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Armstrong RC, Aja T, Xiang J, Gaur S, Krebs JF, Hoang K, Bai X, Korsmeyer SJ, Karanewsky DS, Fritz LC, Tomaselli KJ. Fas-induced activation of the cell death-related protease CPP32 Is inhibited by Bcl-2 and by ICE family protease inhibitors. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:16850-5. [PMID: 8663439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.28.16850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human proto-oncogene bcl-2 and its Caenorhabditis elegans homologue ced-9 inhibit programmed cell death. In contrast, members of the human interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) family of cysteine proteases and their C. elegans homologue CED-3 promote the death program. Genetic experiments in C. elegans have shown that ced-9 is formally a negative regulator of ced-3 function, but neither those studies nor others have determined whether CED-9 or Bcl-2 proteins act biochemically upstream or downstream of CED-3/ICE proteases. CPP32, like all known members of the CED-3/ICE family, is synthesized as a proenzyme that is subsequently processed into an active protease with specificity for cleavage at Asp-X peptide bonds. In this report, we demonstrate that the CPP32 proenzyme is proteolytically processed and activated in Jurkat cells induced to die by Fas ligation. CPP32 activation is blocked by cell-permeable inhibitors of aspartate-directed, cysteine proteases, suggesting that pro-CPP32 is cleaved by active CPP32 or by other ICE family members. Heterologous expression of Bcl-2 in Jurkat cells prevents Fas-induced cell death as well as proteolytic processing and activation of CPP32. Thus, Bcl-2 acts at or upstream of the CPP32 activation step to inhibit apoptosis induced by Fas stimulation.
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229 |
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Chowdhary A, Kathuria S, Randhawa HS, Gaur SN, Klaassen CH, Meis JF. Isolation of multiple-triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus strains carrying the TR/L98H mutations in the cyp51A gene in India. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 67:362-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14 |
160 |
3
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Bertin J, Mendrysa SM, LaCount DJ, Gaur S, Krebs JF, Armstrong RC, Tomaselli KJ, Friesen PD. Apoptotic suppression by baculovirus P35 involves cleavage by and inhibition of a virus-induced CED-3/ICE-like protease. J Virol 1996; 70:6251-9. [PMID: 8709252 PMCID: PMC190650 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.9.6251-6259.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus p35 prevents programmed cell death in diverse organisms and encodes a protein inhibitor (P35) of the CED-3/interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-related proteases. By using site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified P35 domains necessary for suppression of virus-induced apoptosis in insect cells, the context in which P35 evolved. During infection, P35 was cleaved within an essential domain at or near the site DQMD-87G required for cleavage by CED-3/ICE family proteases. Cleavage site substitution of alanine for aspartic acid at position 87 (D87A) of the P1 residue abolished P35 cleavage and antiapoptotic activity. Although the P4 residue substitution D84A also caused loss of apoptotic suppression, it did not eliminate cleavage and suggested that P35 cleavage is not sufficient for antiapoptotic activity. Apoptotic insect cells contained a CED-3/ICE-like activity that cleaved in vitro-translated P35 and was inhibited by recombinant wild-type P35 but not P1- or P4-mutated P35. Thus, baculovirus infection directly or indirectly activates a novel CED-3/ICE-like protease that is inhibited by P35, thereby preventing virus-induced apoptosis. Our findings confirmed the inhibitory activity of P35 towards the CED-3/ICE protease, including recombinant mammalian enzymes, and were consistent with a mechanism involving P35 stoichiometric interaction and cleavage. P35's inhibition of phylogenetically diverse proteases accounts for its general effectiveness as an apoptotic suppressor.
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research-article |
29 |
132 |
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Garg NK, Gaur S, Sharma S. Percutaneous autogenous bone marrow grafting in 20 cases of ununited fracture. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1993; 64:671-2. [PMID: 8291415 DOI: 10.3109/17453679308994595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We grafted autogenous bone marrow percutaneously to stimulate healing in 20 ununited long bone fractures. 15-20 mL of bone marrow was injected twice, with an interval of 3 weeks. All cases were immobilized in a plaster cast. 17 cases united in 5 (3-7) months.
