1
|
Bruno P, Pala D, Micoli A, Corsi M, Accetta A, Carzaniga L, Ronchi P, Fiorelli C, Formica M, Pizzirani D, Mazzucato R, Guariento S, Bertolini S, Martucci C, Allen AD, Mileo V, Capacchi S, Gallo PM, Fioni A, Xanxo Fernandez S, Villetti G, Puccini P, Civelli M, Guala M, Retini M, Martinelli P, Visentini F, Pavoni V, Daldosso M, Fontana S, Biagetti M, Capelli AM. Discovery of CHF-6523, an Inhaled Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39635891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
The design of inhaled selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases was pursued. Knowledge-based design of a novel isocoumarin scaffold that was able to adopt a propeller-shape topology ensured the desired PI3Kδ selectivity. Achievement of low nanomolar cellular potencies through hinge binder group optimization, reduction of intrinsic permeability through head group optimization to extend lung retention, and screening of crystalline forms suitable for administration as dry powders culminated in the identification of compound 18. This novel inhaled selective PI3Kδ inhibitor displayed durable anti-inflammatory activity in a disease-relevant rat model of Th-2-driven acute lung inflammation and safe in vitro and in vivo preclinical profiles. Therefore, compound 18 showed the appropriate discovery profile and was progressed to clinical trials in healthy volunteers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients as CHF-6523.
Collapse
|
2
|
Pala D, Ronchi P, Rescigno D, Bertani B, Capelli AM, Guariento S, Marchini G, Milioli M, Cesari N, Federico G, Grandi A, Stellari FF, Fernandez SX, Pappani A, Venturi L, Biagetti M, Civelli M, Semeraro T, Bianchi F, Trist IML, Remelli R, Armani E, Pizzirani D. Design, Synthesis, and Activity of a Novel Series of Pyridazine-Based ALK5 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1925-1932. [PMID: 39563792 PMCID: PMC11571009 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
ALK5 inhibitors represent an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of a variety of pathologies, including cancer and fibrosis. Herein, we report the design and in vitro characterization of a novel series of ALK5 modulators featuring a 4,6-disubstituted pyridazine core. A knowledge-based scaffold-hopping exploration was initially conducted on a restricted set of heteroaromatic cores using available ligand- and structure-based information. The most potent structurally novel hit compound 2A was subsequently subjected to a preliminary optimization for the inhaled delivery, applying physicochemical criteria aimed at minimizing systemic exposure to limit the risk of adverse side effects. The resulting inhibitors showed a marked boost in potency against ALK5 and in vitro ADME properties, potentially favoring lung retention. The optimized hits 20 and 23 might thus be considered promising starting points for the development of novel inhaled ALK5 inhibitors.
Collapse
|
3
|
Del Vecchio A, Rosadoni E, Ballerini L, Cuzzola A, Lipparini F, Ronchi P, Guariento S, Biagetti M, Lessi M, Bellina F. Transition Metal-Driven Selectivity in Direct C-H Arylation of Imidazo[2,1-b]Thiazole. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202400180. [PMID: 39051713 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A selective direct arylation of the different Csp2-H bonds of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole with (hetero) aryl halides can be achieved simply by switching from a palladium catalyst system to the use of stoichiometric amounts of copper. The observed selectivity, also rationalized by DFT calculations, can be explained by a change in the mechanistic pathways between electrophilic palladation and base-promoted C-H metalation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bruno P, Micoli A, Corsi M, Pala D, Guariento S, Fiorelli C, Ronchi P, Fioni A, Gallo PM, Marenghi G, Bertolini S, Capacchi S, Mileo V, Biagetti M, Capelli AM. Discovery and Optimization of Pyridazinones as PI3Kδ Selective Inhibitors for Administration by Inhalation. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11103-11124. [PMID: 38907711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
A hit-to-lead campaign pursuing the identification of novel inhalant small-molecule phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory respiratory diseases is disclosed. A synthetically versatile pyridazin-3(2H)-one scaffold was designed, and three exit vectors on the core moiety were used to explore chemical diversity and optimize pharmacological and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. Desired modulation of PI3Kδ selectivity and cellular potency as well as ADME properties in view of administration by inhalation was achieved. Intratracheal administration of lead compound 26 resulted in a promising pharmacokinetic profile, thus demonstrating that the optimization strategy of in vitro profiles successfully translated to an in vivo setting.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosadoni E, Bombonato E, Del Vecchio A, Guariento S, Ronchi P, Bellina F. Direct Decarboxylative C-2 Alkylation of Azoles through Minisci-Type Coupling. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14236-14241. [PMID: 37729603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This note discusses the application of a Minisci-type reaction for the direct alkylation of azoles with carboxylic acids as radical precursors. Different reaction conditions were investigated to achieve high yield of the desired products, focusing on acid strength and solvent screening. Moreover, the reactivity of imidazoles with various carboxylic acids was investigated, showing good yield for most cases. The study reveals the potential of this approach for late-stage functionalization in drug discovery.
