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Guest RD, Kirillova N, Mowbray S, Gornall H, Rothwell DG, Cheadle EJ, Austin E, Smith K, Watt SM, Kühlcke K, Westwood N, Thistlethwaite F, Hawkins RE, Gilham DE. Definition and application of good manufacturing process-compliant production of CEA-specific chimeric antigen receptor expressing T-cells for phase I/II clinical trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:133-45. [PMID: 24190544 PMCID: PMC11029514 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy employing gene-modified T-cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown promising preclinical activity in a range of model systems and is now being tested in the clinical setting. The manufacture of CAR T-cells requires compliance with national and European regulations for the production of medicinal products. We established such a compliant process to produce T-cells armed with a first-generation CAR specific for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). CAR T-cells were successfully generated for 14 patients with advanced CEA(+) malignancy. Of note, in the majority of patients, the defined procedure generated predominantly CD4(+) CAR T-cells with the general T-cell population bearing an effector-memory phenotype and high in vitro effector function. Thus, improving the process to generate less-differentiated T-cells would be more desirable in the future for effective adoptive gene-modified T-cell therapy. However, these results confirm that CAR T-cells can be generated in a manner compliant with regulations governing medicinal products in the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Guest
- Cellular Therapeutics, Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9XX UK
| | | | - Sam Mowbray
- Cellular Therapeutics, Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9XX UK
| | - Hannah Gornall
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - Dominic G. Rothwell
- Clinical Immune and Molecular Monitoring Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Eric Austin
- Stem Cells and Immunotherapy, NHSBT Liverpool Centre, Speke, Liverpool, UK
| | - Keith Smith
- Stem Cells and Immunotherapy, NHSBT Liverpool Centre, Speke, Liverpool, UK
| | - Suzanne M. Watt
- Stem Cell Research, NHS Blood and Transplant Oxford Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Klaus Kühlcke
- EUFETS GmbH, Vollmersbachstr. 66, 55743 Idar-Oberstein, Germany
| | - Nigel Westwood
- Cancer Research UK Drug Development Office, Angel Building, 407 St John Street, London, EC1V 4AD UK
| | - Fiona Thistlethwaite
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert E. Hawkins
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, UK
| | - David E. Gilham
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
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Guest RD, Rothwell DG, Kirillova N, Mowbray S, Sheard V, Gibbons S, Acton E, Gilham D, Morris GJ, Hawkins R. 059 Role of cryopreservation in the clinical delivery of T cell based adoptive cell therapies (ACT). Cryobiology 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sedlak DL, Deeb RA, Hawley EL, Mitch WA, Durbin TD, Mowbray S, Carr S. Sources and fate of nitrosodimethylamine and its precursors in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Water Environ Res 2005; 77:32-9. [PMID: 15765933 DOI: 10.2175/106143005x41591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To assess the occurrence and fate of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and its precursors in wastewater treatment plants, samples from wastewater treatment plants and industrial sources were analyzed for NDMA, total NDMA precursors, and dimethylamine (DMA). The median concentration of NDMA in untreated wastewater was approximately 80 ng/L, with maximum concentrations up to 790 ng/L presumably occuring because of sources unrelated to domestic wastewater. Concentrations of DMA in untreated wastewater ranged from approximately 50 to 120 microg/L and accounted for a majority of the NDMA precursors. The removal of NDMA during secondary biological treatment exhibited considerable variability, with overall removal ranging from 0 to 75%. In contrast, removal of NDMA precursors and DMA generally exceeded 70%. The median concentration of NDMA in secondary effluent before disinfection was 46 ng/L. Although DMA was removed during secondary treatment, other NDMA precursors in wastewater effluent will result in formation of additional NDMA upon disinfection with chloramines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Sedlak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
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Binnie RA, Zhang H, Mowbray S, Hermodson MA. Functional mapping of the surface of Escherichia coli ribose-binding protein: mutations that affect chemotaxis and transport. Protein Sci 1992; 1:1642-51. [PMID: 1304894 PMCID: PMC2142133 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560011212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ribose-binding protein is a bifunctional soluble receptor found in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Interaction of liganded binding protein with the ribose high affinity transport complex results in the transfer of ribose across the cytoplasmic membrane. Alternatively, interaction of liganded binding protein with a chemotactic signal transducer, Trg, initiates taxis toward ribose. We have generated a functional map of the surface of ribose-binding protein by creating and analyzing directed mutations of exposed residues. Residues in an area on the cleft side of the molecule including both domains have effects on transport. A portion of the area involved in transport is also essential to chemotactic function. On the opposite face of the protein, mutations in residues near the hinge are shown to affect chemotaxis specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Binnie
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1153
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Ninfa EG, Stock A, Mowbray S, Stock J. Reconstitution of the bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction system from purified components. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:9764-70. [PMID: 1851755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In bacterial chemotaxis, transmembrane receptor proteins detect attractants and repellents in the medium and send intracellular signals that control motility. The cytoplasmic proteins that transduce information from the receptors to the flagellar motor have previously been purified and many of their enzymatic activities have been identified. Here we report the reconstitution of the complete signal transduction system from purified components. The protein kinase, CheA, plays a central role in both the initial excitation response to stimuli as well as subsequent events associated with adaptation. This kinase provides phosphoryl groups to two acceptor proteins, CheY, which interacts with the flagellar motor, and CheB, which demethylates the receptors. The purified aspartate receptor, Tar, reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles, acts in conjunction with an auxiliary protein, CheW, to stimulate the rate of kinase autophosphorylation greater than 10-fold. This stimulation is inhibited by aspartate. The activity of the kinase is increased by increased levels of receptor methylation. This effect provides a mechanism that explains how changes in receptor methylation mediate adaptive responses to attractant and repellant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Ninfa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
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Stewart J, Mowbray S. Genetic analysis of physiological homeostasis: glomerular filtration rate following saline loading in mice. Genet Res (Camb) 1972; 19:61-72. [PMID: 5024714 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300014270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYSaline loading caused an increase in glomerular filtration rate in RAP mice but not in CBA mice. On the basis of progeny testing of F 2 hybrids, backcrosses to CBA, and inbred lines derived from backcrosses to RAP, it was concluded that the difference between the strains RAP and CBA was probably largely accounted for by a single gene locus. The use of this gene in physiological investigations of the control of glomerular filtration rate is suggested.
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