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Case Reports |
32 |
105 |
5
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Sudha VT, Arora N, Gaur SN, Pasha S, Singh BP. Identification of a serine protease as a major allergen (Per a 10) of Periplaneta americana. Allergy 2008; 63:768-76. [PMID: 18445191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockroach allergens are associated with the development of asthma, but none of these has been characterized for proteolytic activity. This study was undertaken to isolate and characterize a protease from Periplaneta americana and determine its allergenicity. METHODS A serine protease was isolated from P. americana extract using benzamidine sepharose column and characterized by immunobiochemical methods. Allergenicity of the protease was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot, intradermal testing, histamine release and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferation. RESULTS Affinity purified protein of approximately 28 kDa (Per a 10) showed a single band of activity in gelatin zymogram and agarose plate assay. N-terminal sequence (IVGGRPAQI) revealed similarity with mite serine protease allergens and insect trypsins. It demonstrated proteolytic activity with azocollagen > gelatin > defatted-milk > casein including serine protease specific substrate, N-benzoyl-arginine-ethyl-ester-hydrochloride. It was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors, namely aprotinin > pefabloc > AEBSF > PMSF > benzamidine > antipain > leupeptin and trypsin-specific inhibitor (tosyl-lysyl-chloromethyl-ketone) suggesting it to be a trypsin-like serine protease. Per a 10 was recognized as a major allergen, showing IgE reactivity with >80% of cockroach sensitized patients by skin tests and immunoblot. It could induce significant histamine release (P < 0.05) in blood and secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) (P < 0.05) and IL-5 (P < 0.05) in culture supernatant of PBMCs from cockroach hypersensitive patients, suggesting a strong allergenic potency. CONCLUSION A serine protease isolated from P. americana was demonstrated to be a major allergen (Per a 10). It has a potential for component-based diagnosis of allergy and will be useful in elucidating the mechanism of allergy.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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84 |
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Chowdhary A, Randhawa HS, Gaur SN, Agarwal K, Kathuria S, Roy P, Klaassen CH, Meis JF. Schizophyllum commune as an emerging fungal pathogen: a review and report of two cases. Mycoses 2012; 56:1-10. [PMID: 22524529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report Schizophyllum commune as the aetiological agent of one case each of allergic broncho-pulmonary mycosis (ABPM) and pulmonary fungal ball, and present a literature review. The fungus was characterised by clamp connections, hyphal spicules, and formation of basidiocarps with basidiospores. The phenotypic identification was confirmed by sequencing of the ITS region. To-date, ABPM and pulmonary fungal ball to S. commune have been reported exclusively from Japan and North America respectively. Of the 71 globally reported cases due to S. commune, 45 (63%) were bronchopulmonary, 22 (31%) sinusitis and 4 extrapulmonary. Taken together, cases of bronchopulmonary disease and sinusitis numbered 67 (94%), indicating the respiratory tract as the primary target of disease. Concerning the country-wise distribution, Japan topped the list with 33 cases (46%), followed by Iran - 7 cases (10%), U.S.A. - 6 cases (9%), and a lower prevalence of 1.4-6% for the remaining 12 countries. The preponderance of the disease in Japan may be attributed to its greater awareness vis-à-vis that in other countries rather than to any geographical/climatic factors. We believe that the burden of S. commune-incited disease is currently underestimated, warranting comprehensive prospective studies to determine its prevalence.