Collapse
|
6
|
Guariento S, Chesi M, Bellina F, Copelli D, Venturi L, Bua E, Moretti E, Ronchi P. New Ligandless C−H Activation Procedure for The Decoration of C‐3 Position of 1H‐Indazole Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
7
|
Ronchi P, Guariento S, Pala D, Pizzirani D, Fiorelli C, Bruno P, Nigroni V, Biagetti M. F-based Small Group Decoration of Heteroarenes Via C-H Activation: Medicinal Chemistry Rationale and Late Stage Synthetic Methods. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210706130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of F-based decorations in drug discovery started from the development of
fluorocorticoids and fluorochinolones (1950s and 1980s respectively) and it resulted in about
20% of approved drugs on the Market containing fluorine. From a medicinal chemistry perspective,
the installation of F-based small groups (e.g. -CF3, -CF2H, -OCF3, -OCF2H, -SCF3, -
SCF2H) necessarily impacts on physicochemical, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and
toxicological properties of small molecules. Accordingly, a huge interest on this topic is constantly
arising in the medicinal chemistry community. Focusing on heteroarenes, the synthetic
access to these substitutions is guaranteed by a number of effective reactions, such as Miniscitype
reaction, photochemistry or electrochemistry C-H activation. The aim of this work is to
analyze the rational in using these groups in medicinal chemistry and to highlight the current
available synthetic toolbox of C-H activation for their introduction on heteroarenes of pharmaceutical interest. A particular
focus has been given to those procedures amenable at late-stage functionalisation process.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bellina F, Biagetti M, Guariento S, Lessi M, Fausti M, Ronchi P, Rosadoni E. Ligand-free Pd/Ag-mediated dehydrogenative alkynylation of imidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25504-25509. [PMID: 35478867 PMCID: PMC9036978 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of 2-alkynyl(benzo)imidazoles have been synthesized by dehydrogenative alkynylation of (benzo)imidazoles with terminal alkyne in NMP under air in the presence of Ag2CO3 as the oxidant and Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst precursor. The data obtained in this study support a reaction mechanism involving a non-concerted metalation deprotonation (n-CMD) pathway. The regioselective synthesis of 2-alkynyl(benz)imidazoles was successfully achieved by Pd(ii)/Ag(i)-mediated dehydrogenative alkynylation of the corresponding (benz)imidazoles with terminal alkynes in an open vessel.![]()
Collapse
|
9
|
Guariento S, Tonelli M, Espinoza S, Gerasimov AS, Gainetdinov RR, Cichero E. Rational design, chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of novel biguanides exploring species-specificity responsiveness of TAAR1 agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:171-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Guariento S, Franchini S, Tonelli M, Fossa P, Sorbi C, Cichero E, Brasili L. Exhaustive CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses around different chemical entities: a ligand-based study exploring the affinity and selectivity profiles of 5-HT 1A ligands. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:214-230. [PMID: 28114832 PMCID: PMC6009877 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1247057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1A) receptors represent an attractive target in drug discovery. In particular, 5-HT1A agonists and partial agonists are deeply investigated for their potential role in the treatment of anxiety, depression, ischaemic brain disorder and more recently, of pain. On the other hand, 5-HT1A antagonists have been revealed promising compounds in cognition disorders and, lately, in cancer. Thus, the discovery of 5HT1A ligands is nowadays an appealing research activity in medicinal chemistry. In this work, Comparative Molecular Fields Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Index Analysis (CoMSIA) were applied on an in-house library of 5-HT1A ligands bearing different chemical scaffolds in order to elucidate their affinity and selectivity for the target. Following this procedure, a number of structural modifications have been drawn for the development of much more effective 5-HT1AR ligands.
