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Quiroz-Reyes AG, González-Villarreal CA, Martínez-Rodriguez H, Said-Fernández S, Salinas-Carmona MC, Limón-Flores AY, Soto-Domínguez A, Padilla-Rivas G, Montes De Oca-Luna R, Islas JF, Garza-Treviño EN. A combined antitumor strategy of separately transduced mesenchymal stem cells with soluble TRAIL and IFNβ produces a synergistic activity in the reduction of lymphoma and mice survival enlargement. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:206. [PMID: 35485288 PMCID: PMC9073847 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the understanding of cancer grows, new therapies have been proposed to improve the well-known limitations of current therapies, whose efficiency relies mostly on early detection, surgery and chemotherapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been introduced as a promissory and effective therapy. This fact is due to several useful features of MSCs, such as their accessibility and easy culture and expansion in vitro, and their remarkable ability for ‘homing’ towards tumors, allowing MSCs to exert their anticancer effects directly into tumors. Additionally, MSCs offer the practicability of being genetically engineered to carry anticancer genes, increasing their specificity and efficacy for fighting tumors. In the present study, the antitumoral efficacy and post-implant survival of mice bearing lymphomas implanted intratumorally were determined using mouse bone marrow-derived (BM)-MSCs transduced with soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL), full length TRAIL (flTRAIL), or interferon β (IFNβ), naïve BM-MSCs, or combinations of these. The percentage of surviving mice was determined once all not-implanted mice succumbed. It was found that the percentage of surviving mice implanted with the combination of MSCs-sTRAIL and MSCs-IFN-β was 62.5%. Lymphoma model achieved 100% fatality in the non-treated group by day 41. On the other hand, the percentage of surviving mice implanted with MSCs-sTRAIL was 50% and with MSCs-INFβ 25%. All the aforementioned differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, all implants exhibited tumor size reduction, growth delay, or apparent tumor clearance. MSCs proved to be effective anti-lymphoma agents; additionally, the combination of soluble TRAIL and IFN-β resulted in the most effective antitumor and life enlarging treatment, showing an additive antitumoral effect compared with individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana G Quiroz-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Carlos A González-Villarreal
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66238, Mexico
| | - Herminia Martínez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Mario César Salinas-Carmona
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Alberto Y Limón-Flores
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Padilla-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes De Oca-Luna
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Jose F Islas
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Elsa N Garza-Treviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
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Pedroza-Montoya FE, Tamez-Mata YA, Simental-Mendía M, Soto-Domínguez A, García-Pérez MM, Said-Fernández S, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, González-Flores JR, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Vilchez-Cavazos F. Repair of ovine peripheral nerve injuries with xenogeneic human acellular sciatic nerves prerecellularized with allogeneic Schwann-like cells—an innovative and promising approach. Regen Ther 2022; 19:131-143. [PMID: 35229011 PMCID: PMC8850753 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The iatrogenic effects of repairing peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) with autografts (AGTs) encouraged the present study to involve a new approach consisting of grafting xenogeneic prerecellularized allogeneic cells instead of AGTs. Methods We compared sheep's AGT regenerative and functional capacity with decellularized human nerves prerecellularized with allogeneic Schwann-like cell xenografts (onwards called xenografts). Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from ovine adipose tissue and induced in vitro to differentiate into Schwann-like cells (SLCs). Xenografts were grafted in ovine sciatic nerves. Left sciatic nerves (20 mm) were excised from 10 sheep. Then, five sheep were grafted with 20 mm xenografts, and five were reimplanted with their nerve segment rotated 180° (AGT). Results All sheep treated with xenografts or AGT progressively recovered the strength, movement, and coordination of their intervened limb, which was still partial when the study was finished at sixth month postsurgery. At this time, numerous intrafascicular axons were observed in the distal and proximal graft extremes of both xenografts or AGTs, and submaximal nerve electrical conduction was observed. The xenografts and AGT-affected muscles appeared partially stunted. Conclusions Xenografts and AGT were equally efficacious in starting PNI repair and justified further studies using longer observation times. The hallmarks from this study are that human xenogeneic acellular scaffolds were recellularized with allogenic SCL and were not rejected by the nonhuman receptors but were also as functional as AGT within a relatively short time postsurgery. Thus, this innovative approach promises to be more practical and accessible than AGT or allogenic allografts and safer than AGT for PNI repair.
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Peñuelas-Urquides K, Bermúdez de León M, Silva-Ramírez B, Castorena-Torres F, Molina-Salinas GM, Castro-Garza J, Becerril-Montes P, Del Olmo E, San Feliciano A, González-Escalante LA, Villarreal-Treviño L, Said-Fernández S. Two New Dihydrosphingosine Analogs Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Affect gltA1, lprQ, and rpsO Expression. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:742867. [PMID: 34803964 PMCID: PMC8595602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.742867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains threaten the control of tuberculosis. New antitubercular dihydrosphingosine analogs, named UCIs, have been evaluated in preclinical studies but their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action against M. tuberculosis are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UCI exposure on gene expression of drug-sensitive H37Rv and MDR CIBIN:UMF:15:99 clones of M. tuberculosis which were isolated, phenotypically, and genetically characterized, cultured to log phase and treated with UCI compounds; followed by total RNA isolation, reverse transcription and hybridization assays on Affymetrix genomic microarrays. Data were validated with RT-qPCR assays. As results, UCI-05 and UCI-14 exposure increased gltA1 expression in drug-sensitive H37Rv clones. Furthermore, UCI-05 increased lprQ expression in MDR CIBIN:UMF:15:99 M. tuberculosis clones while UCI-14 reduced the expression of this gene in drug-sensitive H37Rv clones. In addition, UCI-05 reduced rpsO expression in drug-sensitive H37Rv clones. We found gene expression alterations that suggest these molecules may alter carbon and lipid metabolism as well as interfere in the protein-producing machinery in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Mario Bermúdez de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Silva-Ramírez
- Departamento de Inmunogenética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Ignacio García Téllez, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Jorge Castro-Garza
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Pola Becerril-Montes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Esther Del Olmo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Área de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arturo San Feliciano
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Área de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Adiene González-Escalante
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Licet Villarreal-Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey, Mexico
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Camacho-Corona MDR, Favela-Hernández JMDJ, González-Santiago O, Garza-González E, Molina-Salinas GM, Said-Fernández S, Delgado G, Luna-Herrera J. Evaluation of Some Plant-derived Secondary Metabolites Against Sensitive and Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J MEX CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v53i2.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The results on the bioevaluation of thirty five plant-derived secondary metabolites against one sensitive and three multidrugresistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are reported. Results toward the sensitive strain showed that five products gave MIC values of 12.5 µg/mL: the alkaloids 6-methoxydihydrochelerytrine (2) and 6-methoxy-dihydrochelirubine (6), the flavanone pinostrobin (17), 1-hydroxy-benzoisochromanquinone (23) and 23-hydroxy-5a-lanosta7,9(11),24-triene-3-one (33). These were followed by the peracetylstrictosidine lactam (12) and the quinone aloe-emodin (24) which displayed MICs of 6.25 µg/mL. Finally, liriodenine (8) was the most active (MIC: 3.125 µg/mL) of all secondary metabolites. Results with the multidrug-resistant clinical isolates showed that 6-methoxy-dihydrochelirubine (6) was the most active (MIC: 12.5 µg/mL).