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Review |
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Gaur S, Newcomb R, Rivnay B, Bell JR, Yamashiro D, Ramachandran J, Miljanich GP. Calcium channel antagonist peptides define several components of transmitter release in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 1994; 33:1211-9. [PMID: 7862257 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(05)80012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of subtype-selective voltage-sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) antagonists has established that neurotransmitter release in mammalian brain is mediated by N-like and P-like VSCCs, and that other subtypes also contribute significantly. To determine the roles presynaptic VSCCs play in nervous system function and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of their selective inhibition, it is necessary to define further the contributions of VSCC subtypes to neurotransmitter release. The novel conopeptide, SNX-230 (omega-conopeptide MVIIC), has revealed a new VSCC subtype, the Q-type, in cerebellar granule cells. We have compared the effects of SNX-230 on release of tritiated D-aspartate ([3H]D-Asp; a non-metabolizable analog of glutamate), gamma-aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA), and norepinephrine ([3H]NE) from rat hippocampal slices to those of the N-type VSCC blocker, SNX-111 (omega-conopeptide MVIIA), and the P-type blocker, omega-agatoxin-IVA (AgaIVA). SNX-230 blocks both [3H]D-Asp and [3H]GABA release completely, whereas AgaIVA blocks them potently but partially and SNX-111 has no effect. These results suggest that glutamate and GABA release are mediated by two VSCC subtypes, a P-type and another, perhaps Q-like. SNX-111 blocks [3H]NE release potently but partially, while SNX-230 blockade is complete, consisting of one very potent phase and one less potent phase. AgaIVA also blocks [3H]NE release potently but partially. These results suggest that at least two VSCC subtypes, an N-type and a novel non-N-type, mediate NE release. Pair-wise combinations of the three ligands indicate that at least three pharmacologically distinct components comprise [3H]NE release in the hippocampus.
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64 |
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Gupta D, Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Maturu VN, Dhooria S, Prasad KT, Sehgal IS, Yenge LB, Jindal A, Singh N, Ghoshal AG, Khilnani GC, Samaria JK, Gaur SN, Behera D, S. K. Jindal for the COPD Guidelines Working Group. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Joint ICS/NCCP (I) recommendations. Lung India 2013; 30:228-267. [PMID: 24049265 PMCID: PMC3775210 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem in India. Although several International guidelines for diagnosis and management of COPD are available, yet there are lot of gaps in recognition and management of COPD in India due to vast differences in availability and affordability of healthcare facilities across the country. The Indian Chest Society (ICS) and the National College of Chest Physicians (NCCP) of India have joined hands to come out with these evidence-based guidelines to help the physicians at all levels of healthcare to diagnose and manage COPD in a scientific manner. Besides the International literature, the Indian studies were specifically analyzed to arrive at simple and practical recommendations. The evidence is presented under these five headings: (a) definitions, epidemiology, and disease burden; (b) disease assessment and diagnosis; (c) pharmacologic management of stable COPD; (d) management of acute exacerbations; and (e) nonpharmacologic and preventive measures. The modified grade system was used for classifying the quality of evidence as 1, 2, 3, or usual practice point (UPP). The strength of recommendation was graded as A or B depending upon the level of evidence.
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other |
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63 |
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Fitzgibbon JE, Gaur S, Frenkel LD, Laraque F, Edlin BR, Dubin DT. Transmission from one child to another of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with a zidovudine-resistance mutation. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1835-41. [PMID: 8247034 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199312163292502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS. We describe a child who apparently acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the home setting. The suspected source of infection was a child with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had received zidovudine and whose virus contained a mutation associated with in vitro zidovudine resistance. The children were born to different HIV-1-infected mothers, but they lived in the same home between the ages of two and five years. Child 1 was infected perinatally; Child 2 was not and was repeatedly found to be seronegative. Child 2 was examined because of acute lymphadenopathy and had seroconverted to HIV-1 positivity. HIV-1 proviral DNA was amplified from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and subjected to sequence analysis. Sequences from Child 2 were compared with those from Child 2's mother, Child 1, and local HIV-1-infected control children.
