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Comparison of guidelines for the management of rectal cancer. BJS Open 2018; 2:433-451. [PMID: 30511044 PMCID: PMC6254003 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparison between NCCN, ESMO and JSCCR Guidelines is presented, concerning the treatment of rectal cancer, with an analysis and discussion of their discrepancies. Differences indicate areas for research.
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Multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Greece: predominance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes endemic in the Former Soviet Union countries. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:1002-1004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A systematic review of sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence following ileal pouch anal anastomosis. Updates Surg 2017; 70:1-5. [PMID: 29086238 PMCID: PMC5866279 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-017-0496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Faecal incontinence is a common complication of ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) and seems to worsen with time. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence of the use of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for patients with faecal incontinence after IPAA. A literature search was performed on PubMed and Cochrane databases for all relevant articles. All studies, which reported the outcome of SNS in patients with faecal incontinence after IPAA, were reviewed. Three papers were identified, including a case report, cohort study and retrospective study. The total number of patients was 12. The follow-up duration included 3 months, 6 months and 24 months. After peripheral nerve evaluation, definitive implantation was performed in 10 (83.3%) patients. All three studies reported positive outcomes, with CCF scores and incontinence episodes improving significantly. Preliminary results suggest good outcome after permanent SNS implant. Studies with larger sample sizes, well-defined patient characteristics and standardized outcome measures are required to fully investigate the effect of SNS in IPAA patients.
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Abstracts of the 13th Bethune Round Table Conference on International Surgery. May 10-11, 2013. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Can J Surg 2013; 56:S44-52. [PMID: 23883512 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.015713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Impact of the Gen-Probe Amplified MTD® Test on tuberculosis diagnosis in children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:384-90. [PMID: 22230051 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of the Gen-Probe Amplified MTD® Test (AMTD) for childhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis compared to conventional culture. DESIGN We retrospectively studied 121 childhood cases (73 males; median age 7 years, range 1-16). Pulmonary samples (104/152, 68%) included gastric aspirates (n = 53), induced sputum samples (n = 43), bronchial aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 8). Extra-pulmonary samples (48/152, 32%) included lymph nodes (n = 34) and other sterile fluids (n = 14). Specimens were examined using acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy, AMTD and bacterial culture using BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960 and Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) media. RESULTS A clinical diagnosis of TB was made in 50/121 (41%) children (43/50 pulmonary disease). AFB microscopy was positive in 6%; Mycobacterium tuberculosis was recovered by culture from 16/50 (32%) and AMTD was positive in 29/50 (58%). AMTD sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value compared to culture were respectively 100%, 85%, 50% and 100%. For pulmonary vs. extra-pulmonary disease, the performance of AMTD compared to culture was respectively 100%, 77%, 46% and 100% vs. 100%, 97.5%, 75% and 100%. CONCLUSIONS Nucleic acid amplification tests are more sensitive and very specific methods for the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis. The AMTD technique increases TB detection in children compared to conventional culture.
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Atorvastatin therapy is associated with improvement of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, which correlates with the degree of stenosis in patients with carotid atheromatosis with and without prior angioplasty. INT ANGIOL 2010; 29:338-347. [PMID: 20671652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a pivotal factor of the atheromatous process. Statins reduce atheromatosis and cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of statin therapy on circulating oxLDL and the possible impact of such effect on stenosis due to carotid artery atheromatosis. METHODS A total of 100 patients (76 males, median age 68 years) with carotid atheromatosis were enrolled. Those with stenosis >70% (n=50) were pre-treated with carotid angioplasty, whereas those with <70% were treated conservatively. Both groups were given low-dose atrorvastatin, tittered to maintain LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL. Anthropometrics, complete lipid profile, and oxLDL were obtained in 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Stenosis was evaluated by ultrasonography at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS Lipid profile significantly improved at 12 months and oxLDL fell from 62.26+/-22.03 mg/dL at baseline to 44.49+/-21.75 mg/dL at 12 months (P<0.001). In the invasively pretreated group no restenosis was noticed; in the conservatively treated group a significant reduction of stenosis was demonstrated (47.6+/-13.2% vs 37.7+/-15.7%, P<0.001). The decrease of oxLDL correlated with the reduction of stenosis (r=0.17, P=0.018). In multivariate analysis, oxLDL was an independent risk factor for re-stenosis (hazard ratio=4.319, P<0.001). CONCLUSION A marked reduction of oxLDL was shown in patients with carotid atheromatosis treated with low-dose atorvastatin. Moreover, oxLDL could be a measure of the degree of stenosis in such patients.
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Tuberculosis in Greece: bacteriologically confirmed cases and anti-tuberculosis drug resistance, 1995-2009. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.28.19614-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Greek National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria is a major source of tuberculosis (TB)-related data for Greece, where the TB burden and epidemiology still need to be better defined. We present data regarding newly diagnosed TB cases and resistance to anti-TB drugs during the last 15 years in Greece. Although the total number of newly detected ?? cases has declined, cases among immigrants are increasing. Resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs is widely prevalent, although stable or declining. The implementation of an efficient and effective countrywide TB surveillance system in Greece is urgently needed.
