Race and payor type for child visits with public health dental hygienist practitioners

PURPOSE

To examine whether growth in visits to public health dental hygiene practitioners (PHDHPs) providing preventative dental services at a pediatric hospital clinic was predominantly among children receiving public insurance and children of minority background from 2013 to 2017.

METHODS

Longitudinal descriptive data analysis from electronic health records for 6856 children under age 18 years who visited PHDHPs co-located at a hospital clinic in Pittsburgh, PA, from 2013 to 2017. We compared visits between white versus non-white children and between children with public, private, and no or missing insurance by year.

RESULTS

Visit volume doubled from 2013 (n = 811) to 2017 (n = 1868). The proportion of PHDHP visits with non-white children increased from 77% (n = 625) in 2013 to 87% (n = 1472) in 2017 (p < 0.001). The proportion of PHDHP visits with children with public insurance increased from 72% (n = 585) in 2013 to 82% (n = 1377) in 2017 (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

PHDHPs co-located at a pediatric hospital clinic saw a high proportion of visits from children of non-white race and with public insurance. Visits from children of minority race and with public insurance increased disproportionately as visit volume grew from 2013 to 2017, depicting a vehicle through which historically underserved children increasingly accessed preventive dental services.

Calcium dosage in the lipid emulsion used to treat verapamil toxicity

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Analysis of differentially expressed transcripts from planthopper-infested wild rice (Oryza minuta)

A subtracted library was constructed from planthopper-infested wild rice (Oryza minuta) by suppression subtractive hybridization in combination with mirror orientation selection. To screen the differentially expressed transcripts in the library, we applied a cDNA microarray containing 960 random clones in a reverse Northern blot analysis using cDNA probes prepared from the mRNAs of control and planthopper-infested samples. On the basis of the signal intensities and expression ratios obtained from experiments performed in triplicate, we selected 383 clones. The elevated expression levels and overall profiles over time were verified by Northern blot analysis. Although Southern blot analysis showed similar copy numbers of the screened genes in O. minuta and O. sativa, it also revealed that the expression profiles had a different pattern. Functional categorization placed the identified transcripts in the categories of subcellular localization, metabolism, and protein fate. The presence of these expressed sequence tags implies that resistance of O. minuta to insect infestation can be achieved not only by an elevated expression of defense-related genes but also by enhanced metabolic activities.

Comparative analysis of 5,211 leaf ESTs of wild rice (Oryza minuta)

The expressed sequence tags (ESTs) presented in this report are the first transcriptomes of wild rice. A cDNA library was constructed from 4-week-old leaf samples of greenhouse-grown Oryza minuta. The 5,211 cDNA clones of O. minuta represent 3,401 unique sequences, consisting of 2,787 singletons and 614 assembled sequences. Database comparisons of the cDNAs in GenBank's non-redundant databases using BLAST revealed that 4,957 of the 5,211 cDNAs (95.1%) showed a high degree of sequence homology to genes from other organisms. Most of the transcripts identified were genes related to metabolism, energy, protein biosynthesis and subcellular localization. The metabolism and energy categories of the O. minuta ESTs showed a considerably higher gene expression level than those of O. sativa ESTs. These data and genes can be utilized in rice breeding.

Identification of fungal ( Magnaporthe grisea) stress-induced genes in wild rice ( Oryza minuta)

To identify fungal stress-related genes in wild rice, Oryza minuta, we constructed a subtracted library using suppression subtractive hybridization in combination with mirror orientation selection. DNA chips containing 960 randomly selected cDNA clones were applied by reverse Northern analysis to eliminate false positive clones from the library and to prescreen differentially expressed genes. In total, 377 cDNA clones were selected on the basis of their signal intensities and expression ratios. Sequence analyses of these 377 cDNA fragments revealed that 180 of them (47.7%) represented unique genes. Of these 180 cDNAs, 89 clones (49.6%) showed significant homologies to previously known genes, while the remaining 91 did not match any known sequences. The putative functions of the 180 unique ESTs were categorized by aligning them with MIPS data. They were classified into seven different groups using microarray data-derived expression patterns and verified by Northern blotting.

Characterization of the full-length sequences of phospholipase A2 induced during flower development

The suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was used to isolate developmentally regulated genes during carnation flower maturation. Carnation flower maturation-related clones obtained by the SSH were serially assigned as CFMI (carnation flower maturation-induced) clones. Northern blot analysis showed that several CFMI clones were differentially expressed during flower development. One of the clones, CFMI-3, showed similarity to various animal secretory phospholipases A2 (PLA2). Since little is known about PLA2 gene sequence in plant species, the CFMI-3 clone was selected for further characterization by sequence analysis. Full sequence analysis reveals that the CFMI-3 contains a Ca2+ binding domain, a PLA2 active site, and 12 conserved Cys residues, which is a distinct characteristic of PLA2. Amino acid sequence alignment of CFMI-3 to various putative plant PLA2 confirmed that the CFMI-3 cDNA is the full-length putative PLA2 cDNA identified in plant species.

Characterization of the full-length sequences of phospholipase A2 induced during flower development

The suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was used to isolate developmentally regulated genes during carnation flower maturation. Carnation flower maturation-related clones obtained by the SSH were serially assigned as CFMI (carnation flower maturation-induced) clones. Northern blot analysis showed that several CFMI clones were differentially expressed during flower development. One of the clones, CFMI-3, showed similarity to various animal secretory phospholipases A2 (PLA2). Since little is known about PLA2 gene sequence in plant species, the CFMI-3 clone was selected for further characterization by sequence analysis. Full sequence analysis reveals that the CFMI-3 contains a Ca2+ binding domain, a PLA2 active site, and 12 conserved Cys residues, which is a distinct characteristic of PLA2. Amino acid sequence alignment of CFMI-3 to various putative plant PLA2 confirmed that the CFMI-3 cDNA is the full-length putative PLA2 cDNA identified in plant species.