Thermal, dielectric, mechanical and structural behavior of 2-amino 4-methylpyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol bulk single crystal.
Heliyon 2023;
9:e18260. [PMID:
37501972 PMCID:
PMC10368901 DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18260]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications in both science and industry have received increased attention as a result of bulk single crystals with particular orientations. However, due to the instability of organic crystals at high temperatures and stress, there is an interest in growing good-quality bulk single crystals with stable thermal and mechanical properties. Here, the 2-amino 4-methylpyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol (2A4MPPP) crystal was prepared employing a single-wall ampoule and the vertical Bridgman technique. Structure and functional groups were determined by XRD, NMR, and FTIR studies. More importantly, detailed thermal and kinetic properties such as activation energy, frequency factor, rate constant, and Avrami exponent are discussed. The mechanical stability and dielectric studies are also demonstrated for the title compound. According to the single crystal XRD investigation, 2A4MPPP is a member of the orthorhombic crystal system with the Pna21 space group. Through the TGA and DTA analyses, it was confirmed that the compound starts to melt at 98 °C and complete melting occurs at 103.3 °C. The dielectric experiments reveal the crystal's poor dielectric constant and high-frequency dielectric loss. Vickers microhardness investigations show that grown 2A4MPPP belongs to the soft materials group. As a result of these findings, the 2A4MPPP crystal should be well suited for usage in thermomechanical, microelectronic, optical communications, and nonlinear optical applications.
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