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Mondain F, Brunel F, Hua X, Gouzien E, Zavatta A, Lunghi T, Doutre F, De Micheli MP, Tanzilli S, D'Auria V. Photorefractive effect in LiNbO 3-based integrated-optical circuits for continuous variable experiments. Opt Express 2020; 28:23176-23188. [PMID: 32752318 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of the photorefractive effect on lithium niobate integrated quantum photonic circuits dedicated to continuous variable on-chip experiments. The circuit main building blocks, i.e. cavities, directional couplers, and periodically poled nonlinear waveguides, are studied. This work demonstrates that photorefractivity, even when its effect is weaker than spatial mode hopping, might compromise the success of on-chip quantum photonics experiments. We describe in detail the characterization methods leading to the identification of this possible issue. We also study to which extent device heating represents a viable solution to counter this effect. We focus on photorefractive effect induced by light at 775 nm, in the context of the generation of non-classical light at 1550 nm telecom wavelength.
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Lunghi T, Doutre F, Rambu AP, Bellec M, De Micheli MP, Apetrei AM, Alibart O, Belabas N, Tascu S, Tanzilli S. Broadband integrated beam splitter using spatial adiabatic passage. Opt Express 2018; 26:27058-27063. [PMID: 30469780 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.027058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light routing and manipulation are important aspects of integrated optics. They essentially rely on beam splitters which are at the heart of interferometric setups and active routing. The most common implementations of beam splitters suffer either from strong dispersive response (directional couplers) or tight fabrication tolerances (multimode interference couplers). In this paper we fabricate a robust and simple broadband integrated beam splitter based on lithium niobate with a splitting ratio achromatic over more than 130 nm. Our architecture is based on spatial adiabatic passage, a technique originally used to transfer entirely an optical beam from a waveguide to another one that has been shown to be remarkably robust against fabrication imperfections and wavelength dispersion. Our device shows a splitting ratio of 0.52±0.03 and 0.48±0.03 from 1500 nm up to 1630 nm. Furthermore, we show that suitable design enables the splitting in output beams with relative phase 0 or π. Thanks to their independence to material dispersion, these devices represent simple, elementary components to create achromatic and versatile photonic circuits.
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Mazeas F, Traetta M, Bentivegna M, Kaiser F, Aktas D, Zhang W, Ramos CA, Ngah LA, Lunghi T, Picholle É, Belabas-Plougonven N, Le Roux X, Cassan É, Marris-Morini D, Vivien L, Sauder G, Labonté L, Tanzilli S. High quality entanglement on a chip-based frequency comb. Opt Express 2016; 24:28731-28738. [PMID: 27958516 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.028731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient energy-time entangled photon-pair source based on four-wave mixing in a CMOS-compatible silicon photonics ring resonator. Thanks to suitable optimization, the source shows a large spectral brightness of 400 pairs of entangled photons /s/MHz for 500 μW pump power, compatible with standard telecom dense wavelength division multiplexers. We demonstrate high-purity energy-time entanglement, i.e., free of photonic noise, with near perfect raw visibilities (> 98%) between various channel pairs in the telecom C-band. Such a compact source stands as a path towards more complex quantum photonic circuits dedicated to quantum communication systems.
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McMillan AR, Labonté L, Clark AS, Bell B, Alibart O, Martin A, Wadsworth WJ, Tanzilli S, Rarity JG. Two-photon interference between disparate sources for quantum networking. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2032. [PMID: 23783585 PMCID: PMC3687221 DOI: 10.1038/srep02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum networks involve entanglement sharing between multiple users. Ideally, any two users would be able to connect regardless of the type of photon source they employ, provided they fulfill the requirements for two-photon interference. From a theoretical perspective, photons coming from different origins can interfere with a perfect visibility, provided they are made indistinguishable in all degrees of freedom. Previous experimental demonstrations of such a scenario have been limited to photon wavelengths below 900 nm, unsuitable for long distance communication, and suffered from low interference visibility. We report two-photon interference using two disparate heralded single photon sources, which involve different nonlinear effects, operating in the telecom wavelength range. The measured visibility of the two-photon interference is 80 ± 4%, which paves the way to hybrid universal quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R McMillan
- Centre for Communications Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
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Martin A, Cristofori V, Aboussouan P, Herrmann H, Sohler W, Ostrowsky DB, Alibart O, Tanzilli S. Integrated optical source of polarization entangled photons at 1310 nm. Opt Express 2009; 17:1033-1041. [PMID: 19158921 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the realization of a new polarization entangled photon-pair source based on a titanium-indiffused waveguide integrated on periodically poled lithium niobate pumped by a CW laser at 655 nm. The paired photons are emitted at the telecom wavelength of 1310 nm within a bandwidth of 0.7 nm. The quantum properties of the pairs are measured using a two-photon coalescence experiment showing a visibility of 85%. The evaluated source brightness, on the order of 10(5) pairs s(-1)GHz(-1)mW(-1), associated with its compactness and reliability, demonstrates the source's high potential for long-distance quantum communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 6622, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