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Case Reports |
32 |
61 |
10
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Gupta D, Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Singh N, Mishra N, Khilnani GC, Samaria JK, Gaur SN, Jindal SK, for the Pneumonia Guidelines Working Group. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: Joint ICS/NCCP(I) recommendations. Lung India 2012; 29:S27-S62. [PMID: 23019384 PMCID: PMC3458782 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.99248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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other |
13 |
55 |
11
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Calio B, Sidana A, Sugano D, Gaur S, Jain A, Maruf M, Xu S, Yan P, Kruecker J, Merino M, Choyke P, Turkbey B, Wood B, Pinto P. Changes in prostate cancer detection rate of MRI-TRUS fusion vs systematic biopsy over time: evidence of a learning curve. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:436-441. [PMID: 28762373 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the effect of urologist and radiologist learning curves and changes in MRI-TRUS fusion platform during 9 years of NCI's experience with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)/TRUS fusion biopsy. METHODS A prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing mpMRI followed by fusion biopsy (Fbx) and systematic biopsy (Sbx) from 2007 to 2016 was reviewed. The patients were stratified based on the timing of first biopsy. Cohort 1 (7/2007-12/2010) accounted for learning curve. Cohort 2 (1/2011-5/2013) and cohort 3 (5/2013-4/2016) included patients biopsied prior to and after debut of a new software platform, respectively. Clinically significant (CS) disease was defined as Gleason 7 (3+4) or higher. McNemar's test compared cancer detection rates (CDRs) of Sbx and Fbx between time periods. RESULTS 1528 patients were included in the study with 230, 537 and 761 patients included in three respective cohorts. Median age (interquartile range) was 61.0 (±9.0), 62.0 (±7.3), and 64.0 (±11.0) years in three cohorts, respectively (P<0.001). Fbx and Sbx had comparable CS CDR in cohort 1 (24.8 vs 22.2%, P=0.377). Fbx detected significantly more CS disease compared to Sbx in the following two periods (cohort 2: 31.5 vs 25.0%, P=0.001; cohort 3: 36.4 vs 30.3%, P<0.001) and detected significantly less low risk disease in the same period (cohort 2: 14.5 vs 19.6%, P<0.001; cohort 3: 12.6 vs 16.7%, P<0.001). Even after multivariate adjustment with age, PSA, race, clinical stage and MRI suspicion score, Fbx CS cancer detection increased in successive cohorts (cohort 2: OR 2.23, P=0.043; cohort 3: OR 2.92, P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS In the past 9 years, there has been significant improvement in the accuracy of Fbx. Our results show that after an early learning period, Fbx detected higher rates of CS cancer and lower rates of clinically insignificant cancer than Sbx. Software advances allowed for even greater detection of CS disease.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
8 |
53 |
12
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Oryan A, Moghaddar N, Gaur SN. Metacestodes of sheep with special reference to their epidemiological status, pathogenesis and economic implications in Fars Province, Iran. Vet Parasitol 1994; 51:231-40. [PMID: 8171825 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(94)90160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken over a period of 2 years. Of 7992 sheep examined, 2088 (26.12%), 2266 (28.36%), 15 (0.19%) and 738 (9.8%) were infected with Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia ovis and Taenia multiceps metacestodes, respectively. The prevalence was higher in animals belonging to migratory tribal people than in those owned by the permanent residents of Fars Province. Dogs in the former group also showed significantly higher levels of infection with E. granulosus (33.3%) and Taenia spp. (40.7%) than those in the latter group. The metacestodes caused tissue damage in different organs, resulting in condemnation of meat or viscera valued at 10.2 million rials. The migration of tribal people has a direct bearing on the transmission of these parasites and must be taken into account in control planning.