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Tuberculosis in Greece: bacteriologically confirmed cases and anti-tuberculosis drug resistance, 1995-2009. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19614. [PMID: 20650053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Greek National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria is a major source of tuberculosis (TB)-related data for Greece, where the TB burden and epidemiology still need to be better defined. We present data regarding newly diagnosed TB cases and resistance to anti-TB drugs during the last 15 years in Greece. Although the total number of newly detected TB cases has declined, cases among immigrants are increasing. Resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs is widely prevalent, although stable or declining. The implementation of an efficient and effective countrywide TB surveillance system in Greece is urgently needed.
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Antimicrobial resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from children in Greece, 1994-2004. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11:424-8. [PMID: 17394689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the prevalence of resistance to various agents of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains derived from children over 1994-2004. DESIGN We prospectively studied the susceptibility patterns of 77 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from the same number of children, which provided 112 positive samples. RESULTS Most children were boys (53.2%), native Greeks (87%) and aged under 2 years (41.5%). Sample origin was mainly gastric fluid (97 cases, 86.6%). Sixty-one isolates (79.2%) were susceptible to all anti-tuberculosis agents and 16 (20.8%) were resistant to > or =1 drug. Multidrug resistance (MDR), resistance to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP), was seen in three cases (3.9%). On comparing resistance to INH, RMP and streptomycin (SM) and MDR in children and adults diagnosed with tuberculosis in our centre during the same time period, SM resistance was significantly more common in children (P < 0.001), while a trend for increased resistance to INH was also observed in children (P = 0.079). CONCLUSION Resistance of M. tuberculosis isolates to the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs appears to be comparable in children and adults in Greece, while SM resistance appears to be more common in children. Tracing the sources of these children is important for the effective surveillance and treatment of tuberculosis.
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P1536 High occurrence of staphylococcal toxins among S. aureus isolated from children with cystic fibrosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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P1994 Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) in Athens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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P1993 Extrapulmonary mycobacteria isolations. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Extending from PARs in Caenorhabditis elegans to homologues in Haemonchus contortus and other parasitic nematodes. Parasitology 2006; 134:461-82. [PMID: 17107637 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182006001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction molecules play key roles in the regulation of developmental processes, such as morphogenesis, organogenesis and cell differentiation in all organisms. They are organized into 'pathways' that represent a coordinated network of cell-surface receptors and intracellular molecules, being involved in sensing environmental stimuli and transducing signals to regulate or modulate cellular processes, such as gene expression and cytoskeletal dynamics. A particularly important group of molecules implicated in the regulation of the cytoskeleton for the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity is the PAR proteins (derived from partition defective in asymmetric cell division). The present article reviews salient aspects of PAR proteins involved in the early embryonic development and morphogenesis of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and some other organisms, with an emphasis on the molecule PAR-1. Recent advances in the knowledge and understanding of PAR-1 homologues from the economically important parasitic nematode, Haemonchus contortus, of small ruminants is summarized and discussed in the context of exploring avenues for future research in this area for parasitic nematodes.
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Prospects for exploring molecular developmental processes in Haemonchus contortus. Int J Parasitol 2006; 36:859-68. [PMID: 16759659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus of small ruminants is a parasitic nematode of major socio-economic importance world-wide. While there is considerable knowledge of the morphological changes which take place during the life cycle of H. contortus, very little is understood about the molecular and biochemical processes which govern developmental changes in the parasite. Recent technological advances and the imminent genomic sequence for H. contortus provide unique opportunities to investigate the molecular basis of such processes in parasitic nematodes. This article reviews molecular and biochemical aspects of development in H. contortus, reports on some recent progress on signal transduction molecules in this parasite and emphasises the opportunities that new technologies and the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, offer for investigating developmental aspects in H. contortus and related strongylid nematodes, also in relation to developing novel approaches for control.
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Isolation and characterization of class II myosin genes from Haemonchus contortus. Parasitol Res 2006; 99:200-3. [PMID: 16547732 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, cDNAs encoding myosin from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus were isolated and characterized. Several exhibited a considerable degree of sequence variation at the nucleotide and limited divergence at the amino acid levels within the various functional domains. The results suggest that the cDNAs isolated represented a single myosin heavy chain, which, by comparison with a number of other myosins, is inferred to represent a homologue of a muscle myosin (CeMHCA) of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The findings could have implications for investigating cytoskeletal dynamics and/or signalling pathways.