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Calvo-Anguiano G, Lugo-Trampe JJ, Camacho A, Said-Fernández S, Mercado-Hernández R, Zomosa-Signoret V, Rojas-Martínez A, Ortiz-López R. Comparison of specific expression profile in two in vitro hypoxia models. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4777-4784. [PMID: 29805495 PMCID: PMC5958671 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment plays a fundamental role in carcinogenesis: Acidity and hypoxia are actively involved in this process. It is important to have in vitro models to study these mechanisms. The models that are most commonly referred to are the hypoxia chamber and the chemical induction [Cobalt (II) chloride]. It is not yet defined if these models are interchangeable if the metabolic effect is the same, and if the results may be compared in these models. In the present study, the response to the effect of stress (hypoxia and acidity) in both models was evaluated. The results indicated that in the chemical model, the effect of hypoxia appeared in an early form at 6 h; whereas in the gas chamber the effect was slow and gradual and at 72 h there was an overexpression of erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). In addition to the genes analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the global expression analysis between both models revealed the 9 most affected genes in common. The present study additionally identified 3 potential genes (lysyl oxidase, ankyrin repeat domain 37, B-cell lymphoma 2 interacting protein 3 like) previously identified in other studies, which may be considered as universal hypoxia genes along with HIF1α, EPO, VEGF, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), CA9, and LDH. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first time that both hypoxia models have been compared, and it was demonstrated that the effect of hypoxia induction was time sensitive in each model. These observations must be considered prior to selecting one of these models to identify selective hypoxia genes and their effects in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovana Calvo-Anguiano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico.,Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Genomic Unit, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Jose J Lugo-Trampe
- Genetic Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico.,Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Neurometabolism Unit, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Roberto Mercado-Hernández
- Science Exact Department, School of Biological Science, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66451, Mexico
| | - Viviana Zomosa-Signoret
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martínez
- Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Experimental Therapies Unit, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
| | - Rocio Ortiz-López
- Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Genomic Unit, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
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Simental-Mendía M, Vilchez-Cavazos F, García-Garza R, Lara-Arias J, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Said-Fernández S, Martínez-Rodríguez HG. The matrix synthesis and anti-inflammatory effect of autologous leukocyte-poor platelet rich plasma in human cartilage explants. Histol Histopathol 2018; 33:609-618. [PMID: 29313321 DOI: 10.14670/hh-11-961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of autologous leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) on the expression of markers involved in cartilage-extracellular matrix production and inflammation in cartilage explants bearing osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cartilage explants and LP-PRP were obtained from 10 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. The explants were cultured in spinner flasks for 28 days in the presence of interleukin (IL)-1β and/or LP-PRP. The gene expression of catabolic (MMP13, ADAMTS5, and IL1β) and anabolic factors (COL2A1, ACAN, and SOX9) was quantified. A histological assessment was performed according to a modified Mankin score, and quantification of type II and I collagen deposition. RESULTS The gene expression of catabolic factors and the Mankin score were lower in LP-PRP- and LP-PRP/IL-1β- than in IL-1β-treated explants, suggesting less matrix degradation in explants cultured in the presence of LP-PRP. Higher expression of genes involved in cartilage matrix restoration was observed in LP-PRP and LP-PRP/IL-1β- when compared to IL-1β-treated explants. The explants treated with LP-PRP and LP-PRP/IL-1β exhibited a higher deposition of type II collagen as well as a lower deposition of type I collagen and also better surface integrity and a significant increase in the number of chondrocytes. CONCLUSION LP-PRP treatment favored restoration in early osteoarthritic cartilage and reduced the pro-inflammatory effect of IL-1β. LP-PRP is a promising therapy for early osteoarthritis, as it promotes extracellular matrix repair, reduces inflammation, and slows cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Simental-Mendía
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Félix Vilchez-Cavazos
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine/University Hospital "José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rubén García-Garza
- Department of Embriology and Histolgy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, México
| | - Jorge Lara-Arias
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine/University Hospital "José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Luna
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Herminia G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
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González-Villarreal C, Guadalupe Martínez-Rodríguez H, Said-Fernández S. How desirable and undesirable features of naïve or genetically reengineered mesenchymal stem cells are being considered in preclinical or clinical assays. J BUON 2017; 22:812-830. [PMID: 29155506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The implantation of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has become a promising alternative in cancer treatments. Accordingly, in this article we revised the ultimate advances in the knowledge on the MSC-homing mechanism, the cancer cell and MSCs interactions and the microvesicles and exosomes used by malignant cells to transport and deliver pro-cancer cytokines or microRNA (miRNA), or by MSCs to favor or fight cancer progression. In addition, we analyzed the current knowledge generated by ongoing or terminated preclinical and clinical trials, using naive MSCs as natural anti-cancer living factors or gene-engineered MSCs as cytokine delivering vehicles, where anti-cancer cytokines were chosen and the pro-cancer factors were avoided. Finally, we present some concerns about the implantation of MSCs and anti-cancer therapies and hypothesize the MSC implantation combines with conventional or new therapies to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Villarreal
- Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL) Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Delgado-González P, Said-Fernández S, García-González IS, Garza-Treviño EN, Padilla-Rivas GR, Flores-Gutiérrez JP, Muñoz-Maldonado GE, Treviño-Lozano MA, González-Guerrero JF, Martínez-Rodríguez HG. Cáncer colorrectal en Nuevo León: factores de riesgo,hallazgos clínicos y cambios en el desempeño físico de los pacientes a los 12 meses de postcirugía. Salud Publica Mex 2017; 58:592-594. [PMID: 28225928 DOI: 10.21149/spm.v58i6.7762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
En 2008 ocurrieron en México 3 275 muertes por cáncer colorrectal (CCR). De éstas, 798 (24.37%) correspondieron a los seis estados que forman la frontera norte de nuestro país. Nuevo León registró 135 muertes por CCR, lo cual representa 4.12 y 16.9% de los decesos ocurridos en México y en la frontera norte, respectivamente…
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Delgado-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. México.
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. México.
| | - Irma Sandra García-González
- Servicio de Cirugía Oncológica, Unidad de Altas Especialidades núm. 25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. México
| | - Elsa Nancy Garza-Treviño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. México.
| | | | - Juan Pablo Flores-Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. México
| | | | - Marco Antonio Treviño-Lozano
- Servicio de Cirugía Oncológica, Unidad de Altas Especialidades núm. 25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. México
| | - Juan Francisco González-Guerrero
- Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. México
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González-Hernández S, González-Ramírez D, Dávila-Rodríguez MI, Jimenez-Arellanez A, Meckes-Fischer M, Said-Fernández S, Cortés-Gutiérrez EI. Absence of toxicity and genotoxicity in an extract of Rubus coriifolius. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-04-gmr.15048966. [PMID: 27966744 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15048966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rubus coriifolius Focke is a wild plant from the Rosaceae family. It grows in both Guatemala and Mexico. The polar extract of the aerial parts of this plant has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-protozoal activities. These properties may explain the traditional use of this plant. In vivo and in vitro assays were used to assess the genotoxic and toxic effects of an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of R. coriifolius. Three groups of rats were orally administered the R. coriifolius extract diluted in ethanol (5%) at doses of 1.89 mg/kg body weight (low dose), 4.72 mg/kg body weight (medium dose), and 9.44 mg/kg body weight (high dose) for 3 weeks. Genotoxic/cytotoxic effects induced by the R. coriifolius ethanol extract were evaluated in vivo by a micronuclei (MN) test in rat's bone marrow cells and in vitro by MN and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human lymphocyte cultures. In vivo genotoxicity analyses revealed that the average number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and the polychromatic erythrocyte/red blood cell ratio at all doses were not significantly different from those of the negative control. In vitro genotoxicity analyses showed that MN, SCE, and proliferative index frequencies in a human lymphocyte cell culture were not significantly different from those of the negative control. These results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of R. coriifolius aerial parts is not toxic or mutagenic (in vitro and in vivo) and does not affect cell proliferation at the concentrations analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S González-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - D González-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - M I Dávila-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - A Jimenez-Arellanez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional-Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Meckes-Fischer
