comorbidities: OR 7.02 (95%CI:6.83-7.22) for allergic rhinitis; OR 4.98 (95%CI:4.67-5.32) allergic conjunctivitis; OR 2.41 (95%CI:2.33-2.52) atopic dermatitis; OR 2.47 (95%CI:2.16-2.82) food allergy, and OR 1.69 (95%CI:1.61-1.78) drug allergy. Interestingly, increased ORs were found for respiratory diseases: 2.06 (95%CI:1.64-2.58) vocal dysfunction; 1.83 (95%CI:1.74-1.92) pneumonia; 1.78 (95%CI:1.73-1.84) sinusitis; 1.71 (95%CI:1.65-1.78) rhinopharyngitis; 2.55 (95%CI:2.03-3.19) obstructive sleep apnea; 1.42 (95%CI:1.25-1.61) pulmonary embolism, and 3.75 (95%CI:1.64-8.53) bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Asthmatics also suffer from psychiatric, metabolic, cardiac or other comorbidities. Myocardial infarction (OR 0.86, 95%CI:0.79-0.94) did not coexist with asthma. Based on the calculated chances of manifestation for these comorbidities, especially allergic and respiratory, to a lesser extent also metabolic, cardiovascular, and mental disorders should be taken into consideration in the diagnostic and treatment strategy of bronchial asthma. BRONCHIAL ASTHMA PREVALENCE OF CO-EXISTING DISEASES IN GERMANY: Patients in Germany with bronchial asthma are highly likely to suffer from co-existing diseases and their treatments should reflect this. Quoc Thai Dinh at Saarland University Hospital in Homburg, Germany, and co-workers conducted a large-scale study of patients presenting with bronchial asthma in the Saarland region between 2009 and 2012. Patients with asthma made up 5.4% of the region's total population, with a higher prevalence occurring in females. They found that bronchial asthma was strongly associated with allergic comorbidities such as rhinitis. Indeed, asthmatic patients had a seven times higher chance to suffer from allergic rhinitis than the rest of the population, and were at higher risk of respiratory diseases like pneumonia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Further associations included cardiovascular, metabolic and mental disorders. Dinh's team call for asthma treatments to take such comorbidities into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heck
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - S Al-Shobash
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - D Rapp
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Clinical informatics, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - D D Le
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Omlor
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Bekhit
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Clinical informatics, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Flaig
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pneumology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - B Al-Kadah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - W Herian
- Head of the Regulatory Management Division, Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - R Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pneumology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - S Wagenpfeil
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Clinical informatics, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Q T Dinh
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pneumology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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5
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Thewes V, Simon R, Hlevnjak M, Schlotter M, Schroeter P, Schmidt K, Wu Y, Anzeneder T, Wang W, Windisch P, Kirchgäßner M, Melling N, Kneisel N, Büttner R, Deuschle U, Sinn HP, Schneeweiss A, Heck S, Kaulfuss S, Hess-Stumpp H, Okun JG, Sauter G, Lykkesfeldt AE, Zapatka M, Radlwimmer B, Lichter P, Tönjes M. The branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 sustains growth of antiestrogen-resistant and ERα-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:4124-4134. [PMID: 28319069 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antiestrogen-resistant and triple-negative breast tumors pose a serious clinical challenge because of limited treatment options. We assessed global gene expression changes in antiestrogen-sensitive compared with antiestrogen-resistant (two tamoxifen resistant and two fulvestrant resistant) MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1), which catalyzes the first step in the breakdown of branched-chain amino acids, was among the most upregulated transcripts in antiestrogen-resistant cells. Elevated BCAT1 expression was confirmed in relapsed tamoxifen-resistant breast tumor specimens. High intratumoral BCAT1 levels were associated with a reduced relapse-free survival in adjuvant tamoxifen-treated patients and overall survival in unselected patients. On a tissue microarray (n=1421), BCAT1 expression was detectable in 58% of unselected primary breast carcinomas and linked to a higher Ki-67 proliferation index, as well as histological grade. Interestingly, BCAT1 was predominantly expressed in estrogen receptor-α-negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (ERα-negative/HER-2-positive) and triple-negative breast cancers in independent patient cohorts. The inverse relationship between BCAT1 and ERα was corroborated in various breast cancer cell lines and pharmacological long-term depletion of ERα induced BCAT1 expression in vitro. Mechanistically, BCAT1 indirectly controlled expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 thereby affecting pRB. Correspondingly, phenotypic analyses using a lentiviral-mediated BCAT1 short hairpin RNA knockdown revealed that BCAT1 sustains proliferation in addition to migration and invasion and that its overexpression enhanced the capacity of antiestrogen-sensitive cells to grow in the presence of antiestrogens. Importantly, silencing of BCAT1 in an orthotopic triple-negative xenograft model resulted in a massive reduction of tumor volume in vivo, supporting our findings that BCAT1 is necessary for the growth of hormone-independent breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Thewes
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Hlevnjak
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schlotter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schroeter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Schmidt
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Wu
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Anzeneder
- PATH Foundation Biobank-Patients' Tumor Bank of Hope, Munich, Germany
| | - W Wang
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Windisch
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kirchgäßner
