Atorvastatin therapy is associated with improvement of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, which correlates with the degree of stenosis in patients with carotid atheromatosis with and without prior angioplasty

AIM

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a pivotal factor of the atheromatous process. Statins reduce atheromatosis and cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of statin therapy on circulating oxLDL and the possible impact of such effect on stenosis due to carotid artery atheromatosis.

METHODS

A total of 100 patients (76 males, median age 68 years) with carotid atheromatosis were enrolled. Those with stenosis >70% (n=50) were pre-treated with carotid angioplasty, whereas those with <70% were treated conservatively. Both groups were given low-dose atrorvastatin, tittered to maintain LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL. Anthropometrics, complete lipid profile, and oxLDL were obtained in 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Stenosis was evaluated by ultrasonography at baseline and 12 months.

RESULTS

Lipid profile significantly improved at 12 months and oxLDL fell from 62.26+/-22.03 mg/dL at baseline to 44.49+/-21.75 mg/dL at 12 months (P<0.001). In the invasively pretreated group no restenosis was noticed; in the conservatively treated group a significant reduction of stenosis was demonstrated (47.6+/-13.2% vs 37.7+/-15.7%, P<0.001). The decrease of oxLDL correlated with the reduction of stenosis (r=0.17, P=0.018). In multivariate analysis, oxLDL was an independent risk factor for re-stenosis (hazard ratio=4.319, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION

A marked reduction of oxLDL was shown in patients with carotid atheromatosis treated with low-dose atorvastatin. Moreover, oxLDL could be a measure of the degree of stenosis in such patients.

Impact of the metabolic syndrome and its components combinations on arterial stiffness in Type 2 diabetic men

AIM

Arterial stiffness (AS) is a risk marker of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, yet its association with metabolic syndrome (MS) in diabetic patients is not established. The aim of this study was to investigate possible association of MS or its components with AS in diabetic population and to identify the MS definition which better correlates with AS.

METHODS

Overall, 98 type-2 diabetic men, mean age 64+/-10 years, were classified into groups according to the presence of MS, using the National Cholesterol Educational Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition. AS was estimated using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). For between-group comparisons and correlations between MS and it's components with AS, t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were employed, respectively. For multivariable analysis a linear regression model was used.

RESULTS

PWV in those with (72.5%) and without NCEP-ATPIII MS was 13.4+/-2.9 vs 12+/-3.2 m/s (P=NS) and in those with (79.6%) and without IDF MS 13.6+/-2.8 vs 11+/-3.2 m/s (P=0.036). AS positively correlated with IDF MS (r=0.332, P=0.036), increased blood pressure (r=0.324, P=0.037), and the combination of increased waist circumference according to IDF with hypertension (r=0.380, P=0.013); no correlation with NCEP-ATPIII MS was detected. In multivariable analysis, age, hypertension, and IDF MS were independently associated with AS (beta=2.52, P=0.039).

CONCLUSIONS

IDF MS is independently associated with increased AS in diabetic men. Additionally, abdominal obesity, hypertension and older age were likely to be associated with increased AS. PWV measurement may be indicated in such patients.