- Centro de Diagnóstico em Metabolismo Energético y Medicina Mitocondrial, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Said-Fernández
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - E I Cortés-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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González-Escalante L, Peñuelas-Urquides K, Said-Fernández S, Silva-Ramírez B, Bermúdez de León M. Differential expression of putative drug resistance genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv194. [PMID: 26454220 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires an integrated analysis of strain lineages, mutations and gene expression. Previously, we reported the differential expression of esxG, esxH, infA, groES, rpmI, rpsA and lipF genes in a sensitive M. tuberculosis strain and in a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate. Here, we have evaluated the expression of these genes in 24 clinical isolates that belong to different lineages and have different drug resistance profiles. In vitro, growth kinetics analysis showed no difference in the growth of the clinical isolates, and thus drug resistance occurred without a fitness cost. However, a quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis of gene expression revealed high variability among the clinical isolates, including those with similar drug resistance profiles. Due to the complexity of gene regulation pathways and the wide diversity of M. tuberculosis lineages, the use of gene expression as a molecular signature for drug resistance is not straightforward. Therefore, we recommend that the expression of M. tuberculosis genes be performed individually, and baseline expression levels should be verified among several different clinical isolates, before any further applications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Escalante
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, 64720, Nuevo León, México Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66451, Nuevo León, México
| | - Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, 64720, Nuevo León, México
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Medicina, Monterrey, 64460, Nuevo León, México
| | - Beatriz Silva-Ramírez
- Departamento de Inmunogenética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, 64720, Nuevo León, México
| | - Mario Bermúdez de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, 64720, Nuevo León, México
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11
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Simental-Mendía M, Lara-Arias J, Álvarez-Lozano E, Said-Fernández S, Soto-Domínguez A, Padilla-Rivas GR, Martínez-Rodríguez HG. Cotransfected human chondrocytes: over-expression of IGF-I and SOX9 enhances the synthesis of cartilage matrix components collagen-II and glycosaminoglycans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:1063-70. [PMID: 26445237 PMCID: PMC4661021 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Damage to cartilage causes a loss of type II collagen (Col-II) and glycosaminoglycans
(GAG). To restore the original cartilage architecture, cell factors that stimulate
Col-II and GAG production are needed. Insulin-like growth factor I
(IGF-I) and transcription factor SOX9are
essential for the synthesis of cartilage matrix, chondrocyte proliferation, and
phenotype maintenance. We evaluated the combined effect of IGF-I and
SOX9 transgene expression on Col-II and GAG production by
cultured human articular chondrocytes. Transient transfection and cotransfection were
performed using two mammalian expression plasmids (pCMV-SPORT6), one for each
transgene. At day 9 post-transfection, the chondrocytes that were over-expressing
IGF-I/SOX9 showed 2-fold increased mRNA
expression of the Col-II gene, as well as a 57% increase in Col-II
protein, whereas type I collagen expression (Col-I) was decreased by
59.3% compared with controls. The production of GAG by these cells increased
significantly compared with the controls at day 9 (3.3- vs
1.8-times, an increase of almost 83%). Thus,
IGF-I/SOX9 cotransfected chondrocytes may be
useful for cell-based articular cartilage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simental-Mendía
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - J Lara-Arias
- Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Bone and Tissue Bank, Universitary Hospital, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - E Álvarez-Lozano
- Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Bone and Tissue Bank, Universitary Hospital, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - S Said-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - A Soto-Domínguez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - G R Padilla-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - H G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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Peñuelas-Urquides K, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Enciso-Moreno JA, Molina-Salinas GM, Silva-Ramírez B, Padilla-Rivas GR, Vera-Cabrera L, Torres-de-la-Cruz VM, Martínez-Martínez YB, Ortega-García JL, Garza-Treviño EN, Enciso-Moreno L, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Becerril-Montes P, Said-Fernández S. Correlations between major risk factors and closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates grouped by three current genotyping procedures: a population-based study in northeast Mexico. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 109:814-9. [PMID: 25317710 PMCID: PMC4238775 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients related to a chain of recent TB
transmissions were investigated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates (120) were
genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-IS6110 (R), spacer
oligotyping (S) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of
tandem repeats (M) methods. The MTB isolates were clustered and the clusters were
grouped according to the similarities of their genotypes. Spearman’s rank correlation
coefficients between the groups of MTB isolates with similar genotypes and those
patient characteristics indicating a risk for a pulmonary TB (PTB) chain transmission
were ana- lysed. The isolates showing similar genotypes were distributed as follows:
SMR (5%), SM (12.5%), SR (1.67%), MR (0%), S (46.67%), M (5%) and R (0%). The
remaining 35 cases were orphans. SMR exhibited a significant correlation (p <
0.05) with visits to clinics, municipalities and comorbidities (primarily diabetes
mellitus). S correlated with drug consumption and M with comorbidities. SMR is needed
to identify a social network in metropolitan areas for PTB transmission and S and M
are able to detect risk factors as secondary components of a transmission chain of
TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Herminia Guadalupe Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - José Antonio Enciso-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Beatriz Silva-Ramírez
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Gerardo Raymundo Padilla-Rivas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | | | - Yazmin Berenice Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Jorge Luis Ortega-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Elsa Nancy Garza-Treviño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecula, Hospital Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Leonor Enciso-Moreno
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Pola Becerril-Montes
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Zacatecas, ZC, México
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Becerril-Montes P, Said-Fernández S, Luna-Herrera J, Caballero-Olín G, Enciso-Moreno JA, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Padilla-Rivas G, Nancy-Garza-Treviño E, Molina-Salinas GM. A population-based study of first and second-line drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-burden area of the Mexico/United States border. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:160-6. [PMID: 23579794 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276108022013006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of 139 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from the city of Monterrey, Northeast Mexico, to first and second-line anti-TB drugs was analysed. A total of 73 isolates were susceptible and 66 were resistant to anti-TB drugs. Monoresistance to streptomycin, isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol was observed in 29 cases. Resistance to INH was found in 52 cases and in 29 cases INH resistance was combined with resistance to two or three drugs. A total of 24 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) resistant to at least INH and rifampicin and 11 MDR cases were resistant to five drugs. The proportion of MDR-TB among new TB cases in our target population was 0.72% (1/139 cases). The proportion of MDR-TB among previously treated cases was 25.18% (35/139 cases). The 13 polyresistant and 24 MDR isolates were assayed against the following seven second-line drugs: amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), capreomycin (CAP), clofazimine (CLF), ethionamide (ETH), ofloxacin (OFL) and cycloserine (CLS). Resistance to CLF, OFL or CLS was not observed. Resistance was detected to ETH (10.80%) and to AMK (2.70%), KAN (2.70%) and CAP (2.70%). One isolate of MDR with primary resistance was also resistant to three second-line drugs. Monterrey has a high prevalence of MDR-TB among previously treated cases and extensively drug-resistant-MTB strains may soon appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pola Becerril-Montes
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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14