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Melling
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Kneisel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - U Deuschle
- Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H P Sinn
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Schneeweiss
- Gynecologic Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Heck
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - J G Okun
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A E Lykkesfeldt
- Breast Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Tönjes
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Omlor A, Le DD, Schlicker J, Ewen R, Heck S, Kraegeloh A, Hannig M, Hein C, Kautenburger R, Kickelbick G, Bals R, Nguyen J, Dinh QT. Local Effects on Airway Inflammation and Systemic Uptake of 5nm PEG-coated and Uncoated Gold Nanoparticles in Asthmatic Mice. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Omlor
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - DD Le
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - J Schlicker
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - R Ewen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - S Heck
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | | | - M Hannig
- Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, Parodontologie und Präventive Zahnheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - C Hein
- Anorganische Festkörperchemie, Universität des Saarlandes
| | - R Kautenburger
- Anorganische Festkörperchemie, Universität des Saarlandes
| | - G Kickelbick
- Anorganische Festkörperchemie, Universität des Saarlandes
| | - R Bals
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - J Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suny Buffalo
| | - QT Dinh
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
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Heck S, Daubeuf F, Le DD, Sester M, Bals R, Herr C, Frossard N, Dinh QT. Chalcone 4 treatment decreases the migration of dendritic cells into jugular nodose ganglia in an OVA-induced mouse model of allergic asthma. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Heck
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - F Daubeuf
- Laboratoire D'innovation Thérapeutique
| | - DD Le
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - M Sester
- Abteilung für Transplantations- und Infektionsimmunologie, Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - R Bals
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | - C Herr
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
| | | | - QT Dinh
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
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Schmit D, Le DD, Heck S, Beisswenger C, Herr C, Bals R, Dinh QT. Immunohistochemical study on changes of mast cell populations during allergic airway inflammation in mice using HDM model. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1572129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Heck S, Kunze F, Rapp D, Le DD, Bekhit A, Flaig M, Herian W, Bals R, Wagenpfeil S, Dinh QT. Comorbidities in COPD: A Population-based Retrospective Cross-sectional Study. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Heck S, Al-Shobash S, Rapp D, Le DD, Omlor A, Bekhit A, Flaig M, Al-Kadah B, Herian W, Bals R, Wagenpfeil S, Dinh QT. Comorbidities in Asthma: A Population-based Retrospective Cross-sectional Study. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Volkmann E, Zagouras P, Tashkin D, Heck S, Volkmann R. AB0690 Probing the Unique Genetic and Adverse Event Signatures of Cyclophosphamide Versus Mycophenolate for Systemic Sclerosis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Heck S, Al-Shobash S, Rapp D, Le DD, Omlor A, Flaig M, Al-Kadah B, Herian W, Bals R, Wagenpfeil S, Dinh T. Asthma Register Studie Saarland (ARSS): Prävalenz and Komorbiditäten von Asthma bronchiale in Deutschland – eine Populationsstudie über 653.955 Patientenfälle im Saarland. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Le DD, Rochlitzer S, Heck S, Bals R, Braun A, Welte T, Dinh QT. Allergische Atemwegsentzündung induziert eine Zunahme von Dendritischen Zellen in den Atemwegsganglien der Maus. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Funck U, Le DD, Rochlitzer S, Heck S, Bals R, Braun A, Welte T, Dinh QT. Veränderung von MHC-II positiven Zellen der Atemwegsganglien bei chronischem Hausstaubmilben-Mausmodell und HRV1B Infektion. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Funck U, Le DD, Rochlitzer S, Heck S, Bals R, Braun A, Welte T, Dinh QT. Veränderung von MHC-II positiven Zellen der Atemwegganglien bei chronischem Hausstaubmilben-Mausmodell und HRV1B Infektion. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dinh Q, Heck S, Le D, Bals R, Welte T. Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie von chronischem Husten: Neuronale Reflexe und Antitussiva. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1309694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Dinh
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V - Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
| | - S. Heck
- Experimentelle Pneumologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - D. Le
- Experimentelle Pneumologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - R. Bals
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V - Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
| | - T. Welte
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
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Dinh Q, Heck S, Le D, Bals R, Welte T. Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie von chronischem Husten: Neuronale Reflexe und Antitussiva. Pneumologie 2013; 67:327-34. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Dinh
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V - Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
| | - S. Heck
- Experimentelle Pneumologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - D. Le
- Experimentelle Pneumologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - R. Bals
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V - Pneumologie, Allergologie, Beatmungs- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
| | - T. Welte
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
