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Nevanperä S, Hu N, Walker S, Avela J, Piirainen JM. Modulation of H-reflex and V-wave responses during dynamic balance perturbations. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1599-1610. [PMID: 37142781 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Motoneuron excitability is possible to measure using H-reflex and V-wave responses. However, it is not known how the motor control is organized, how the H-reflex and V-wave responses modulate and how repeatable these are during dynamic balance perturbations. To assess the repeatability, 16 participants (8 men, 8 women) went through two, identical measurement sessions with ~ 48 h intervals, where maximal isometric plantar flexion (IMVC) and dynamic balance perturbations in horizontal, anterior-posterior direction were performed. Soleus muscle (SOL) neural modulation during balance perturbations were measured at 40, 70, 100 and 130 ms after ankle movement by using both H-reflex and V-wave methods. V-wave, which depicts the magnitude of efferent motoneuronal output (Bergmann et al. in JAMA 8:e77705, 2013), was significantly enhanced as early as 70 ms after the ankle movement. Both the ratio of M-wave-normalized V-wave (0.022-0.076, p < 0.001) and H-reflex (0.386-0.523, p < 0.001) increased significantly at the latency of 70 ms compared to the latency of 40 ms and remained at these levels at latter latencies. In addition, M-wave normalized V-wave/H-reflex ratio increased from 0.056 to 0.179 (p < 0.001). The repeatability of V-wave demonstrated moderate-to-substantial repeatability (ICC = 0.774-0.912) whereas the H-reflex was more variable showing fair-to-substantial repeatability (ICC = 0.581-0.855). As a conclusion, V-wave was enhanced already at 70 ms after the perturbation, which may indicate that increased activation of motoneurons occurred due to changes in descending drive. Since this is a short time-period for voluntary activity, some other, potentially subcortical responses might be involved for V-wave increment rather than voluntary drive. Our results addressed the usability and repeatability of V-wave method during dynamic conditions, which can be utilized in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuli Nevanperä
- Sports Technology Program, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Kidekuja 2, 88610, Vuokatti, Finland.
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, PL35, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Nijia Hu
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, PL35, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Simon Walker
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, PL35, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Janne Avela
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, PL35, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jarmo M Piirainen
- Sports Technology Program, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Kidekuja 2, 88610, Vuokatti, Finland
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, PL35, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Hu N, Avela J, Kidgell DJ, Nevanperä S, Walker S, Piirainen JM. Reliability of transcranial magnetic stimulation and H-reflex measurement during balance perturbation tasks. Front Physiol 2022; 13:957650. [PMID: 36311220 PMCID: PMC9614306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.957650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following ankle movement, posterior balance perturbation evokes short- (SLR ∼30–50 ms), medium- (MLR ∼50–60 ms), and long-latency responses (LLR ∼70–90 ms) in soleus muscle before voluntary muscle contraction. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) measurements can provide insight into the contributions of corticospinal and spinal mechanisms to each response. Motor evoked potential (MEP) and H-reflex responses have shown good reliability in some dynamic muscle contraction tasks. However, it is still unclear how reliable these methods are in dynamic balance perturbation and corticospinal modulation during long amplitude balance perturbation tasks. 14 subjects completed two test sessions in this study to evaluate the reliability of MEPs, H-reflex, and corticospinal modulation during balance perturbation. In each session, the balance perturbation system operated at 0.25 m/s, accelerating at 2.5 m/s2 over 0.3 m displacement. MEPs and H-reflexes were elicited in the right leg soleus muscle at four delays after ankle movement (10 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, and 140 ms), respectively. Test-retest reliability of MEP and H-reflex amplitudes were assessed via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) both between- and within-session. Between-session test-retest reliability for MEPs was excellent (ICC = 0.928–0.947), while H-reflex demonstrated moderate-to-good reliability (ICC = 0.626–0.887). Within-session reliability for both MEPs and H-reflex was excellent (ICC = 0.927–0.983). TMS and H-reflex measurements were reliable at different delays after perturbation between- and within-sessions, which indicated that these methods can be used to measure corticospinal excitability during balance perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijia Hu
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- *Correspondence: Nijia Hu,
| | - Janne Avela
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dawson J. Kidgell
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuli Nevanperä
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Simon Walker
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jarmo M. Piirainen
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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