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Uc-Cachón AH, Borges-Argáez R, Said-Fernández S, Vargas-Villarreal J, González-Salazar F, Méndez-González M, Cáceres-Farfán M, Molina-Salinas GM. Naphthoquinones isolated from Diospyros anisandra exhibit potent activity against pan-resistant first-line drugs Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 27:114-20. [PMID: 23968826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains have further complicated the control of tuberculosis (TB). There is an urgent need of new molecules candidates to be developed as novel, active, and less toxic anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs. Medicinal plants have been an excellent source of leads for the development of drugs, particularly as anti-infective agents. In previous studies, the non-polar extract of Diospyros anisandra showed potent anti-TB activity, and three monomeric and five dimeric naphthoquinones have been obtained. In this study, we performed bioguided chemical fractionation and the isolation of eight naphthoquinones from D. anisandra and their evaluation of anti-TB and cytotoxic activities against mammalian cells. METHODS The n-hexane crude extract from the stem bark of the plant was obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid fractionation. The isolation of naphthoquinones was carried out by chromatographic methods and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy data analysis. Anti-TB activity was evaluated against two strains of MTB (H37Rv) susceptible to all five first-line anti-TB drugs and a clinical isolate that is resistant to these medications (pan-resistant, CIBIN 99) by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones was estimated against two mammalian cells, Vero line and primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells, and their selectivity index (SI) was determined. RESULTS Plumbagin and its dimers maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin showed the strongest activity against both MTB strains (MIC = 1.56-3.33 μg/mL). The bioactivity of maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin were 32 times more potent than rifampicin against the pan-resistant strain, and both dimers showed to be non-toxic against PBMC and Vero cells. The SI of maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin on Vero cells was 74.34 and 194.11 against sensitive and pan-resistant MTB strains, respectively. CONCLUSION Maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin possess a very interesting potential for development as new drugs against M. tuberculosis, mainly resistant profile strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Humberto Uc-Cachón
- Unidad de Biotecnología del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Unidad de Biotecnología del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, San Luis Potosí y 2 de Abril, Col. Independencia, CP 65720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, San Luis Potosí y 2 de Abril, Col. Independencia, CP 65720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Francisco González-Salazar
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, San Luis Potosí y 2 de Abril, Col. Independencia, CP 65720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Ciencia de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Ave. Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500 Pte., CP 66238 San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Martha Méndez-González
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Mirbella Cáceres-Farfán
- Unidad de Biotecnología del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, San Luis Potosí y 2 de Abril, Col. Independencia, CP 65720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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15
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Uc-Cachón A, Molina-Salinas G, Said-Fernández S, Méndez-González M, Cáceres-Farfán M, Borges-Argáez R. A new dimeric naphthoquinone fromDiospyros anisandra. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1174-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.718770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Peñuelas-Urquides K, Villarreal-Treviño L, Silva-Ramírez B, Rivadeneyra-Espinoza L, Said-Fernández S, de León MB. Measuring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. A correlation of the optical measurements with colony forming units. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:287-9. [PMID: 24159318 PMCID: PMC3804212 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of colony forming units (cfu), turbidity, and optical density at 600 nm (OD600) measurements were used to evaluate Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Turbidity and OD600 measurements displayed similar growth curves, while cfu quantification showed a continuous growth curve. We determined the cfu equivalents to McFarland and OD600 units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México. ; Posgrado en Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México
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Peñuelas-Urquides K, González-Escalante L, Villarreal-Treviño L, Silva-Ramírez B, Gutiérrez-Fuentes DJ, Mojica-Espinosa R, Rangel-Escareño C, Uribe-Figueroa L, Molina-Salinas GM, Dávila-Velderrain J, Castorena-Torres F, Bermúdez de León M, Said-Fernández S. Comparison of gene expression profiles between pansensitive and multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:362-71. [PMID: 23649743 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed resistance to anti-tuberculosis first-line drugs. Multidrug-resistant strains complicate the control of tuberculosis and have converted it into a worldwide public health problem. Mutational studies of target genes have tried to envisage the resistance in clinical isolates; however, detection of these mutations in some cases is not sufficient to identify drug resistance, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved. Therefore, the identification of new markers of susceptibility or resistance to first-line drugs could contribute (1) to specifically diagnose the type of M. tuberculosis strain and prescribe an appropriate therapy, and (2) to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance in multidrug-resistant strains. In order to identify specific genes related to resistance in M. tuberculosis, we compared the gene expression profiles between the pansensitive H37Rv strain and a clinical CIBIN:UMF:15:99 multidrug-resistant isolate using microarray analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that in the clinical multidrug-resistant isolate, the esxG, esxH, rpsA, esxI, and rpmI genes were upregulated, while the lipF, groES, and narG genes were downregulated. The modified genes could be involved in the mechanisms of resistance to first-line drugs in M. tuberculosis and could contribute to increased efficiency in molecular diagnosis approaches of infections with drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Peñuelas-Urquides
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calle 2 de abril 501, Col. Independencia, 64720, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Almaguer-Chávez JA, Welsh O, Lozano-Garza HG, Said-Fernández S, Romero-Díaz VJ, Ocampo-Candiani J, Vera-Cabrera L. Decrease of virulence for BALB/c mice produced by continuous subculturing of Nocardia brasiliensis. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:290. [PMID: 22029431 PMCID: PMC3215677 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subculturing has been extensively used to attenuate human pathogens. In this work we studied the effect of continuous subculturing of Nocardia brasiliensis HUJEG-1 on virulence in a murine model. Methods Nocardia brasiliensis HUJEG-1 was subcultured up to 130 times on brain heart infusion over four years. BALB/c mice were inoculated in the right foot pad with the bacteria subcultured 0, 40, 80, 100 and 130 times (T0, T40, T80 T100 and T130). The induction of resistance was tested by using T130 to inoculate a group of mice followed by challenge with T0 12 weeks later. Biopsies were taken from the newly infected foot-pad and immunostained with antibodies against CD4, CD8 and CD14 in order to analyze the in situ immunological changes. Results When using T40, T80 T100 and T130 as inoculums we observed lesions in 10, 5, 0 and 0 percent of the animals, respectively, at the end of 12 weeks. In contrast, their controls produced mycetoma in 80, 80, 70 and 60% of the inoculated animals. When studying the protection of T130, we observed a partial resistance to the infection. Immunostaining revealed an intense CD4+ lymphocytic and macrophage infiltrate in healing lesions. Conclusions After 130 in vitro passages of N. brasiliensis HUJEG-1 a severe decrease in its virulence was observed. Immunization of BALB/c mice, with these attenuated cells, produced a state of partial resistance to infection with the non-subcultured isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeth A Almaguer-Chávez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario José E, González, Monterrey, N,L,, 64460 México
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Molina-Salinas GM, Rivas-Galindo VM, Said-Fernández S, Lankin DC, Muñoz MA, Joseph-Nathan P, Pauli GF, Waksman N. Stereochemical analysis of leubethanol, an anti-TB-active serrulatane, from Leucophyllum frutescens. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:1842-50. [PMID: 21859082 PMCID: PMC3600946 DOI: 10.1021/np2000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanolic root bark extract of Leucophyllum frutescens led to the identification of leubethanol (1), a new serrulatane-type diterpene with activity against both multi-drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Leubethanol (1) was identified by 1D/2D NMR data, as a serrulatane closely related to erogorgiane (2), and exhibited anti-TB activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range 6.25-12.50 μg/mL. Stereochemical evidence for 1 was gleaned from 1D and 2D NOE experiments, from 1H NMR full spin analysis, and by comparison of the experimental vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectrum to density functional theory calculated VCD spectra of two diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M. Molina-Salinas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, P.O. Box 2316, Sucursal Tecnológico, Monterrey, N.L., 64841 México
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, N.L., 64720 México
| | - Verónica M. Rivas-Galindo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, P.O. Box 2316, Sucursal Tecnológico, Monterrey, N.L., 64841 México
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, N.L., 64720 México
| | - David C. Lankin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, PCRPS, and Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Marcelo A. Muñoz
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pedro Joseph-Nathan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 México
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, PCRPS, and Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel & Fax +11 (5281) 8329 4185 (NW), Tel (312) 355-1949. Fax (312)-355-2693 (GFP). (NW) and (GFP)
| | - Noemí Waksman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, P.O. Box 2316, Sucursal Tecnológico, Monterrey, N.L., 64841 México