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Ninck J, Heck S, Gick S, Koebke J, Pennig D, Dargel J. [Treatment of proximal humerus fractures: relative position of different locking plates to the axillary nerve]. Unfallchirurg 2012; 116:1000-5. [PMID: 22814611 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-012-2242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Placement of a proximal humerus locking plate through a percutaneous transdeltoid approach bears the advantages of a minimally invasive approach but may compromise the anterior branches of the axillary nerve. This anatomic study aimed to develop a risk profile for 6 types of modern proximal humerus locking plates as to their interference with the axillary nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study six different implants (Arthrex®, DePuy®, Königsee®, Smith & Nephew®, Stryker® and Synthes®) were placed on the intact proximal humerus of 33 embalmed cadaveric upper extremities and the relative positioning between the axillary nerve and the screw holes was determined. RESULTS All locking plates displayed an area of risk which concerned 3 out of 7 (Arthrex®), 4 out of 10 (DePuy®), 2 out of 9 (Königsee®), 3 out of 11 (Smith & Nephew®), 3 out of 11 (Stryker®) and 6 out of 12 (Synthes®) screw holes of the plate. CONCLUSIONS Using the anterolateral percutaneous deltoid splitting approach the relative position of the axillary nerve to the holes of a specific implant is of relevance for avoidance of iatrogenic lesions to the nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ninck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9, 50924, Köln, Deutschland
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Abstract
Both the radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints are often affected in"distal radius fractures". The incidence of this injury increases markedly among women over the age of 40. Bearing in mind the wide variety of distal radius fractures, a fixation system should be used which permits trans- and extra-articular application and subsequent reduction by means of distraction, as well as wrist mobilization. It is important that both reduction and position of the carpal bones can be checked. The possibility of extra-articular (radioradial) fixation should always be considered. AO group A2 and A3 fractures with sufficiently large fragments are suitable for this procedure. In other cases, transarticular application is advised. Complementary measures are justified in the case where two or more cortices in AP and lateral X-rays are destroyed. Adequate implants are also used to stabilize the articular surface. Large bone defects should be filled with corticocancellous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pennig
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie/Orthopädie, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, St. Vinzenz-Hospital Köln, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität zu Köln, Merheimer Straße 221-223, 50733, Köln, Deutschland.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heck
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie/Orthopädie, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, St. Vinzenz-Hospital Köln, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität zu Köln, Merheimer Straße 221-223, 50733, Köln, Deutschland.
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Dimitriadis K, Heck S, Schubert M, Klopstock T. [Retained reflexes, proprioception, SNAPs: still Friedreich's ataxia]. Nervenarzt 2010; 81:442-3. [PMID: 20396985 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-010-2946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Dimitriadis
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut an der Neurologischen Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München - Innenstadt, 80336 München
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Dimitriadis K, Heck S, Klopstock T. Erhaltene Reflexe, erhaltene Propriozeption, erhaltene SNAP: Trotzdem Friedreich-Ataxie. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Heck S, Dimitriadis K, Klopstock T. Erhaltene Reflexe, erhaltene Propriozeption, erhaltene SNAP: trotzdem Friedreich-Ataxie. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Netter P, Heck S, Müller H. What Selection of Patients is Achieved by Requesting Informed Consent in Placebo Controlled Drug Trials? Pharmacopsychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1017261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Heck S, Rudolph G, von Livonius B, Holder G, Meier T, Klopstock T. Eine doppelblinde, randomisierte, Placebo-kontrollierte Studie zur Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit von SNT-MC 17/idebenone in der Behandlung von Patienten mit Leberscher Hereditärer Optikus-Neuropathie. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Korkola JE, Heck S, Olshen AB, Reuter VE, Bosl GJ, Houldsworth J, Chaganti RSK. In vivo differentiation and genomic evolution in adult male germ cell tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 47:43-55. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rom JKW, Heck S, Becker N, Sinn HP, Schneeweiß A, Sohn C, Lichter P. Expression des Estrogen-Related Receptor alpha (ERRα) in Mammakarzinomen und dessen Korrelation mit pS2 und AIB1. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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28
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Garten L, Hüseman D, Stoltenburg- Didinger G, Heck S, Obladen M. Klinische, neurophysiologische und neuropathologische Befunde nach totaler Asphyxie bei einem Reifgeborenen – ein typisches Mischbild aus “typischen“ Schädigungsmustern? Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Noh U, Heck S, Giffhorn F, Kohring GW. Phototrophic transformation of phenol to 4-hydroxyphenylacetate by Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2002; 58:830-5. [PMID: 12021805 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-002-0954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2001] [Revised: 01/23/2002] [Accepted: 01/25/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Newly isolated and culture collection strains of Rhodopseudomonas palustris were able to transform phenol to 4-hydroxyphenylacetate under phototrophic conditions in the presence of acetate, malate, benzoate, or cinnamate as growth substrates. The reaction was examined with uniformly (14)C-labelled phenol and the product was identified by HPLC retention time, UV-scans, and (1)H- and (13)C-NMR analysis. The transformation reaction was detectable in cell-free extracts in the presence of NAD(+) and acetyl-CoA. For further degradation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate by R. palustris, low partial pressures of oxygen were essential, presumably for aerobic aromatic ring fission reactions by mono- and di-oxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Noh