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51 |
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Mohan A, Madan K, Hadda V, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Guleria R, Khilnani GC, Luhadia SK, Solanki RN, Gupta KB, Swarnakar R, Gaur SN, Singhal P, Ayub II, Bansal S, Bista PR, Biswal SK, Dhungana A, Doddamani S, Dubey D, Garg A, Hussain T, Iyer H, Kavitha V, Kalai U, Kumar R, Mehta S, Nongpiur VN, Loganathan N, Sryma PB, Pangeni RP, Shrestha P, Singh J, Suri T, Agarwal S, Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Agrawal G, Arora SS, Thangakunam B, Behera D, Jayachandra, Chaudhry D, Chawla R, Chawla R, Chhajed P, Christopher DJ, Daga MK, Das RK, D'Souza G, Dhar R, Dhooria S, Ghoshal AG, Goel M, Gopal B, Goyal R, Gupta N, Jain NK, Jain N, Jindal A, Jindal SK, Kant S, Katiyar S, Katiyar SK, Koul PA, Kumar J, Kumar R, Lall A, Mehta R, Nath A, Pattabhiraman VR, Patel D, Prasad R, Samaria JK, Sehgal IS, Shah S, Sindhwani G, Singh S, Singh V, Singla R, Suri JC, Talwar D, Jayalakshmi TK, Rajagopal TP. Guidelines for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: Joint Indian Chest Society/National College of chest physicians (I)/Indian association for bronchology recommendations. Lung India 2019; 36:S37-S89. [PMID: 32445309 PMCID: PMC6681731 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_108_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is commonly performed by respiratory physicians for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. However, bronchoscopy practices vary widely across India and worldwide. The three major respiratory organizations of the country supported a national-level expert group that formulated a comprehensive guideline document for FB based on a detailed appraisal of available evidence. These guidelines are an attempt to provide the bronchoscopist with the most scientifically sound as well as practical approach of bronchoscopy. It involved framing appropriate questions, review and critical appraisal of the relevant literature and reaching a recommendation by the expert groups. The guidelines cover major areas in basic bronchoscopy including (but not limited to), indications for procedure, patient preparation, various sampling procedures, bronchoscopy in the ICU setting, equipment care, and training issues. The target audience is respiratory physicians working in India and well as other parts of the world. It is hoped that this document would serve as a complete reference guide for all pulmonary physicians performing or desiring to learn the technique of flexible bronchoscopy.
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other |
6 |
50 |
14
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Diwakar A, Dewan RK, Chowdhary A, Randhawa HS, Khanna G, Gaur SN. Zygomycosis ? a case report and overview of the disease in India. Mycoses 2007; 50:247-54. [PMID: 17576314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A case of zygomycosis caused by Rhizopus oryzae in a diabetic patient previously misdiagnosed as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and an overview of the disease in India are presented. The case was diagnosed by direct microscopy, histopathologic examination and culture. Following surgical resection of pulmonary cavity under cover of amphotericin B administration, the patient recovered completely. Of 461 cases reported to-date, approximately 70% had been diagnosed at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, in north India. This may be attributed to better awareness, expertise and infrastructural facilities for mycological diagnosis than to any particular regional preponderance of the disease. Rhino-orbito-cerebral manifestations were the most common feature of zygomycosis (269 cases), followed by cutaneous disease (66 cases), which is in conformity with the pattern prevalent worldwide. The etiologic agents encountered were Rhizopus oryzae, Apophysomyces elegans, Saksenaea vasiformis, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Absidia corymbifera, Basidiobolus ranarum and Conidiobolus coronatus. In contrast to cases from the developed world where transplant recipients and patients with haematological malignancies seem to be most vulnerable to zygomycosis, the most common risk factor in India was uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Amphotericin B was the mainstay of various treatment modalities employed. The relevance of a strong clinical suspicion and early diagnosis of zygomycosis for favourable prognosis can hardly be over-emphasised.
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Mehta D, Gupta S, Gaur SN, Gangal SV, Agrawal KP. Increased leukocyte phospholipase A2 activity and plasma lysophosphatidylcholine levels in asthma and rhinitis and their relationship to airway sensitivity to histamine. THE AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE 1990; 142:157-61. [PMID: 2368964 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/142.1.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine leukocyte phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels in normal subjects and in patients with asthma and rhinitis and to examine their relationship to airway sensitivity to histamine. Leukocyte PLA2 activity and plasma LPC levels were highly correlated (rs = 0.90), and were found significantly raised in both the disease groups, more so in the asthmatics. Both PLA2 activity and LPC levels showed overall negative correlations with the log dose of histamine producing a 35% fall in specific airway conductance (PD35 histamine) when the patients and the normal subjects were examined together (rs = -0.77 and rs = -0.83, respectively). The patients with leukocyte PLA2 activity more than 1.8 U (nmol 14C-AA released/mg protein/10 min at 30 degrees C) or plasma LPC levels more than 8.7% of total phospholipids (mostly asthmatics) showed high airway sensitivity to histamine (PD35 histamine less than or equal to 1 mg/ml). On the other hand, the PD35 histamine values of patients with leukocyte PLA2 activity equal to or less than 1.96 U or plasma LPC levels equal to or less than 8.7% overlapped with those of normal subjects in the range of 1.2 to 10 mg/ml. Lowering of plasma LPC levels, which probably reflect tracheobronchial LPC content as shown in guinea pigs, seems to be an essential step in the return of airway reactivity toward normal.