Collapse
|
11
|
Guariento S, Karawajczyk A, Bull JA, Marchini G, Bielska M, Iwanowa X, Bruno O, Fossa P, Giordanetto F. Design and synthesis of 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐1,2‐diazepin‐7‐one derivatives as a new series of Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:24-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
D'Ursi P, Guariento S, Trombetti G, Orro A, Cichero E, Milanesi L, Fossa P, Bruno O. Further Insights in the Binding Mode of Selective Inhibitors to Human PDE4D Enzyme Combining Docking and Molecular Dynamics. Mol Inform 2016; 35:369-81. [PMID: 27546041 PMCID: PMC5094559 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201501033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has recently emerged as a possible field of application for PDE4D inhibitors (PDE4DIs). The great structure similarity among the various PDE4 isoforms and, furthermore, the lack of the full length crystal structure of the enzyme, impaired the rational design of new selective PDE4DIs. In this paper, with the aim of exploring new insights into the PDE4D binding, we tackled the problem by performing a computational study based on docking simulations combined with molecular dynamics (D-MD). Our work uniquely identified the binding mode and the key residues involved in the interaction with a number of in-house catechol iminoether derivatives, acting as PDE4DIs. Moreover, the new binding mode was tested using a series of analogues previously reported by us and it was used to confirm their key structural features to allow PDE4D inhibition. The binding model disclosed within the current computational study may prove to be useful to further advance the design and synthesis of novel, more potent and selective, PDE4D inhibitors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Guariento S, Bruno O, Fossa P, Cichero E. New insights into PDE4B inhibitor selectivity: CoMFA analyses and molecular docking studies. Mol Divers 2015; 20:77-92. [PMID: 26290462 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PDE4 inhibitors have been largely studied because of their promising therapeutic effects concerning inflammation and neurodegenerative dysfunctions, such as depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's diseases. In this context, the PDE4B isoform proved to be particularly involved in the activation of inflammatory responses, while the PDE4D subfamily is more associated with neuropathologies. The clinical use of PDE4 inhibitors was restricted by the presence of prominent side effects probably due to their non-specific action across the different isoforms. Therefore, this work deals with the development of 3D-QSAR models, supported by molecular docking studies, to identify the key requirements underlying selective PDE4B or PDE4D inhibition. The results highlighted the ligand-based approach as a promising tool to guide the rational design of novel PDE4 inhibitors endowed with high affinity and selectivity profiles. The alignment of compound 1-85 and the model A statistical results are depicted.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cichero E, Menozzi G, Guariento S, Fossa P. Ligand-based homology modelling of the human CB2 receptor SR144528 antagonist binding site: a computational approach to explore the 1,5-diaryl pyrazole scaffold. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00333d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SR144528 docking mode into the LBHM of the human CB2 receptor antagonist binding site.