- Applied Microbiology, University of Saarbrücken, PO Box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Manthey D, Heck S, Engert S, Behl C. Estrogen induces a rapid secretion of amyloid beta precursor protein via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:4285-91. [PMID: 11488923 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The female sex hormone estrogen (17beta-estradiol; E2) may function as a neurohormone and has multiple neuromodulatory functions in the brain. Its potent neuroprotective activities can be dependent and independent of estrogen receptors (ERs). In addition, E2 influences the processing of the amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), one central step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we show: (a) that physiological concentrations of E2 very rapidly cause an increased release of secreted nonamyloidogenic APP (sAPPalpha) in mouse hippocampal HT22 and human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells; and (b) that this effect is mediated through E2 via the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), prominent members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, we show that the activation of MAPK-signaling pathway and the enhancement of the sAPP release is independent of ERs and could be induced by E2 to a similar extent in neuronal cells either lacking or overexpressing a functional ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Manthey
- Independent Research Group Neurodegeneration, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Behl C, Moosmann B, Manthey D, Heck S. The female sex hormone oestrogen as neuroprotectant: activities at various levels. Novartis Found Symp 2001; 230:221-34; discussion 234-8. [PMID: 10965511 DOI: 10.1002/0470870818.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The female sex hormone oestradiol (oestrogen) is a steroidal compound that binds to specific intracellular receptors which act as transcription factors. Oestrogen displays many of its effects by the classical mode of action through receptor binding, transactivation and binding to consensus oestrogen response elements on DNA. Although the primary role of oestrogen as an ovarian steroid was thought to be the regulation of sex differentiation and maturation, since oestrogen receptors are expressed in a variety of other tissues besides sex organs, oestrogen is believed to exert multiple activities in several target sites throughout the body, including the nervous system. In the brain oestrogens have multiple activities. Potential neuroprotective functions of oestrogens are being intensively studied and it is becoming increasingly clear that oestrogens are (1) neuroprotective hormones acting via oestrogen receptor-dependent pathways at the genomic level and (2) neuroprotective steroidal structures acting independently of the activation of specific oestrogen receptors. One striking activity of the molecule oestradiol is its intrinsic antioxidant activity which makes it a potential chemical shield for neurons. Nerve cells frequently encounter oxidative challenges during the normal physiology, but also under pathophysiological conditions. Oxidative stress has been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. It is important to stress that the antioxidant neuroprotective activity of oestrogens is independent of oestrogen receptor activation, since oestrogen derivatives and aromatic alcohols that do not bind to oestrogen receptors share the same antioxidant neuroprotective activity. Although this effect of oestrogens can clearly be separated from oestrogen receptor binding, oestrogens may interact with intracellular signalling pathways, such as the mitogen activated protein kinase, cyclic AMP pathways, and with the activity of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappa B.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Behl
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
It was recently recognized that three different types of multi-component reactions (MCRs) exist. In preparative chemistry, the MCRs of type II form their products particularly efficiently. These reactions correspond to equilibria of educts and intermediate products, whose final products are formed practically irreversibly. In recent years, the four component reaction of the isocyanides (U-4CR) of type II and their unions with various reactions and MCRs have become an important industrial process for preparing products and their libraries. It has been demonstrated that all conceivable collections of U-4CR educts can be converted into the corresponding products. In the usual chemical reactions, only the substituents of the products can be varied, whereas the U-4CR and related reactions can also produce skeletally different types of products with diverse substituents. The preparative advantages of forming products by the one-pot MCRs and the great variety of the possible products are illustrated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ugi
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
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Laser H, Bongards C, Schüller J, Heck S, Johnsson N, Lehming N. A new screen for protein interactions reveals that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae high mobility group proteins Nhp6A/B are involved in the regulation of the GAL1 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:13732-7. [PMID: 11095729 PMCID: PMC17644 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.250400997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The split-ubiquitin assay detects protein interactions in vivo. To identify proteins interacting with Gal4p and Tup1p, two transcriptional regulators, we converted the split-ubiquitin assay into a generally applicable screen for binding partners of specific proteins in vivo. A library of genomic Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA fragments fused to the N-terminal half of ubiquitin was constructed and transformed into yeast strains carrying either Gal4p or Tup1p as a bait. Both proteins were C-terminally extended by the C-terminal half of ubiquitin followed by a modified Ura3p with an arginine in position 1, a destabilizing residue in the N-end rule pathway. The bait fusion protein alone is stable and enzymatically active. However, upon interaction with its prey, a native-like ubiquitin is reconstituted. RUra3p is then cleaved off by the ubiquitin-specific proteases and rapidly degraded by the N-end rule pathway. In both screens, Nhp6B was identified as a protein in close proximity to Gal4p as well as to Tup1p. Direct interaction between either protein and Nhp6B was confirmed by coprecipitation assays. Genetic analysis revealed that Nhp6B, a member of the HMG1 family of DNA-binding proteins, can influence transcriptional activation as well as repression at a specific locus in the chromosome of the yeast S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Laser