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Comparative Study |
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47 |
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Mehta AK, Arora N, Gaur SN, Singh BP. Choline supplementation reduces oxidative stress in mouse model of allergic airway disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:934-41. [PMID: 19563446 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a multi-factorial inflammatory disease associated with increased oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defences. We have evaluated the effect of choline on oxidative stress in a mouse model of airway disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice were sensitised with 100 microg of ovalbumin on days 0 and 14, and challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin on days 25-27. Mice were administered 1 mg kg(-1) of choline via oral gavage or intranasal route on days 14-27. Mice were also administered 100 mg kg(-1) of alpha-lipoic acid as standard antioxidant. Total cell counts, eosinophils and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and isoprostanes levels were measured in BAL fluid. IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were also measured in BAL fluid and spleen cell culture supernatant. Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) p65 protein expression was measured after last ovalbumin challenge in nuclear and cytosolic extracts of lungs. RESULTS Compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice, choline and alpha-lipoic acid treated mice had significantly reduced eosinophilic infiltration and EPO activity in BAL fluid. Choline and alpha-lipoic acid treatment reduced ROS production and isoprostanes level significantly in BAL fluid and thus suppressed oxidative stress. Choline and alpha-lipoic acid administration by either route decreased lipid peroxidation levels and down regulated NFkappaB activity. Further, choline and/or alpha-lipoic acid treatment suppressed TNF-alpha level significantly as compared with that of ovalbumin-challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS Choline administration reduces oxidative stress possibly by modulating the redox status of the cell and inhibits inflammatory response in a mouse model.
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17
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O'Rourke SK, Gaur S, Barton NJ. Long-term outcome of articular fractures of the phalanges: an eleven year follow up. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY (EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND) 1989. [PMID: 2746119 DOI: 10.1016/0266-7681(89)90123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-four patients with fifty-nine intra-articular fractures of the phalanges have been followed prospectively for eleven years, at the end of which time only four had significant pain and sixteen others discomfort in cold weather. Improvement in the symptoms and in the range of motion often continued for more than a year after injury. Although 17% of joints developed minor osteophytes or cysts, only one had both radiological evidence of arthritis and persistent pain.
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Amorosa JK, Miller RW, Laraya-Cuasay L, Gaur S, Marone R, Frenkel L, Nosher JL. Bronchiectasis in children with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Plain film and CT observations. Pediatr Radiol 1992; 22:603-6; discussion 606-7. [PMID: 1491942 DOI: 10.1007/bf02015366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In a review of 77 HIV positive children seen between 1981 and 1990, 32 were diagnosed as having lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis). Four of the LIP group developed bronchiectasis, a finding not previously reported. The precise factors leading to the bronchiectasis are unclear. All patients had chronically consolidated lung with volume loss. A history of recurrent bacterial superinfection was not noted in any of the cases. With more cases of HIV positive children living longer, bronchiectasis, long known to occur in primary immunologic disorders, will probably be more frequently noted.