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel & Fax +11 (5281) 8329 4185 (NW), Tel (312) 355-1949. Fax (312)-355-2693 (GFP). (NW) and (GFP)
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Bórquez J, Molina-Salinas GM, Loyola LA, San-Martín A, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Said-Fernández S. A new azorellane diterpenoid fromAzorella madreporica. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:653-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.490215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vargas-Villarreal J, Palacios-Corona R, Hernández-Luna C, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Torres de la Cruz VM, Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, González-Salazar F, Garza-González JN, Escobedo-Guajardo BL, Said-Fernández S. Entamoeba histolytica: Soluble and membrane-associated neutral sphingomyelinase-C and other unidentified esterase activity. Exp Parasitol 2010; 125:394-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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León-Díaz R, Meckes M, Said-Fernández S, Molina-Salinas GM, Vargas-Villarreal J, Torres J, Luna-Herrera J, Jiménez-Arellanes A. Antimycobacterial neolignans isolated from Aristolochia taliscana. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:45-51. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Meckes
- Unidad Investigación Médica en Farmacología de Productos Naturales
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Dávila-Rodríguez MI, Torres-De la Cruz VM, Novelo-Huerta HI, Said-Fernández S, Cerda-Flores RM, Cortés-Gutiérrez EI. Total homocysteine levels in healthy children from the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico. Prague Med Rep 2010; 111:135-141. [PMID: 20654003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are indications for determining hyperhomocysteinemia in adulthood as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, psychiatric disorders, pregnancy complications, birth defects, cognitive impairment in the elderly, in addition to cancer. If hyperhomocysteinemia is determined from childhood, it may be modulated with the provision of an opportunity for public health intervention. The objective of this descriptive study was to determine total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in healthy children from the Monterrey metropolitan area in Mexico. In a peripheral-blood sample collected from 56 healthy children aged 2-10 years, we determined tHcy concentration by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The geometric mean +/- SD was 9.78 +/- 1.73 micromol/l. tHcys of the children studied were homogeneous by age cohort and gender. Nutritional state was classified by body mass index (BMI). Sixty five percent of children who participated in the study had normal BMI, and 96% of the children belong to the low socioeconomic status. In conclusion, to our knowledge this is the first-ever information on homocysteine (Hcy) prevalence in a population of healthy Mexican children. tHcy concentration was higher than that reported in other populations studies. This preliminary study could constitute the baseline for future public health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Dávila-Rodríguez
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste (CIBIN), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, Mexico. marthadavila@cibinmty
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Molina-Salinas GM, Bórquez J, Ardiles A, Said-Fernández S, Loyola LA, San-Martín A, González-Collado I, Peña-Rodríguez LM. Antituberculosis activity of natural and semisynthetic azorellane and mulinane diterpenoids. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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del Olmo E, Molina-Salinas GM, Escarcena R, Alves M, López-Pérez JL, Hernandez-Pando R, Said-Fernández S, Feliciano AS. Simple dihydrosphyngosine analogues with potent activity against MDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5764-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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León-Rivera I, Mirón-López G, Molina-Salinas GM, Herrera-Ruiz M, Estrada-Soto S, del Carmen Gutiérrez M, Alonso-Cortes D, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Ríos MY, Said-Fernández S. Tyrianthinic acids from Ipomoea tyrianthina and their antimycobacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and effects on the central nervous system. J Nat Prod 2008; 71:1686-1691. [PMID: 18826278 DOI: 10.1021/np800266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Four new partially acylated tetrasaccharides of 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (1-4) were isolated from a methanolic extract of Ipomoea tyrianthina. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The resin glycoside composition of I. tyrianthina varied with the location of growth in Mexico. Compounds 1-4 showed antimycobacterial activity, were cytotoxic against the KB cell line, and, in a mouse model, exhibited potentiation of hypnosis induced by pentobarbital, protected against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, and released GABA and glutamic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Vera-Cabrera L, Daw-Garza A, Said-Fernández S, Lozano-Garza HG, de Torres NW, Rocha NC, Ocampo-Candiani J, Choi SH, Welsh O. Therapeutic effect of a novel oxazolidinone, DA-7867, in BALB/c mice infected with Nocardia brasiliensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008; 2:e289. [PMID: 18820738 PMCID: PMC2553479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease of tropical and subtropical countries. It is produced by true fungi and actinobacteria. In México, Nocardia brasiliensis is the main causative agent of mycetoma, producing about 86% of the cases; the gold standard for the therapy of mycetoma by N. brasiliensis is the use of sulfonamides which give a 70% cure rate. The addition of amikacin to this regime increases to 95% the cure rate; however, the patients have to be monitored for creatinine clearance and audiometry studies because of the potential development of side effects. Because of that it is important to search for new active compounds. In the present work, we evaluated the in vivo effect of DA-7867, an experimental oxazolidinone, on the development of experimental mycetomas by N. brasiliensis in BALB/c mice. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to determine the optimal dose utilized to apply to the animals, we first determined by HPLC the plasma levels using several concentrations of the compounds. Based on these results, we used 10 and 25 mg/kg subcutaneously every 24 hr; DA-7867 was also supplied in the drinking water at a calculated dose of 25 mg/kg. As a control we utilized linezolid at 25 mg/kg, a compound active in murine and human infections, three times a day. The mice were infected in the right footpad with a young culture of N. brasiliensis HUJEG-1, and one week later we started the application of the antimicrobials for six more weeks. After that we compared the development of lesions in the groups injected with saline solution or with the antimicrobials; the results were analyzed by the variance ANOVA test. DA-7867 was able to reduce the production of lesions at 25 mg/kg, when given either subcutaneously or in the drinking water. Conclusions/Significance The experimental oxazolidinone DA-7867 is active in vivo against N. brasiliensis, which opens the possibility of using this drug once it is accepted for human application. Since oxazolidinones seem to be active against a wide spectrum of actinobacteria, it is possible they could be used in human cases of mycetoma by other actinomycetales, such as Streptomyces somaliensis, highly prevalent in Sudan, or Actinomadura madurae and A. pelletieri, which are commonly observed in Africa and India. Actinomycetoma is an infectious disease of tropical and subtropical regions produced by actinobacteria of the genera Nocardia, Streptomyces, and Actinomadura. Therapeutic alternatives are scarce and include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, diaminodiphenylsulfone, amoxicillin-clavulanate, imipenem, and amikacin. Oxazolidinones are a new class of antimicrobials with a completely different cellular target; the first compound in the market, linezolid, was introduced in the year 2000. It is active against many species of Nocardia and other aerobic actinomycetes; however, the long-term application in human subjects produces side effects including peripheral neuropathy and mielossupression. Therefore, it is important to screen other oxazolidinones with higher activity and less toxicity. In the present work, we tested DA-7867, a new oxazolidinone, in an experimental mouse model. The drug is active in vivo and decreases the production of lesions using only one dose a day in contrast to linezolid, which needs to be injected three times a day. Although it was tested on N. brasiliensis, it can possibly be active (once it is accepted for its use in humans) against Actinomadura spp and Streptomyces spp, which are frequently found in places of Africa and India where actinomycetoma is also an important consult in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
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Rojas-Alvarado MDLA, Díaz-Mendoza ML, Said-Fernández S, Caballero-Olín G, Cerda-Flores RM. [Association of pulmonar tuberculosis with HLA system antigens in Northeastern Mexico]. GAC MED MEX 2008; 144:233-238. [PMID: 18714592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTb) has been associated with the HLA (Antigens of the Human Leukocytes) system of the MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex), mainly with HLA-DR and-DQ antigens. Based on this assumption we carried out a case control study to determine the association of PTb with the HLA-DR and-DQ antigens among a sample of patients attending a medical unit belonging to the Mexican Social Security System (IMSS). METHODS HLA system phenotypes from cases (n=50) and controls (n=417), were defined serologically using a complement dependent microlymphocytotoxic assay. B lymphocytes were obtained using immunobeads. The allele and haplotype frequencies were determined using the Arlequin version 3.01 computer software. Relative risk (RR) was calculated with the Epimax Table Calculator. RESULTS The alelles HLA-DR11(5), -DR16(2) and -DQ7(3) and haplotypes /DR11(5)-DQ7(3), /DR14(6)-DQS(1) and /DR16(2)-DQ7(3) had a higher frequency in cases than in controls (RR>1, p<0.05). The HLA-DR17(3) and DQ8(3) alelles and /DR17(3)-DQ2 and /DR4-DQ8(3) haplotypes had a higher frequency among controls than among cases (RR<1, p<.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate an association between PTb with the HLA-DR and -DQ antigens in a Mexican sample. Our results are similar to those found in the international literature.
