[An ultrastructural study of the cervix epitelium infected with the human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 before and after treatment with contrasting thermo-laser therapy]

The results of the ultrastructural study of the epithelium of the patient cervix infected by the human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 before and after treatment by contrasting thermo-laser therapy (CTLT) are presented. It was shown in this work that 1.5 and 6 months after treatment HPV DNA was not detected in the biopsy and the smear of the cervix using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the ultrathin sections, the structure of the epithelial cells from the biopsy after treatment corresponded to norm. There was effective elimination of HPV types 16 and 18 as Induces by CTLT method.

[Effect of low temperature plasma on various mycoplasma species]

AIM

Study the influence of low temperature (cold) electrolyte plasma (CEP) on survivability of some mycoplasma strains growing in agar as well as mycoplasma that most frequently contaminate transplantable human cell lines of normal and malignant origin with the aim of decontamination.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma arginini and Aholeplasma laidlawii grown in agar and mycoplasma that contaminated transplantable human cell lines of normal (MT4) and malignant (HeLa) origin. Plasma source--Plasmatom device that generates CEP at normal atmosphere pressure and environment temperature. Exposure to plasma was carried out with adherence to the same modes for all the variants of biological substrate. The duration of exposure was selected randomly from 15 to 300 seconds.

RESULTS

A pronounced bactericidal effect of high doses of CEP on all the tested mycoplasma variants exposed immediately after seeding into agar was shown. However after a passage a residual number of survived colonies was registered. Passage of colonies exposed in grown state even to high doses of CEP also showed survival of a residual number of bacteria in all the tested mycoplasma species. Exposure of M. hominis immediately after seeding to low doses of CEP resulted in formation of unusual mini-colonies identical to those isolated from humans infected by the same mycoplasma. During microbiological seeding into agar of cultural fluid from 2 spontaneously contaminated strains of transplantable human cells and exposed to CEP growth ofmycoplasma was not detected.

CONCLUSION

CEP has pronounced bactericidal properties on various mycoplasma strains growing in both agar and contaminating eukaryotic cells. However even at high doses of exposure to CEP an insignificant part of bacterial cells growing in agar still survives. This may indicate a high degree of heterogeneity and adaptation of mycoplasma subjected to even such hard exposure as cold plasma with plasma-chemical mechanism of destruction of biological substrate.

[Activation of reconstructive processes in rat tissues under the action of radiofrequency current with a periodic impulse mode of modulation]

The action of a current in the radio frequency range with a periodic impulse mode of modulation on the activation of recovery processes in the skin and skeletal muscles has been studied. The action of a radio frequency current with a power of 1 W, as opposed to that of the weaker action (0.1 W) and stronger (4 W) action, leads to the activation of recovery processes in the skin and skeletal muscles. Recovery processes are manifested in the increase in proliferation and activation of angiogenesis in the skin, and also in formation of new muscle fibers. Recovery processes in muscles are accompanied by activation and migration of satellite cells of muscle tissue in the zone of action of the radio frequency current.

[A mathematical model of electrosurgical endoscopical polypectomy]

A mathematical model of electrosurgical polypectomy was suggested. The problem of emitted heat distribution in biological tissues exposed to endosurgical loop electrode was solved. Analysis of the obtained solution made it possible to determine the dependence of the results of electrosurgery on the parameters of the loop electrode and the loop size. Optimization of load performance allowed the efficiency of electrosurgical polypectomy to be increased.

[The technology of high-frequency cold-hot plasma ablation for small invasive electrosurgery]

The mechanism of high-frequency cold-plasma ablation is radically different from thermal impact by high-frequency current in traditional high-frequency surgery. As for the former, the effect is insured due to a local low-temperature molecular disintegration of tissue with the tissue being simultaneously removed from the surgery zone. The technology is based on induction of a stable plasma stratum in the plasma-forming medium by using a high-frequency generator. Kinetic processes occurring in a stationary strongly ionized plasma are under discussion in the paper. The function of the distribution of carriers of the ion containing (Na+, Cl-, K+, Cl-) plasma charge is shown to be close to Maxwellian distribution. The described evaluations of parameters are fundamental criteria for designing a unit that ensures the process of high-frequency cold-plasma ablation. Finally, the stability criteria were analyzed for the low-temperature plasma field.

[State of the art and outlook for the development of physical therapy equipment]

Analytical materials related with the importance of physical therapy in the treatment of patients are presented in the article. Physical factors for the indication of physical therapy were analyzed. Peculiarities of using the physical-therapy devices of different types were discussed.

[A new method of high-frequency electrosurgery (coblation technology)]

A new method of electrosurgical intervention, i.e. a high-frequency cold-plasma ablation or coblation-technology, is presented in the article. The method is based on an ionic "bombardment" of the biological tissue at the intervention site, which leads to ruptures of intermolecular cohesions. The method has been widely used in arthrosurgery, cardiosurgery, otorhinolaryngology, spinal surgery and cosmetology. The "ArthroCare" Company (USA) was the first to start developing the discussed method. As for Russia, the Research Institute for Medical Instrument-Making of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and Stavropol State Medical Academy are the leaders in promoting the technology in question.