- Max-Delbrück-Laboratorium in der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Faust N, Varas F, Kelly LM, Heck S, Graf T. Insertion of enhanced green fluorescent protein into the lysozyme gene creates mice with green fluorescent granulocytes and macrophages. Blood 2000; 96:719-26. [PMID: 10887140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells have been studied extensively, but the events that occur during their differentiation remain largely uncharted. To develop a system that allows the differentiation of cultured multipotent progenitors by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, myelomonocytic cells were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in vivo. This was achieved by knocking the enhanced GFP (EGFP) gene into the murine lysozyme M (lys) locus and using a targeting vector, which contains a neomycin resistant (neo) gene flanked by LoxP sites and "splinked" ends, to increase the frequency of homologous recombination. Analysis of the blood and bone marrow of the lys-EGFP mice revealed that most myelomonocytic cells, especially mature neutrophil granulocytes, were fluorescence-positive, while cells from other lineages were not. Removal of the neo gene through breeding of the mice with the Cre-deleter strain led to an increased fluorescence intensity. Mice with an inactivation of both copies of the lys gene developed normally and were fertile. (Blood. 2000;96:719-726)
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Affiliation(s)
- N Faust
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Rojo-Niersbach E, Morley D, Heck S, Lehming N. A new method for the selection of protein interactions in mammalian cells. Biochem J 2000; 348 Pt 3:585-90. [PMID: 10839990 PMCID: PMC1221101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we present a new method that allows for the selection of protein interactions in mammalian cells. We have used this system to verify two interactions previously characterized in vitro. (1) The interaction between human TATA-binding protein 1 and nuclear factor kappaB and (2) the association of Homo sapiens nuclear autoantigen SP100B with human heterochromatin protein 1alpha, a protein implicated in chromatin remodelling. We observe for the first time that these interactions also occur in vivo. One protein was fused to the N-terminal half of ubiquitin, while the interacting partner was fused to the C-terminal half of ubiquitin, that was itself linked to guanine phosphoryltransferase 2 (gpt2) modified to begin with an arginine residue. Upon interaction of both proteins, ubiquitin is reconstituted, and its association with the Rgpt2 reporter is subsequently cleaved off by ubiquitin-processing enzymes. The presence of arginine in the Rgpt2 gene product leads to the degradation of the product by the N-end rule pathway. In the human fibroblast cell line HT1080HPRT(-) (that is deficient in the enzyme for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase) cells in which interaction between both proteins of interest occurs can then be selected for by hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymine medium and counterselected against by 6-thioguanine medium. This method provides a suitable alternative to the yeast two-hybrid system and is generally applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rojo-Niersbach
- Max-Delbrück-Laboratorium in der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
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Lowe JA, Qian W, Volkmann RA, Heck S, Nowakowski J, Nelson R, Nolan C, Liston D, Ward K, Zorn S, Johnson C, Vanase M, Faraci WS, Verdries KA, Baxter J, Doran S, Sanders M, Ashton M, Whittle P, Stefaniak M. A new class of selective and potent inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2569-72. [PMID: 10498210 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and SAR of a series of 6-(4-(substituted)phenyl)-2-aminopyridines as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase are described. Compound 3a from this series shows potent and selective inhibition of the human nNOS isoform, with pharmacokinetics sufficient to provide in vivo inhibition of nNOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lowe
- Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc. Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Abstract
We have developed a simple, fast and reliable method for the analysis of genetic stability in budding yeast strains. The assay relies on our previous finding that cells expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be detected and counted by flow cytometric analysis (FACS) (Niedenthal et al., 1996). Expression of a gfp-carrying CEN-plasmid in a wild-type strain resulted in the emission of strong fluorescence from 80% of the cell population. Strong fluorescence and presence of the plasmid, determined by the presence of the URA3 genetic marker, was strictly correlated. Expression of this plasmid in 266 yeast strains, each carrying a complete deletion of a novel, non-essential gene identified in the S. cerevisiae sequencing project, pinpointed 12 strains with an increased level of mitotic plasmid loss. Finally we have shown that measurement of mitotic loss of artificial chromosome fragments equipped with the gfp expression cassette can be performed quantitatively using FACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hegemann