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Vargas-Villarreal J, Escobedo-Guajardo BL, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Palacios-Corona R, Cortes-Gutiérrez E, Morales-Vallarta M, Sampayo-Reyes A, Said-Fernández S. Activity of intracellular phospholipase A1 and A2 in Giardia lamblia. J Parasitol 2008; 93:979-84. [PMID: 18163329 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1038r3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neither phospholipase A1 (PLA A1) nor phospholipase A2 (PLA A2), nor their respective genes, have been identified in Giardia lamblia, even though they are essential for lipid metabolism in this parasite. A method to identify, isolate, and characterize these enzymes is needed. The activities of PLA A1 and PLA A2 were analyzed in a total extract (TE) and in vesicular (P30) and soluble (S30) subcellular fractions of G. lamblia trophozoites; the effects of several chemical and physicochemical factors on their activities were investigated. The assays were performed using substrate labeled with 14C, and the mass of the 14C-product was quantified. PLA A1 and PLA A2 activity was present in the TE and the P30 and S30 fractions, and it was dependent on pH and the concentrations of protein and Ca2+. In all trophozoite preparations, PLA A1 and PLA A2 activities were inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and Rosenthal's inhibitor. These results suggest that G. lamblia possesses several PLA A1 and PLA A2 isoforms that may be soluble or associated with membranes. In addition to participating in G. lamblia phospholipid metabolism, PLA A1 and PLA A2 could play important roles in the cytopathogenicity of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
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Castro-Garza J, Barrios-García HB, Cruz-Vega DE, Said-Fernández S, Carranza-Rosales P, Molina-Torres CA, Vera-Cabrera L. Use of a colorimetric assay to measure differences in cytotoxicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:733-737. [PMID: 17510256 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several techniques have been used to quantify the cytotoxicity produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli on cell monolayers; however, they are semi-quantitative or time consuming. Herein, a method based on crystal violet (CV) uptake by THP-1 cell monolayers is described. This colorimetric method quantifies the cytotoxic effect as a function of the number of remaining cells after the infection with M. tuberculosis. Since this micro-organism is not stained by the dye, it does not produce a background that affects absorbance readings. As determined by CV assay (CVA), M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv destroyed 10.5 % of THP-1 cell monolayers at 24 h and 50.52 % at 72 h, while M. tuberculosis strains lacking the complete phospholipase C locus produced a reduced cytotoxic effect. The damage estimated by microscopy corresponded to the effect quantified by CVA. The results show that the use of CVA is a rapid, sensitive and reliable quantitative assay to measure the cytotoxicity of different M. tuberculosis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Castro-Garza
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Hugo B Barrios-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Delia Elva Cruz-Vega
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Carmen A Molina-Torres
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 'José E. González', Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Lucio Vera-Cabrera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 'José E. González', Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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Borges-Argáez R, Canche-Chay CI, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Said-Fernández S, Molina-Salinas GM. Antimicrobial activity of Diospyros anisandra. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:370-2. [PMID: 17498888 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Leaves, root and stem bark of Diospyros anisandra were screened against two strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one resistant and one susceptible to antibiotics, using the microplate Alamar blue assay test. The lypophylic fractions of the root and bark showed significant inhibitory activity against both strains, with the hexane fraction of the bark showing the strongest activity (MIC 6.25 microg/ml) against the resistant strain and a significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The bioassay-guided purification of the bioactive hexane fraction resulted in the isolation and identification of the naphthoquinone plumbagin as one of the metabolites responsible for the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Borges-Argáez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No 130 Chuburná, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Navarrete-Vázquez G, Molina-Salinas GM, Duarte-Fajardo ZV, Vargas-Villarreal J, Estrada-Soto S, González-Salazar F, Hernández-Núñez E, Said-Fernández S. Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of 4-(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridines. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5502-8. [PMID: 17562368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
4-(5-Substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine derivatives 1-12 were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Some compounds showed an interesting activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv and five clinical isolates (drug-sensitive and -resistant strains). Compound 4 [4-(5-pentadecyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine] was 10 times more active than isoniazid, 20 times more active than streptomycin, and 28 times more potent than ethambutol against drug-resistant strain CIBIN 112. Compound 5 [4-(5-heptadecyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine] showed the same behavior as compound 4. Both of the above structures bear a high lipophilic chain bonded to the 5-position of the oxadiazole moiety. This fact implies that there exists a contribution of lipophilicity, which could facilitate the entrance of these molecules through lipid-enriched bacterial cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
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Molina-Salinas GM, Pérez-López A, Becerril-Montes P, Salazar-Aranda R, Said-Fernández S, de Torres NW. Evaluation of the flora of northern Mexico for in vitro antimicrobial and antituberculosis activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 109:435-41. [PMID: 17000069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of 14 plants used in northeast México for the treatment of respiratory diseases, against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Forty-eight organic and aqueous extracts were tested against these bacterial strains using a broth microdilution test. No aqueous extracts showed antimicrobial activity, whereas most of the organic extracts presented antimicrobial activity against at least one of the drug-resistant microorganisms tested. Methanol-based extracts from the roots and leaves of Leucophyllum frutescens and ethyl ether extract from the roots of Chrysanctinia mexicana showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against the drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 62.5, 125 and 62.5 microg/mL, respectively; methanol-based extract from the leaves of Cordia boissieri showed the best antimicrobial activity against the drug-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 250 microg/mL); the hexane-based extract from the fruits of Schinus molle showed considerable antimicrobial activity against the drug-resistant strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC 62.5 microg/mL). This study supports that selecting plants by ethnobotanical criteria enhances the possibility of finding species with activity against resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Molina-Salinas
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, U.A.N.L. P.O. Box 2316, Sucursal Tecnológico, 64841 Monterrey, N.L., México
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Encarnación-Dimayuga R, Agúndez-Espinoza J, García A, Delgado G, Molina-Salinas GM, Said-Fernández S. Two new cassane-type diterpenes from Calliandra californica with antituberculosis and cytotoxic activities. Planta Med 2006; 72:757-61. [PMID: 16755469 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-931587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
From the root of Calliandra californica two new cassane-type diterpenes were isolated and characterized, escobarine A (1) and B (2), which showed promising activities against two Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The microplate alamar blue assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 1 and 2 against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and the resistant CIBIN/UMF15 : 099 strains. The MIC of 1 against the resistant M. tuberculosis strain showed a value 8 times lower than that of rifampin. The structures of the bioactive constituents were established by extensive NMR data analyses (including 1D and 2D NMR). The relative configuration of 2 was confirmed by X-ray analysis and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by the circular dichroism method. Additionally, 1 and 2 displayed remarkable cytotoxic activity when evaluated against five human tumor cell lines.
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Molina-Salinas GM, Ramos-Guerra MC, Vargas-Villarreal J, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Becerril-Montes P, Said-Fernández S. Bactericidal activity of organic extracts from Flourensia cernua DC against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Arch Med Res 2006; 37:45-9. [PMID: 16314185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is a chronic disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of this species underscores the need for novel effective drugs against resistant mycobacteria as first-line antituberculosis medications. METHODS Crude aqueous (obtained by decoction, in accordance with the traditional mode of preparation), methanol, acetone, and hexane extracts from aerial parts of Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Marrubium vulgare L., Mentha spicata L., and Flourensia cernua DC were assessed for their ability to either inhibit the growth of or kill M. tuberculosis strains H37Rv and CIBIN:UMF:15:99, the former being sensitive to, and the latter resistant to, streptomycin, isoniazide, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. These five plant species are used in Mexico to treat respiratory disorders. RESULTS Flourensia cernua was the uniquely active plant among those evaluated. Its hexane and acetone extracts not only inhibited the growth of but killed M. tuberculosis. The hexane extract showed a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 and 25 microg/mL against sensitive and resistant strains, respectively; the acetone extract was active against only CIBIN:UMF:15:99 (MIC = 100 microg/mL). CONCLUSIONS The hexane extract from F. cernua leaves could be an important source of bactericidal compounds against multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noroeste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, Dávila-Rodríguez MI, Muraira-Rodríguez M, Said-Fernández S, Cerda-Flores RM. Association between the stages of cervical cancer and chromosome 1 aneusomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 159:44-7. [PMID: 15860356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The high-risk human papillomavirus is known to play a pivotal role in cervical carcinogenesis. Numerical and structural aberrations are known to be related to different behaviors of malignant cervical lesions. The aims of this study were (1) to assess the number of cervical cells with chromosome 1 aneusomy (monosomy, trisomy, and tetrasomy) in 20 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3, and invasive cancer) and three women without CIN by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), (2) to determine the heterogeneity of aneusomy among women within each of the five groups studied, (3) to determine the association between the four progressive stages of cervical cancer and the number of cells with and without aneusomy, (4) to determine the association between number of cells with and without aneusomy and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and (5) to determine its usefulness as a biomarker of cancer risk. A hospital-based unmatched case-control study in a sample of 23 women grouped by disease stage and selected by histology from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) in Mexico was conducted in 2002. Numerical aberrations of chromosome 1 in cervical smears were detected with FISH. HPV was detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and typing was performed with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs). Analysis of chromosome 1 aneusomy revealed (1) homogeneity among women within each one of the five groups, (2) a positive linear trend between the aneusomy frequency and grade of lesion, and (3) an association between aneusomy and high-risk HPV infection. These findings suggest the usefulness of the number of cervical cells with chromosome 1 aneusomy as a biomarker. In order to validate this biomarker we suggest a larger prospective study of cytological samples of patients with a longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva I Cortés-Gutiérrez
- Genetics Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correos No. 4, Apartado postal 20, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Carranza-Rosales P, Said-Fernández S, Sepúlveda-Saavedra J, Cruz-Vega DE, Gandolfi AJ. Morphologic and functional alterations induced by low doses of mercuric chloride in the kidney OK cell line: ultrastructural evidence for an apoptotic mechanism of damage. Toxicology 2005; 210:111-21. [PMID: 15840425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2004] [Revised: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mercury produces acute renal failure in experimental animal models, but the mechanism of tubular injury has not completely been clarified. There is an increased interest in the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of renal diseases that result primarily from injury to renal tubular epithelial cells. However, detailed studies of morpho-functional alterations induced by mercuric chloride in kidney cell lines are scarce. This work characterizes these alterations in OK cell cultures. Morphological alterations were profiled using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy, as well as mitochondrial functional assays in the cells exposed to low concentrations of HgCl2. At concentrations of 1 and 10 microM of HgCl2 there were no morphological or ultrastructural alterations, but the mitochondrial function (MTT assay) and intracellular ATP content was increased, especially at longer incubation times (6 and 9 h). At 15 microM HgCl2, both the mitochondrial activity and the endogenous ATP decreased significantly. At this concentration the OK cells rounded up, had increased number of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and detached from the cell monolayer. At 15 microM HgCl2 ultrastructural changes were characterized by dispersion of the ribosomes, dilatation of the cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, increase of number of cytoplasmic vacuoles, chromatin condensation, invaginations of the nuclear envelope, presence of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and alterations in the size and morphology of mitochondria. At 15 microM HgCl2 apoptotic signs included membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, mitochondrial alterations, apoptotic bodies, and nuclear envelope rupture. Using confocal microscopy and the mitochondrial specific dye MitoTracker Red, it was possible to establish qualitative changes induced by mercury on the mitochondrial membrane potential after incubation of the cells for 6 and 9h with 15 microM HgCl2. This effect was not observed at short times (1 and 3h) with this same concentration, neither with 1 and 10 microM HgCl2 in all the studied times. Taken together, these findings indicate that low concentrations of HgCl2 induce apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial function, and the OK cell line may be considered a useful tool for the study of programmed cell death involving mercurial species and other heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, Administración de Correos No. 4, Apartado Postal 020, Colonia Independencia, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64720, México.