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Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in different populations in Greece during 1993-2002. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10:559-64. [PMID: 16704040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the prevalence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP) and both combined (multidrug resistance [MDR]) in Greece from 1993 to 2002. DESIGN We studied a single sputum sample per patient from 4108 patients referred to the Greek National Referral Centre for Mycobacteria. Patients were divided into native Greeks, immigrants and repatriated Greeks originating from the former Soviet Union. Prior treatment status was not recorded. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in resistance to INH and RMP and MDR was noted comparing the years 1993-1997 to 1998-2002 (P < 0.0001). Resistance to INH and RMP and MDR rose from 5.6% to 7.71%, from 1.57% to 4.49% and from 1.23% to 3.98%, respectively, among native Greeks and from 23.63% to 32.91%, from 6.36% to 15.19% and from 6.36% to 13.92% among repatriated Greeks. Smaller changes were seen among immigrants (from 15.43% to 9.57% for INH, from 5.51% to 6.12% for RMP and from 5.71% to 5.32% for MDR). CONCLUSION We documented an increase in M. tuberculosis resistance to INH and RMP, and MDR. This was mainly limited to native and repatriated Greeks. Although this is likely the result of immigration and of mismanagement of index cases in Greece, molecular methods are needed to better describe the situation.
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Class II myosins in nematodes — genetic relationships, fundamental and applied implications. Biotechnol Adv 2006; 24:338-50. [PMID: 16490342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myosins are represented by a wide range of different classes of molecule, of which the most extensively studied are the class II myosins which drive muscle contraction and cell organization; the functional unit of class II myosins comprises two myosin heavy chains (MHCs). This minireview gives an update on class II MHCs of nematodes and describes a comparative analysis of MHC genes from nematodes and other organismal groups. Genetic analyses of sequence data for the four functional domains of MHCs (i.e., the SH3-like N-terminal, head, neck and tail domains) reveal a delineation between both the nematode and non-nematode myosins and between muscle and non-muscle myosins. The distinctiveness of the MHCs of nematodes suggests functional and tissue specialization. The elucidation of the functional roles of myosins and other molecules in specific signaling pathways in nematodes has the potential to lead to new intervention strategies for parasites via the specific disruption or interruption of key developmental processes, having biotechnological implications in the longer term.
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[Transanal endorectal pull-through with or without laparoscopic assistance? Development of an experimental model]. LA PEDIATRIA MEDICA E CHIRURGICA 2004; 26:253-5. [PMID: 16366412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transanal approach is a relatively new technique for surgery of Hirschsprung's disease. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate and compare the transanal endorectal pull-through when it takes place with laparoscopic assistance, according to Soave-Georgeson procedure and without laparoscopic assistance. We used two separated groups of animals. In the 1st group the transanal endorectal pull-through was performed by retrograde transanal mucosectomy with laparoscopic devascularization of the colon and in the 2nd group the transanal endorectal pull-through was performed without laparoscopic assistance. In the 1st group the transitional zone of the colon was determined laparoscopically while in the 2nd group during the perineal devascularization of the bowel. In both groups end to end coloanal anastomosis was performed in the same way. The postoperative course was uneventful, no severe long-term problems were observed. Four months after operation the experimental subjects of the 1st group had 3-4 discharges in 24 hours. While the experimental subjects of the 2nd group had 5-7 discharges in 24 hours. Manometric resting anal sphincters pressure in the 1st group averaged 77 +/- 16 mmHg compared with 74 +/- 15 mmHg in the 2nd group. The transanal colectomy technically can be performed with or without laparoscopic assistance. However the advantages of laparoscopic assistance are the following: 1) more exact determination of transitional zone; 2) easier separation of peritoneal reflection, 3) better control of final position of the colon; 4) minor retraction on the perineal muscles.
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Abstract
Differential regulation of gene expression in the development of Haemonchus contortus was analysed using RNA arbitrarily-primed PCR. A study of third-stage larval and adult H. contortus revealed large differences between the two stages; 32 and 30% unique third-stage larval and adult RNA arbitrarily-primed PCR products, respectively. This finding is consistent with a high degree of differential gene expression between these developmental stages. A number of adult products were sequenced, revealing 11 molecules to be similar to deposits within sequence databases. Four other molecules that did not have significant similarity to sequences in the databases may represent developmentally regulated genes specific to H. contortus. Northern analysis of the putative adult-expressed molecules with homologues in the databases confirmed that four were expressed only in adults, while four were expressed in both stages, but had different sized transcripts. This may reflect differential splicing, or expression of closely related but different molecules at different life cycle stages. Two molecules were present in mRNA populations from both stages, suggesting these were false stage-associated molecules. No transcript was detected for one molecule by Northern analysis, probably due to low level of expression. In situ hybridisation analysis was used to localise expression of transcripts in the adult parasite, in particular, to gain some insight into the nature of those molecules with no known predicted function.
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Synthesis of a trinuclear ruthenium cluster containing pyridine and 4-acetylpyridine ligands and its immobilization on functionalized silica. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00807086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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