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Heck S, Lezoualc'h F, Engert S, Behl C. Insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated neuroprotection against oxidative stress is associated with activation of nuclear factor kappaB. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:9828-35. [PMID: 10092673 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.14.9828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, has recently gained attention. The present study demonstrates that IGF-1 promotes the survival of rat primary cerebellar neurons and of immortalized hypothalamic rat GT1-7 cells after challenge with oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Neuroprotective concentrations of IGF-1 specifically induce the transcriptional activity and the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), a transcription factor that has been suggested to play a neuroprotective role. This induction is associated with increased nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and with degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha. IGF-1-mediated protection of GT1-7 cells against oxidative challenges was mimicked by overexpression of the NF-kappaB subunit c-Rel. Partial inhibition of NF-kappaB baseline activity by overexpression of a dominant-negative IkappaBalpha mutant enhanced the toxicity of H2O2 in GT1-7 cells. The pathway by which IGF-1 promotes neuronal survival and activation of NF-kappaB involves the phosphoinositol (PI) 3-kinase, because both effects of IGF-1 are blocked by LY294002 and wortmannin, two specific PI 3-kinase inhibitors. Taken together, our results provide evidence for a novel molecular link between IGF-1-mediated neuroprotection and induction of NF-kappaB that is dependent on the PI 3-kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
All 16 centromere DNA regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae including 90 bp framing sequences on either side were cloned. These 300 bp long centromere regions were analysed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to display a reduced mobility indicative of DNA curvature. The degree of curvature is centromere dependent. The experimental data were confirmed by computer analysis of the 3-dimensional structure of the CEN DNAs. Altogether these data provide further evidence for a model for budding yeast centromeres in which CEN DNA structure could be important for the assembly, activity and/or regulation of the centromere protein-DNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bechert
- Abteilung Molekularbiologie, Institut für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Postfach 100813, 07708 Jena, Germany and Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 107,35392 Giessen
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40
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Kullmann M, Schneikert J, Moll J, Heck S, Zeiner M, Gehring U, Cato AC. RAP46 is a negative regulator of glucocorticoid receptor action and hormone-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:14620-5. [PMID: 9603979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.23.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RAP46 was first identified by its ability to bind the glucocorticoid receptor. It has since been reported to bind several cellular proteins, including the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but the biological significance of these interactions is unknown. Here we show that RAP46 binds the hinge region of the glucocorticoid receptor and inhibits DNA binding and transactivation by the receptor. We further show that overexpression of RAP46 in mouse thymoma S49.1 cells inhibits glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Conversely, glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and transactivation were enhanced after treating S49.1 cells with the immunosuppressant rapamycin, which down-regulates cellular levels of BAG-1, the mouse homolog of RAP46. The effect of rapamycin can, however, be overcome by overexpression of RAP46. These results together identify RAP46 as a protein that controls glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis through its negative regulatory action on the transactivation property of the glucocorticoid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kullmann
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Genetik, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany
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41
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Abstract
Physiological and therapeutic activities of glucocorticoids and other steroid hormones are mediated by the family of steroid hormone receptors. In addition to the classical mode of receptor action which involves binding as a dimer to regulatory sequences in target gene promoters and subsequent activation of transcription, a second mode of action is based predominantly on protein-protein interactions. As the paradigm of this so-called transcriptional cross-talk, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the AP-1 transcription factor interact on target gene promoters which contain only a binding site for either one of the two transcription factors. Most frequently negative interference of both factors with each other's activity has been observed, for example, when AP-1 is composed of c-Fos and c-Jun; however, synergism is also possible under cell-specific conditions and when AP-1 is a homodimer of c-Jun. Since the detection of the GR/AP-1 cross-talk numerous other examples of transcription factor interactions have been described. Many members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, including class II receptors, have been shown to participate in such cross-talk. Moreover, the transcription factor families of NF-kappaB/Rel as well as Stat, Oct, and C/EBP are engaged in cross-talk with steroid receptors. Despite the identification of a multitude of target genes which appear to be regulated by this type of transcription factor interaction, the exact molecular mechanism of the cross-talk has not yet been elucidated. This review discusses the current models to explain the molecular events of transcription factor cross-talk. Concepts are emphasized which suggest that the classical and the cross-talk mode of steroid receptor action can be triggered separately by the choice of specific ligands. A final section summarizes the partially contradictory data which assign a certain type of receptor action to a biological response particularly in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Göttlicher
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Genetics, Germany
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42
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Heck S, Bender K, Kullmann M, Göttlicher M, Herrlich P, Cato AC. I kappaB alpha-independent downregulation of NF-kappaB activity by glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 1997; 16:4698-707. [PMID: 9303314 PMCID: PMC1170096 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.15.4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