Collapse
|
15
|
Brullo C, Massa M, Rocca M, Rotolo C, Guariento S, Rivera D, Ricciarelli R, Fedele E, Fossa P, Bruno O. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of new 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzaldehyde O-(2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-2-oxoethyl) Oxime (GEBR-7b) related phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7061-72. [PMID: 25126889 DOI: 10.1021/jm500855w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl derivatives, structurally related to our hit GEBR-4a (1) and GEBR-7b (2), has been designed by changing length and functionality of the chain linking the catecholic moiety to the terminal cycloamine portion. Among the numerous molecules synthesized, compounds 8, 10a, and 10b showed increased potency as PDE4D enzyme inhibitors with respect to 2 and a good selectivity against PDE4A4, PDE4B2, and PDE4C2 enzymes, without both cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The ability to enhance cAMP level in neuronal cells was assessed for compound 8. SAR considerations, also confirmed by in silico docking simulations, evidenced that both chain and amino terminal function characterized by higher hydrophilicity are required for a good and selective inhibitor-catalytic pocket interaction.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cichero E, Espinoza S, Franchini S, Guariento S, Brasili L, Gainetdinov RR, Fossa P. Further Insights Into the Pharmacology of the Human Trace Amine-Associated Receptors: Discovery of Novel Ligands for TAAR1 by a Virtual Screening Approach. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:712-20. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
17
|
Mazzali G, Bissoli L, Gambina S, Residori L, Pagliari P, Guariento S, Sun M, Broggio E, Bosello O, Zamboni M. Energy balance in Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2005; 6:247-53. [PMID: 12486444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer s disease is the most frequent cause of dementia in elderly people and it is one of the leading causes of death among older individuals. Weight loss is a frequent clinical finding in Alzheimer s disease patients, and it is actually listed as a symptom consistent with the diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease, but its significance has not been clearly understood until now. This review examines the role of the components of energy balance in determining weight loss in AD patients, on the basis of data collected from the literature. We also considered the possible causes of anorexia in AD patients. In the last years many researchers investigated the possible role of abnormally high energy expenditure, or low energy intakes, or both, to explain weight loss in these patients. Studies on energy intake, energy expenditure and body composition in AD patients have been reviewed. The results of published studies do not seem to support the hypothesis of an hypermetabolic state or inadequate energy intake in AD patients, but further studies, with greater samples are necessary in the future to investigate weight loss in AD patients. A better understanding of this finding could be important to obtain the maximal lifespan of demented patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zoico E, Di Francesco V, Guralnik JM, Mazzali G, Bortolani A, Guariento S, Sergi G, Bosello O, Zamboni M. Physical disability and muscular strength in relation to obesity and different body composition indexes in a sample of healthy elderly women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2004; 28:234-41. [PMID: 14708033 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to test the association between muscular strength, functional limitations, body composition measurements and indexes of sarcopenia in a sample of community-dwelling, elderly women at the high end of the functional spectrum. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SUBJECTS In all, 167 women aged 67-78 y were selected from the general population in central Verona. A group of 120 premenopausal healthy women aged 20-50 y represented the young reference group. MEASUREMENTS Body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and the presence of acute and chronic conditions were evaluated in each subject. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical functioning was assessed using a modified version of the Activities of Daily Living Scale. Dominant leg isometric strength was measured with a Spark Handheld Dynamometer. RESULTS Elderly women with BMI higher than 30 kg/m(2) and in the highest quintile of body fat percent showed a significantly higher prevalence of functional limitation. In our population study, about 40% of sarcopenic elderly women and 50% of elderly women with high body fat and normal muscle mass were functionally limited. The prevalence of functional limitation significantly increased in subjects with class II sarcopenia, defined according to the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI=skeletal muscle mass/body mass x 100). In logistic regression models, after adjusting for age and different chronic health conditions, subjects with BMI higher than 30 kg/m(2), in the highest quintile of body fat, or with high body fat and normal muscle mass or class II sarcopenia according to SMI, had a 3-4 times increased risk of functional limitations. Finally, isometric leg strength was significantly lower in subjects in the lowest quintile of relative muscle mass and in sarcopenic and sarcopenic obese women. CONCLUSIONS High body fat and high BMI values were associated with a greater probability of functional limitation in a population of elderly women at the high end of the functional spectrum. Among the different indexes of sarcopenia used in this study, only SMI predicted functional impairment and disability. Isometric leg strength was significantly lower in subjects with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.
Collapse
|