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Case Reports |
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Kumari D, Kumar R, Sridhara S, Arora N, Gaur SN, Singh BP. Sensitization to blackgram in patients with bronchial asthma and rhinitis: clinical evaluation and characterization of allergens. Allergy 2006; 61:104-10. [PMID: 16364164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legumes are important causative agents of type I hypersensitivity in south Asia and Europe but such studies are lacking in Indian population. The present study investigates blackgram sensitization in asthma and rhinitis patients and identifies immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding proteins. METHODS Respiratory allergy patients were evaluated using standard questionnaire and skin prick tests (SPT) with common foods and aeroallergens. Blackgram-specific IgE level was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and sensitization was established by a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). The cross-reactivity of blackgram with other legumes was studied by immunobiochemical methods. RESULT Of 816 patients, 35 gave history of blackgram hypersensitivity. From these, 16 patients were SPT positive and 14 showed elevated specific IgE (three times of negative control) to blackgram. DBPCFC established blackgram sensitivity in four of 14 patients. Immunoblotting with individual patient's sera recognized eight most prevalent allergens of 78, 56, 47, 43, 40, 30, 28 and 16 kDa. Roasted blackgram showed six major allergens whereas 47, 43 and 28 kDa proteins retained IgE reactivity upon boiling. Blackgram extract required 14 ng of self protein for 50% ELISA inhibition whereas roasted and boiled blackgram required 16 and 120 ng protein. ELISA and immunoblot inhibition show partial inhibition to blackgram proteins by lentil, limabean and pea. CONCLUSION Blackgram induces IgE-mediated reactions in 1.7% of asthma and rhinitis patients and contains eight major IgE-binding components, of which six retained IgE reactivity after roasting. Blackgram shares allergenicity with lentil and limabean.
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Comparative Study |
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Newcomb R, Palma A, Fox J, Gaur S, Lau K, Chung D, Cong R, Bell JR, Horne B, Nadasdi L. SNX-325, a novel calcium antagonist from the spider Segestria florentina. Biochemistry 1995; 34:8341-7. [PMID: 7541240 DOI: 10.1021/bi00026a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel selective calcium channel antagonist peptide, SNX-325, has been isolated from the venom of the spider Segestria florentina. The peptide was isolated using as bioassays the displacement of radioiodinated omega-conopeptide SNX-230 (MVIIC) from rat brain synaptosomal membranes, as well as the inhibition of the barium current through cloned expressed calcium channels in oocytes. The primary sequence of SNX-325 is GSCIESGKSCTHSRSMKNGLCCPKSRCNCRQIQHRHDYLGKRKYSCRCS, which is a novel amino acid sequence. Solid-phase synthesis resulted in a peptide that is chromatographically identical with the native peptide and which has the same configuration of cysteine residues as the spider venom peptide omega-Aga-IVa [Mintz, I. M., et al., (1992) Nature 355, 827-829]. At micromolar concentrations, SNX-325 is an inhibitor of most calcium, but not sodium or potassium, currents. At nanomolar concentrations, SNX-325 is a selective blocker of the cloned expressed class B (N-type), but not class C (cardiac L), A, or E, calcium channels. SNX-325 is approximately equipotent with the N-channel selective omega-conopeptides (GVIA and MVIIA as well as closely related synthetic derivatives) in blocking the potassium induced release of tritiated norepinephrine from hippocampal slices (IC50s, 0.1-0.5 nM) and in blocking the barium current through cloned expressed N-channels in oocytes (IC50s 3-30 nM). By contrast, SNX-325 is 4-5 orders of magnitude less potent than is SNX-111 (synthetic MVIIA) at displacing radioiodinated SNX-111 from rat brain synaptosomal membranes. SNX-325 will be a useful comparative tool in further defining the function and pharmacology of the N- and possibly other types of high-voltage activated calcium channels.