I kappaB alpha is an inhibitor protein that prevents nuclear transport-and activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. In acute inflammation, NF-kappaB is activated and increases the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes. Glucocorticoids counteract this process. It has been proposed that the glucocorticoid-dependent inhibition of NF-kappaB activity is mediated by increased synthesis of I kappaB alpha which should then sequester NF-kappaB in an inactive cytoplasmic form. Here, we show by the use of a mutant glucocorticoid receptor and steroidal ligands that hormone-induced I kappaB alpha synthesis and inhibition of NF-kappaB activity are separable biochemical processes. A dimerization-defective glucocorticoid receptor mutant that does not enhance the I kappaB alpha level is still able to repress NF-kappaB activity. Conversely, glucocorticoid analogues competent in enhancing I kappaB alpha synthesis do not repress NF-kappaB activity. These results demonstrate that increased synthesis of I kappaB alpha is neither required nor sufficient for the hormone-mediated downmodulation of NF-kappaB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heck
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Genetics, Germany
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43
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Heck S, Enz R, Richter-Landsberg C, Blohm DH. Expression of eight metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes during neuronal differentiation of P19 embryocarcinoma cells: a study by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1997; 101:85-91. [PMID: 9263583 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(97)00048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate neuronal activity but expression and alternative splicing of their subtypes (mGluR1-mGluR8) during early neuronal differentiation are essentially unknown. In the mouse embryocarcinoma cell line P19, one of the best established systems to study neurogenesis in vitro, it was shown by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization that the neuronal differentiation process, induced by retinoic acid, is characterized by an early increase in the expression of mGluR3, mGluR7 and mGluR8 and a late rise in the mRNA levels of mGluR1 and mGluR5, whereas mGluR2 and mGluR4 seem to be constitutively expressed. In comparison, in primary embryonic neurons all mGluR subtypes were detected at day 3 after plating while primary astrocytes and oligodendrocytes have diverging mGluR pattern. In addition, the splicing pattern of mGluR1 and mGluR5 transcripts differ remarkably between neural cells in vitro and brain tissue. These data, although not comparable to the situation in vivo, might be a hint on so far unknown functions of metabotropic glutamate receptors during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heck
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics, University of Bremen, Germany
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44
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Müller R, Heinrich M, Heck S, Blohm D, Richter-Landsberg C. Expression of microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and tau in cultured rat brain oligodendrocytes. Cell Tissue Res 1997; 288:239-49. [PMID: 9082959 DOI: 10.1007/s004410050809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes in culture are characterized by large membranous sheets containing an elaborate network of microtubules. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) participate in microtubule stability and the regulation of the cellular architecture. We have investigated the expression of two major groups of MAPs, MAP2 and tau, in cultured rat brain oligodendrocytes. Alternatively spliced isoforms of mRNAs encoding MAP2 and tau were assessed by means of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction using a newly designed set of MAP2- and tau-specific primers. The data were compared with data obtained with cultures of rat brain astrocytes and rat cerebral neurons, and adult rat brain. The results show that oligodendrocytes, similarly to neurons, express mainly MAP2c transcripts containing three microtubule-binding repeats. They also contain small amounts of MAP2b mRNA. Six low molecular weight tau isoforms, namely tau 1-6, have been described in the brain (Goedert et al. 1991). The major isoform of tau mRNA in oligodendrocytes was found to be tau 1, which represents a marker typical for immature neurons. Tau 2 and tau 4 isoforms were also detected, albeit at a very low level. Immunoblot analysis of oligodendroglia cell extracts confirmed the presence of tau protein. It migrates as a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. In addition, oligodendrocytes express MAP2c protein, which migrates as a close double band with an apparent molecular weight around 70 kDa. Indirect immunofluorescence staining indicated that tau and MAP2 immunoreactivity was expressed in oligodendrocytes of immature and mature morphologies in the cell somata and cellular processes. Tau was particularly found in the end of the cellular extensions, and both proteins exhibited a distribution similar to myelin basic protein. Thus, oligodendroglia, like neuronal cells, contain microtubule-associated proteins, mainly MAP2c and the tau 1 isoform, although at a much lower level. The presence of these MAPs in myelin-forming cells further points to the functional significance of the cytoskeleton during oligodendrocyte differentiation, process outgrowth, and myelin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Müller
- Department of Biology, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important human respiratory pathogen. Classification of C. pneumoniae isolates into distinguishable serovars or genotypes has not yet been reported. To determine whether antigenic or molecular variants among C. pneumoniae isolates exist, six strains were studied via immunoblot analysis and DNA sequence determination of the entire major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene omp1. The strains included four prototype strains and two clinical isolates from our laboratory. Immunoblot analysis of sera from patients infected with C. pneumoniae revealed antigenic differences between the C. pneumoniae strains. Strong reactivity of one serum sample with a 65-kDa protein in two C. pneumoniae strains which was not observed with the other strains was the most prominent finding. All sera reacted with the 40-kDa MOMP. Comparison of the omp1 DNA sequences revealed that the omp1 genes of all strains were identical and were 100% identical to the sequence of the omp1 gene of C. pneumoniae AR-39. The results of this study demonstrate that unlike C. trachomatis, the omp1 gene is conserved in C. pneumoniae. Furthermore, it was shown that C. pneumoniae strains are antigenically different. This finding indicates that more than one serovar of C. pneumoniae exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Jantos
