Contributions of burner, pan, meat and salt to PM emission during grilling

Grilling ground beef meat was conducted in two locations at Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan. The experiments were designed such that only particles from beef meat were isolated. A similar experimental protocol was applied at both locations. The average particle number and mass emission rates for grilling pure meat itself (excluding particles from pan and burner) were found to be 9.4 × 10¹²(SD = 7.2 × 10¹² particle min^-1 and 7.6 × 10 (SD = 6.3 × 10) mg.min^-1, respectively. The PM emissions (number and mass) from the burner were found to be negligible compared to the pan and meat emissions. Ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations from the heated pan itself were comparable to those of grilled meat. However, the particle mass concentrations from the pan itself were negligible. Approximately an hour of continuous heating resulted in zero emissions from the pan.

Enhanced migration and sequestration of food oily additives into polystyrene oleophilic-hydrophobic-walled containers

Abstract Currently, the high natural oil content in the regular daily diet of a significant segment of the global population has raised deep concern for health authorities worldwide. One example can be soups, which are liquid foods that usually contain high salt levels besides the fat released by the ingredients during the cooking process and the oil that is directly added. This investigation focused on assessing a novel technique to regulate the oil content in soups after being served for consumption. The research aimed to examine the potential reduction of fat in soups by using a non-invasive capillary mechanism created by microchanneling used on the surface of a polystyrene oleophilic/hydrophobic wall in contact with the food to enhance the migration and further sequestration of a fraction of the freely floating oil in these meals.

Potential microbial strains for composting cattle and horse manure

The potential of effective microorganisms in composting animal manure might be significant. This work aimed at isolating promising microbial strains for composting cattle and horse manure. A total of forty-five isolates have been isolated from soils of Northern Kazakhstan as well as cattle and horse manure. These microorganisms were extensively studied for their cellulose-degrading capacity, non-pathogenicity, protease, nitrogenase and catalase activities, as well as their growth stimulation, antagonistic ability, and growth rate. As a result, 21 potent strains were selected and genotyped for the creation of microbial consortia. These consortia were then used in small-scale composting experiments with cattle and horse manure. Further studies evaluated the effectiveness of the composting process and the quality of the compost produced. The study yielded promising results, identifying effective microbial strains that could enhance the composting of horse and cattle manure.