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Tanzilli S, Tittel W, Halder M, Alibart O, Baldi P, Gisin N, Zbinden H. A photonic quantum information interface. Nature 2005; 437:116-20. [PMID: 16136138 DOI: 10.1038/nature04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quantum communication requires the transfer of quantum states, or quantum bits of information (qubits), from one place to another. From a fundamental perspective, this allows the distribution of entanglement and the demonstration of quantum non-locality over significant distances. Within the context of applications, quantum cryptography offers a provably secure way to establish a confidential key between distant partners. Photons represent the natural flying qubit carriers for quantum communication, and the presence of telecommunications optical fibres makes the wavelengths of 1,310 nm and 1,550 nm particularly suitable for distribution over long distances. However, qubits encoded into alkaline atoms that absorb and emit at wavelengths around 800 nm have been considered for the storage and processing of quantum information. Hence, future quantum information networks made of telecommunications channels and alkaline memories will require interfaces that enable qubit transfers between these useful wavelengths, while preserving quantum coherence and entanglement. Here we report a demonstration of qubit transfer between photons of wavelength 1,310 nm and 710 nm. The mechanism is a nonlinear up-conversion process, with a success probability of greater than 5 per cent. In the event of a successful qubit transfer, we observe strong two-photon interference between the 710 nm photon and a third photon at 1,550 nm, initially entangled with the 1,310 nm photon, although they never directly interacted. The corresponding fidelity is higher than 98 per cent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanzilli
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Altepeter JB, Jeffrey ER, Kwiat PG, Tanzilli S, Gisin N, Acín A. Experimental methods for detecting entanglement. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:033601. [PMID: 16090742 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we present experimental realizations of two new entanglement detection methods: a three-measurement Bell inequality inequivalent to the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality and a nonlinear Bell-type inequality based on the negativity measure. In addition, we provide an experimental and theoretical comparison between these new methods and several techniques already in use: the traditional Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality, the entanglement witness, and complete state tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Altepeter
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA.
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Abstract
We report on a guided-wave asynchronous heralded single-photon source based on the creation of nondegenerate photon pairs by spontaneous parametric downconversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate wave-guide. We show that, by use of the signal photon at 1310 nm as a trigger, a gated detection process permits announcement of the arrival of single photons at 1550 nm at the output of a single-mode optical fiber with a high probability of 0.37. At the same time the multiphoton emission probability is reduced by a factor of 10 compared with Poissonian light sources. Furthermore, the model we have developed to calculate those figures of merit is shown to be accurate. This study can therefore serve as a paradigm for the conception of new quantum communication and computation networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Alibart
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6622, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose 06108, Nice 2, France.
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Ostrowsky DB, Baldi PA, De Micheli MP, Tanzilli S, De Riedmatten H, Tittel W, Zbinden H, Gisin N. Introduction to guided-wave quantum optics (GWQO): science, technology, and magic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1117/12.441291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Fabris C, Licata D, Stasiowska B, Tanzilli S, Bertolini R. [Newborn infants from epileptic mothers: malformation and auxonologic risk]. Pediatr Med Chir 1989; 11:27-31. [PMID: 2717482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A case-control study was performed to determine if newborns of epileptic mothers have a higher probability of having congenital malformations. Forty seven newborns of epileptic mothers and an equivalent number of controls with no history of epileptic disease and paired for mother's age, parity, type of education were examined. Thirty one mothers had been treated during the first term of pregnancy and 16 had not. A large number of anthropometric parameters were measured in each newborn to minimize the subjective component in diagnosing even minimal malformations and fetal growth abnormalities. To evaluate weight, length and head circumference the neonatal standards of Largo et al. were used. For all other measures the standards of Merlob et al. were used. Single absolute values of the parameters measured were converted into standard points to eliminate the effect of the sex and gestational age variables. The incidence of malformations was not seen to be significantly different in the newborns of epileptic mothers as a whole and divided into the two subgroups (treated and untreated) versus controls. The fetal syndromes described in literature were not observed. Of all the anthropometric measures examined only length was significantly reduced in newborns of epileptic mothers. Maternal epilepsy and its treatment do not appear to be a considerable risk factor for the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fabris
- Istituto di Discipline Pediatriche - Università di Torino, Italia
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Fabris C, Licata D, Stasiowska B, Bertino E, Tanzilli S. [Proposal concerning neonatal craniometry]. Minerva Pediatr 1988; 40:589-94. [PMID: 3244335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Fabris C, Martano C, Licata D, Voglino GF, Bellando C, Roberi PL, Tanzilli S, Tornetta P. [Serum alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes in the neonatal period]. Minerva Pediatr 1985; 37:919-21. [PMID: 3834304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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