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
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46
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Heck S, Enz R, Richter-Landsberg C, Blohm DH. Expression and mRNA splicing of glycine receptor subunits and gephyrin during neuronal differentiation of P19 cells in vitro, studied by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1997; 98:211-20. [PMID: 9051263 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(96)00181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mouse EC cell line P19, differentiating in vitro into neural cell types under the influence of retinoic acid, represents a well established model system for neurogenesis. In this system the expression of the alpha (alpha 1-alpha 3) and beta subunits of the inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) and of gephyrin as well as their mRNA splice variants was analyzed by RT-PCR and by immunocytochemistry. In the course of neuronal differentiation of P19 cells mRNA of GlyR beta is constitutively expressed, GlyR alpha 1 and alpha 2 are induced and GlyR alpha 3 was not detected. From the three gephyrin transcripts known to be differently spliced in the C3/C4 cassette region, the C3 transcript was found at all stages while the C4 transcript was not detectable. The insert-free form was measurable in P19 cells only 3-4 days post induction by retinoic acid. In addition a GlyR beta splice variant and a fourth gephyrin transcript were detected. Primary glial cells do not contain significant amounts of GlyR alpha subunits while in primary neuronal cells transcripts of GlyR alpha 2 were found as well as the mRNA of the GlyR beta subunit and of gephyrin. PC12 cells do not express glycine receptor genes but do express gephyrin. Immunocytochemistry confirmed the constitutive expression of gephyrin at the protein level, whereas GlyR antigens could only be detected in islets of the 'P19 neurons'. In conclusion, P19 and primary neuronal cells but not PC12 cells express the transcripts of glycine receptor components, necessary to generate functional receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heck
- University of Bremen, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics, Germany
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Abstract
The dominant kanr marker gene plays an important role in gene disruption experiments in budding yeast, as this marker can be used in a variety of yeast strains lacking the conventional yeast markers. We have developed a loxP-kanMX-loxP gene disruption cassette, which combines the advantages of the heterologous kanr marker with those from the Cre-lox P recombination system. This disruption cassette integrates with high efficiency via homologous integration at the correct genomic locus (routinely 70%). Upon expression of the Cre recombinase the kanMX module is excised by an efficient recombination between the loxP sites, leaving behind a single loxP site at the chromosomal locus. This system allows repeated use of the kanr marker gene and will be of great advantage for the functional analysis of gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Güldener
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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48
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Göttlicher M, Heck S, Doucas V, Wade E, Kullmann M, Cato AC, Evans RM, Herrlich P. Interaction of the Ubc9 human homologue with c-Jun and with the glucocorticoid receptor. Steroids 1996; 61:257-62. [PMID: 8733011 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(96)00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones convert the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) from an inactive cytosolic complex to a nuclear form that regulates transcription. Binding of GR to palindromic DNA-recognition sites (hormone response elements) leads to activated target gene transcription. GR also exerts negative actions on transcription, e.g., by interfering with the function of several other transcription factors such as AP-1, NK-kappa B, CREB, and Oct-1. Physical interactions of GR with AP-1 subunits are readily detectable but do not seem sufficient since nonrepressing GR mutants still interact in vitro, so that specific conformational changes and/or interactions with additional partner proteins may be required for negative action. In an attempt to find such partner proteins, we defined regions of c-Jun and GR essential for mutual interference and used in those a yeast two-hybrid screen for interacting proteins. Repeatedly we isolated overlapping cDNA sequences of one protein interaction with both c-Jun and GR. This protein does not interact with c-Fos or a non-repressing GR mutant and expressed in mammalian cells does not substantially affect AP-1 or GR activity. Interestingly, however, the protein rescues yeast cells from the toxic effects of the GR fragment used for screening. The protein represents the human homologue of the yeast E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, Ubc9; its specific interactions with both GR and c-Jun, but not mutant GR, suggest that it may exert physiologic regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Göttlicher
- Forschungzentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Genetics, Germany
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49
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Abstract
Pain dysfunction syndrome is a descriptive term recommended by Amadio to describe patients whose pain is excessive, nonanatomic, and out of proportion to their injury. This retrospective review reports the effectiveness of a differential epidural block in the evaluation of these patients. Four patterns of response were identified with the block: 1) reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) (14%), 2) somatic (9%), 3) mixed sympathetic and somatic (27%), and 4) central (50%). The inciting injury in 70% of the patients was a minor strain, sprain, or contusion. Despite accurate diagnosis, the results in compensation cases with pain dysfunction syndrome are exceedingly poor.
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Weissenberger C, Heck S, Berger D, Herbstritt L, Schulzke S, Dengler W, Mertelsmann R, Fiebig H. 105 Correlation between expression of MDR1, GST-π, K-RAS, MDR3, CEA in human tumor xenografts. Eur J Cancer 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)95360-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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