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González-Salazar F, Cerda-Flores RM, Robledo-García JA, Valdovinos-Chávez S, Vargas-Villarreal J, Said-Fernández S. [Breastfeeding counseling and early mother-child contact are associated with exclusive maternal breastfeeding. A hospital-based-case-control study]. GAC MED MEX 2005; 141:99-103. [PMID: 15892456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the association between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and some factors that may influence breastfeeding in a closely related population attending a private hospital sponsored by a major Mexican brewing company. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective hospital-based unmatched case-control study. A sample of 124 mother-newborn couples was interviewed in a private medical unit in Monterrey, Mexico, from January 2001 to January 2002. The association between EBF and 11 explanatory factors was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Counseling and early contact between mother-newborn couples were positively associated with EBF. CONCLUSION Counseling and early contact improve EBF practice. We believe these two practices would favor better adherence to EBF in other populations.
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Vargas-Villarreal J, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Palacios-Corona R, González-Salazar F, Cortes-Gutierrez EI, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Said-Fernández S. TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS: IDENTIFICATION OF SOLUBLE AND MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED PHOSPHOLIPASE A1AND A2ACTIVITIES WITH DIRECT AND INDIRECT HEMOLYTIC EFFECTS. J Parasitol 2005; 91:5-11. [PMID: 15856864 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct hemolytic activity, dependent on phospholipase A (PLA) activity, was located in the particulate subcellular fraction (P30) of Trichomonas vaginalis. We identified soluble direct and indirect hemolytic activities in the spent medium and soluble fraction (S30) of T. vaginalis strain GT-13. Spent medium showed the highest specific indirect hemolytic activity (SIHA) at pH 6.0 (91 indirect hemolytic units [HU]/mg/hr). Spent medium and P30, but not S30, showed direct hemolytic activity. PLA activity was protein dose dependent and time dependent. The highest PLA activity was observed at pH 6.0. All trichomonad preparations showed phospholipase A1 (PLA A1) and phospholipase A2 (PLA A2) activities. Indirect and direct hemolytic activity and PLA A1 and PLA A2 diminished at pH 6.0 and 8.0 with increasing concentrations of Rosenthal's inhibitor. The greatest effect was observed with 80 microM at pH 6.0 on the SIHA of S30 (83% reduction) and the lowest at pH 8.0, also on the SIHA of S30 (26% reduction). In conclusion, T. vaginalis contains particulate and soluble acidic, and alkaline direct and indirect hemolytic activities, which are partially dependent on alkaline or acidic PLA A1 and PLA A2 enzymes. These could be responsible for the contact-dependent and -independent hemolytic and cytolytic activities of T. vaginalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de correo No. 4, Apartado postal 020-E, Colonia Independencia, Monterrey, CP 64720, Nuevo León, México
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Abstract
A major component of the Entamoeba cyst wall is chitin, a homopolymer of beta-(1,4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Polymerization of chitin requires the presence of active chitin synthases (CHS), a group of enzymes belonging to the family of beta-glycosyl transferases. CHS have been described for fungi, insects, and nematodes; however, information is lacking about the structure and expression of this class of enzymes in protozoons such as Entamoeba. In this study, the primary structures of two putative E. histolytica CHS (EhCHS-1 and EhCHS-2) were determined by gene cloning and homologous proteins were identified in databases from E. dispar and the reptilian parasite E. invadens. The latter constitutes the widely used model organism for the study of Entamoeba cyst development. The two ameba enzymes revealed between 23% and 33% sequence similarity to CHS from other organisms with full conservation of all residues critically important for CHS activity. Interestingly, EhCHS-1 and EhCHS-2 differed substantially in their predicted molecular weights (73 kD vs. 114 kD) as well as in their isoelectric points (5.04 vs. 8.05), and homology was restricted to a central stretch of about 400 amino acid residues containing the catalytic domain. Outside the catalytic domain, EhCHS-1 was predicted to have seven transmembrane helices (TMH) of which the majority is located within the C-terminal part, resembling the situation found in yeast; whereas, EhCHS-2 is structurally related to nematode or insect chitin synthases, as it contained 17 predicted TMHs of which the majority is located within the N-terminal part of the molecule. Northern blot analysis revealed that genes corresponding to CHS-1 and CHS-2 are not expressed in Entamoeba trophozoites, but substantial amounts of CHS-1 and CHS-2 RNA were present 4 to 8 hours after induction of cyst formation by glucose deprivation of E. invadens. The time-courses of expression differed slightly between the two ameba CHS genes, as in contrast to CHS-1 RNA, expression of CHS-2 RNA was more transient and no plateau was observed between 8 and 16 hours of encystation. However, both CHS RNAs were no longer detectable after 48 hours when most of the cells had been transformed into mature cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Campos-Góngora
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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Gomez-Flores A, Welsh O, Said-Fernández S, Lozano-Garza G, Tavarez-Alejandro RE, Vera-Cabrera L. In vitro and in vivo activities of antimicrobials against Nocardia brasiliensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:832-7. [PMID: 14982772 PMCID: PMC353153 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.3.832-837.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mexico mycetomas are mostly produced by Nocardia brasiliensis, which can be isolated from about 86% of cases. In the present work, we determined the sensitivities of 30 N. brasiliensis strains isolated from patients with mycetoma to several groups of antimicrobials. As a first screening step we carried out disk diffusion assays with 44 antimicrobials, including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones, macrolides, and some others. In these assays we observed that some antimicrobials have an effect on more than 66% of the strains: linezolid, amikacin, gentamicin, isepamicin, netilmicin, tobramycin, minocycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, nitroxolin, and spiramycin. Drug activity was confirmed quantitatively by the broth microdilution method. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, linezolid, and amikacin, which have been used to treat patients, were tested in an experimental model of mycetoma in BALB/c mice in order to validate the in vitro results. Linezolid showed the highest activity in vivo, followed by the combination amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amikacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gomez-Flores
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "José E. González," Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, Monterrey, N.L., México
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Vargas-Villarreal J, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Deslauriers M, Quinn FD, Castro-Garza J, Martínez-Rodrĺguez HG, Said-Fernández S. Identification of acidic, alkaline, and neutral sphingomyelinase activities in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Med Sci Monit 2003; 9:BR225-30. [PMID: 12824945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingomyelinase enzymes are pathogenic factors of several intracellular bacteria species, which have been little studied in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MATERIAL/METHODS Cell free extracts from H37Rv and CDC-1551 M. tuberculosis strains were assayed for sphingomyelinase activity by using [N-methyl-14C]-sphingomyelin as substrate. Double-directional thin-layer chromatography was used to separate the substrate and hydrolysis product. Sphingomyelinase activity was analyzed as a function of incubation time, dose, pH and the presence of MgCl2, CaCl2, ZnSO4, HgCl2, MnCl2, CoCl2 and EDTA (1 or 10 mM). RESULTS Mycobacterial preparations hydrolyzed [14C]-sphingomyelin, in time- and dose-dependent manners, producing [14C]-phosphorylcholine as a unique product. The activity of H37Rv neutral sphingomyelinase at pH 7.5 was 2.15 times higher than that of CDC-1551. This activity was inhibited 21-82% by Ca2+, Hg2+ or Zn2+ and EDTA, and stimulated 40-117% by Mn2+ and Mg2+. In addition, preparations from both strains showed two peaks of sphingomyelinase, one at pH 5.5 and the other at pH 3.0. However, these activities were 4-22 times lower than that observed at pH 7.5 for strain H37Rv. Preparations from H37Rv, but not those of CDC-1551, hydrolyzed sphingomyelin at pH 8-9, with a specific activity similar to that of the neutral CDC-1551 enzyme. CONCLUSIONS Both strains H37Rv and CDC-1551 of M. tuberculosis have cation-dependent acidic and neutral sphingomyelinase-C enzymes, showing the neutral as the major activity. In addition, H37Rv has an alkaline sphingomyelinase-C. The importance of SMases in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Monterey, N.L, Mexico
