Co-composting of forest and industrial wastes watered with pig manure.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021;
42:705-716. [PMID:
31294652 DOI:
10.1080/09593330.2019.1643411]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Co-composting of forest-derived wastes (chestnut forest burr, CST; scrubland biomass, SRB; industrial sludge, MDFS, from the Medium Density Fibreboard production process) watered with pig manure (PM) may constitute a feasible management technique for both solid and liquid streams. PM provided water and improved the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Four piles of 1.8-2.4 m3 were conformed: A (SRB, with compaction bulk density), B (SRB, without compaction), C (SRB and MDFS at a volumetric ratio of 3:1) and D (CST). Thermophilic temperatures were maintained for 8 (B), 16 (A), 28 (C) and 40 (D) days. Stable compost was obtained after 35 (A, B, C) and 48 (D) days. Hygienization was only complete in piles C and D. N losses were higher in piles A (39.3%) and B (33.6%) in relation to C (17.0%) and D (8.9%) which could be attributed to the characteristics of MDFS and CST. Increasing the matrix size from 340 L to around 2000 L led to a higher intensity of the thermophilic phase. Besides, compaction significantly increased the temperature during composting. PM was added at ratios ranging from 1.8 to 2.5 L/kg dry matter, being favoured by pre-drying of solid wastes.
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