[The study of hydrolysis of new lipid-like substrates and trilaurin in monolayers catalyzed with the lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens]

A simple method for determining the enzymic hydrolysis parameters of lipid-like substrates and trilaurin assembled in monolayers at the water-air interface was suggested. At a surface pressure of 10 mN/m, the initial rates of lipolysis were found to be proportional to the decrease in area of the substrate monolayer caused by the enzymic hydrolysis in a single-compartment Langmuir balance. The kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of trilaurin and three 1,3-dilaurylpseudoglycerides acetylated in position 2 with an amino acid (phenylalanine, leucine, or valine) catalyzed with lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens were determined. Unlike models of enzymic hydrolysis that neglect the thickness of the substrate monolayer, our method allows the determination of kinetic parameters in standard dimensions. The values of kcat for the synthetic pseudoglycerides were found to be significantly higher than that for trilaurin, while the values of Km(app) were close. This may be due to the presence of positively charged primary amino groups in the molecules of pseudoglycerides.

[Possibilities of enhancing the effectiveness of electrosurgical effects]

To enhance the efficiency of electrosurgical exposures is a highly topical task. The paper deals with the aspects of enhancing the efficiency by optimizing the basic parameters of electro-surgical equipment and by combining various energy exposures for surgical tissue.

[Russian electrophysiotherapeutic apparatus. The problems of its design and production]

The topical organizational problems of design, production, and use of physiotherapeutical equipment (PTE) are discussed. PTE is considered to be basic tools employed in physiotherapy. The therapeutical effect of PTE on man is produced by currents of different frequency and shape by means of electrodes (which come in contact with a patient's body) or an electromagnetic field having different frequency-modulation characteristics via non-contact method by means of radiating elements. The devices which transform electromagnetic to mechanical energy may be subsumed under a separate group that includes ultrasonic therapeutical apparatuses, mechanical massage and mechanical stimulation equipment. The leading PTE designer is "VNNIMP-VITA Co. which has developed and launched about 20 varying = purpose PTE models into practice. The interest displayed by the conversed enterprises of the military industrial complex in the manufacture of medical equipment items and primarily PTE has recently caused unsystematic development of new PTE which have not been positively assessed and introduced into medical practice. New PTE models should be designed by strengthening the relations between those who design this type of medical equipment and the new structures of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

[Improvement of effectiveness of high frequency electrosurgical equipment]

The paper summarizes the results of the activities of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medical Industry on the development of electric stimulating equipment for anesthesiology and the experience in its application. It also deals with electrostimulations, such as transcranial (transcerebral) electroanalgesia, transdermal (transcutaneous) electroneurostimulation, epidural (peridural) electrostimulation, perineural electric neurostimulation, testing electrostimulation of peripheral nerves in making regional anesthesia, electric neurostimulating testing of neuromuscular transmission. The developed monofunctional Delta-101, Delta-102, Delta-301, Synapse-1 electric neurostimulators and a polyfunctional Anestim-PF apparatus used in anesthesiological care and other related medical fields.

[Electrosurgical device EKhBCh-25-1-C]

The outfit is intended for cutting, coagulation and microcoagulation of the biological tissue by high-frequency current during surgical interventions in stomatology. The outfit ensures smooth control of outlet power. It is fitted out with a timer for automatic time lag of electrosurgical exposure. The generator is triggered by pressing the pedal or push button of the electrode holder. The outfit is also equipped with a kit of instruments. A short technical specification of the outfit is given.

[Development of a high-frequency electrosurgical endoscopy apparatus]

A brief analysis has been made of the basic operational features of the high-frequency electrosurgical endoscopy apparatus (HFEA). Recommendations for choosing the output parameters are given, the solution of the problem of designing HFEA for endoscopy was considered by using the "Endotome-I" apparatus as an example.

[Electrical safety of endoscopic equipment]

The article considers in detail the problems affecting the safety of the patients and the medical personnel during endoscopic examinations, gives practical recommendations both to the endoscope makers and users.

[Effect of high-amplitude electrical impulses on the strength of the coagulative adhesion of the blood vessels]

Strength of coagulative commisure of the blood vessel tissues in their coagulation with high-frequency current can be increased after additional action of high-amplitude electrical pulses. A comparative test of commisures tensile strength confirmed its possible increase by 1.6--1.7 times when vascular tissues were preliminarily subjected to the action of short high-amplitude electrical pulses.

[New models of forceps for bipolar coagulation]

Operations on the brain require an optimum coagulation effect to be produced by forceps for bipolar coagulation. New forceps models are described in which the elimination of heat from the operating ends is considerably improved by making the whole forceps of copper and providing intermittent supply of high-frequency current to it. As a result the coagulation effect is distinguished by slight necrosis of the tissues adjoining the ends of the forceps and no sticking of these tissues to these ends.