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Comparative Study |
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Frenkel LD, Gaur S, Tsolia M, Scudder R, Howell R, Kesarwala H. Cytomegalovirus infection in children with AIDS. REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1990; 12 Suppl 7:S820-6. [PMID: 2173111 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/12.supplement_7.s820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Data for 38 children perinatally exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated to determine the impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the course of perinatally acquired HIV infection. Thirteen children belonged to the P0 (indeterminate) group, one to the P1 (asymptomatic) group, and 24 to the P2 (symptomatic) group, per the classification of the Centers for Disease Control. Of the 24 children in the P2 group, 10 died. The mean follow-up time was 22.8 months for the 10 children who died and 16.3 months for the 13 children in the P0 group. Serial cultures of urine were performed for all 38 patients. CMV was isolated from seven of 10 children who died and from four of 14 children who survived (P less than .05). Only one of the 13 P0 children was culture-positive for CMV, as compared with 11 of 24 P2 children (P less than .05). All CMV-infected children continued to demonstrate CMV viruria in serial cultures. The mean age at the time of the first culture positive for CMV was 13 months. Microcephaly was present in 15 (65%) of 23 P2 children but in none of the P0 and P1 children (P less than .05). Eight of 11 CMV-infected children were microcephalic; seven of 12 children not infected with CMV were microcephalic (P greater than .05). These data suggest that the prevalence of active CMV infection is significantly higher in P2 children than in P0 and P1 children. In addition, there is a significant association between CMV infection and mortality among P2 children.
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Singh AK, Mehta AK, Sridhara S, Gaur SN, Singh BP, Sarma PU, Arora N. Allergenicity assessment of transgenic mustard (Brassica juncea) expressing bacterial codA gene. Allergy 2006; 61:491-7. [PMID: 16512812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the allergenicity and toxicity of genetically modified (GM) crops is essential before they become a regular part of our food supply. The present study aimed to assess the allergenicity of Brassica juncea (mustard) expressing choline oxidase (codA) gene from Arthrobacter globiformis that provides resistance against abiotic stresses. METHODS SDAP, Farrp, and Swiss-Prot databases were used to study allergenicity of choline oxidase. Digestibility of choline oxidase was assessed in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity of native and GM mustard was compared by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and skin tests in respiratory-allergic patients. Allergenicity of GM and native mustard proteins was compared in Balb/c mice. RESULTS Choline oxidase showed no significant homology with allergenic proteins in SDAP and Farrp databases. Cross-reactive epitope search showed a stretch similar to Hev b 6 having some antigenic properties. Purified choline oxidase showed complete degradation with SGF. Skin prick test of native and GM mustard extract on respiratory allergic patients showed significant correlation (P < 0.05). ELISA with 96 patients' sera showed comparable IgE reactivity. Balb/c mice immunized with native and GM mustard proteins showed low IgE response. Presensitized mice on intravenous challenge with Brassica extract showed no anaphylactic symptoms unlike ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization that showed anaphylactic reaction in mice. Lung histology of OVA-sensitized mice showed narrowing of airway and large eosinophilic infiltration, whereas native and GM Brassica extract showed normal airway. CONCLUSION Genetically modified mustard with the codA gene possessed allergenicity similar to that of native mustard and no enhancement of IgE binding was observed due to genetic manipulation.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Garg NK, Gaur S. Percutaneous autogenous bone-marrow grafting in congenital tibial pseudarthrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.77b5.7559719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bentley JM, Adams DR, Bebbington D, Benwell KR, Bickerdike MJ, Davidson JEP, Dawson CE, Dourish CT, Duncton MAJ, Gaur S, George AR, Giles PR, Hamlyn RJ, Kennett GA, Knight AR, Malcolm CS, Mansell HL, Misra A, Monck NJT, Pratt RM, Quirk K, Roffey JRA, Vickers SP, Cliffe IA. Indoline derivatives as 5-HT(2C) receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2367-70. [PMID: 15081042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2003] [Revised: 05/28/2003] [Accepted: 05/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-(1-indolinyl)-2-propylamines was synthesised and evaluated as 5-HT(2C) receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity. The general methods of synthesis of the precursor indoles are described. The functional efficacy and radioligand binding data for all of the compounds at 5-HT(2) receptor subtypes are reported. A number of compounds were found to reduce food intake in rats after oral administration.
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Journal Article |
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Abstract
An evaluation has been made of the protective effect of immunizing pigs with excretory-secretory homologous antigens on Taenia solium infections. This procedure reduced the number of cysticerci established from a challenge infection.
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