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Vargas-Villarreal J, Mata-Cárdenas BD, González-Salazar F, Lozano-Garza HG, Cortes-Gutierrez EI, Palaclos-Corona R, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Ramírez-Bon E, Said-Fernández S. Trichomonas vaginalis: identification of a phospholipase A-dependent hemolytic activity in a vesicular subcellular fraction. J Parasitol 2003; 89:105-12. [PMID: 12659311 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0105:tvioap]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonad total extracts (TTE), or vesicular (P30) and soluble (530) subcellular fractions from 3 pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis strains (GT-3. GT-13. and GT-15), lysed both human and Sprague-Dawley rat erythrocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The entire hemolytic activity of TTE was located in P30, showing 2 peaks of maximum activity, one at pH 6.0 and another at pH 8.0. in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. Hemolytic activity on rat erythrocytes was greater at pH 6.0 16.71 +/- 0.33 hemolytic units IHU]/mg/hr to 11.60 +/- 0.24 HU/mg/hr) than at pH 8.0 (3.81 +/- 0.30 HU/mg/hr to 5.75 +/- 0.65 HU/mg/hr). and it was greater than that on human red blood cells at pH 6.0 (2.67 +/- 0.19 HU/mg/hr to 4.08 +/- 0.15 HU/mg/hr) or pH 8.0 (2.24 +/- 0.0 9 HU/mg/hr to 2.81 +/- 0.06 HU/mg/hr). The alkaline and acidic hemolytic activity diminished (60-93% at pH 6.0 and 78-93% at pH 8.0) by the effect of 80 microM Rosenthal's inhibitor, which also inhibited 27-45% and 29-54% trichomonad alkaline and acidic phospholipase A activities, respectively. Vesicles, vacuoles, and hydrogenosomes were rich in P30. Trichomonas vaginalis has a hemolytic PLA, which could be involved in its cytopathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correos No. 4, Apartado Postal 020-E, Colonia Independencia, Monterrey, CP 64720, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Said-Fernández S, Campos-Góngora E, González-Salazar F, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Vargas-Villarreal J, Viader-Salvadó JM. Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ stimulate Entamoeba histolytica to produce chitin-like material. J Parasitol 2001; 87:919-23. [PMID: 11534662 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0919:mmacse]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of Entamoeba histolytica cyst cell wall synthesis is not well understood. Previous research has shown that cyst-like structures formed in the presence of chitin synthase cofactors (Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) resist 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate lysis (RCLS), whereas those formed in the absence of cofactors (CLS) do not, and trophozoites are immediately destroyed. This suggests that E. histolytica is able to synthesize chitin, initiating a differentiation process under axenic conditions. To test this hypothesis, polysaccharide hydrolysates from E. histolytica trophozoites, CLS, or RCLS were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The major components found in all 3 preparations were N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and glucose (GLC), with RCLS possessing 129 and 180 times more NAG and 2.4 and 2.0 more GLC than trophozoites and CLS, respectively. After 36 hr of incubation with chitinase (16 U/ml) in a hypotonic medium (50 mOsm/kg), 68% of RCLS was lysed, and 100% lost affinity for calcofluor white M2R. The RCLS polysaccharides bound wheat germ agglutinin and appeared as long and thin or short and thick fibers. Accordingly, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ stimulated E. histolytica to synthesize a chitin-like material.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León
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Mata-Cárdenas BD, Vargas-Villarreal J, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Castro-Garza J, González-Garza MT, Said-Fernández S. Auxotrophy to lipoproteins of Entamoeba histolytica cultivated under axenic conditions. Parasitol Res 2000; 86:1018-21. [PMID: 11133106 DOI: 10.1007/pl00008522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica grows in media without serum but with a mixture of aminoacids, vitamins, lipoproteins, free cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids called PACSR. The ability of lipoproteins and free lipids to support growth of three E. histolytica strains (HK9, HMI:IMSS and HM3:IMSS) was analysed. Tubes containing 5 ml culture medium, amino acids, vitamins and either 120-1,200 microg lipoproteins/ml or 0.017-0.10 mg free lipids/ml (predissolved in absolute ethanol) were inoculated with 1x10(4) trophozoites/ml and incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 h. Amoebae died within 12 h in the presence of any free lipid combination, while those having 240-480 mg lipoproteins/ml reached densities similar to or higher than those of controls (depending on strain). The addition of ethanol (0.1%) to the media produced stable lipid solutions and did not show significant adverse effects. Accordingly, E. histolytica is auxotrophic to lipoproteins and unable to use free cholesterol, phospholipids or fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Mata-Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, División de Bíologia Celular y Molecular, Administración de Correos No. 4, Monterrey, México
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46
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González-Garza MT, Castro-Garza J, Cruz-Vega DE, Vargas-Villarreal J, Carranza-Rosales P, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Siller-Campos L, Said-Fernández S. Entamoeba histolytica: diminution of erythrophagocytosis, phospholipase A(2), and hemolytic activities is related to virulence impairment in long-term axenic cultures. Exp Parasitol 2000; 96:116-9. [PMID: 11052870 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2000.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M T González-Garza
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, Administración de Correos, No. 4, Apartado Postal 20, CP 64720, Monterrey, N.L., México
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Said-Fernández S, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Said-Fernández SL, Salinas-Carmona MC, Barrera-Saldaña HA, Santillán AA, Hernández-García A, Aguilar-Córdoba E, Rojas-Martínez A, González-Salazar F. [Advances and perspectives in molecular medicine]. GAC MED MEX 2000; 136:455-75. [PMID: 11080930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México.
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48
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Mata-Cárdenas BD, Vargas-Villarreal J, González-Salazar F, Martínez-Rodríguez H, Morales-Vallarta M, Said-Fernández S. Entamoeba histolytica is unable to use free cholesterol, phospholipids, and fatty acids under axenic cultivation conditions. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S212-3. [PMID: 11070288 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B D Mata-Cárdenas
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
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49
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González-Salazar F, Viader-Salvadó JM, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Campos-Góngora E, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Said-Fernández S. Identification of seven chemical factors that favor high-quality Entamoeba histolytica cyst-like structure formation under axenic conditions. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S192-3. [PMID: 11070279 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F González-Salazar
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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50
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Carranza-Rosales P, Said-Fernández S, Ruiz-Ordoñez J, Villarreal-Treviño L, Verduzco-Martínez J, Cruz-Vega DE, Morales-Vallarta M. Sequential changes occurring on the surface of Entamoeba invadens during encystation observed by scanning electron microscopy. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S200-1. [PMID: 11070283 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Carranza-Rosales
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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