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Lazow MA, Fuller C, DeWire M, Lane A, Bandopadhayay P, Bartels U, Bouffet E, Cheng S, Cohen KJ, Cooney TM, Coven SL, Dholaria H, Diez B, Dorris K, El-ayadi M, El-Sheikh A, Fisher PG, Fonseca A, Garcia Lombardi M, Greiner RJ, Goldman S, Gottardo N, Gururangan S, Hansford JR, Hassall T, Hawkins C, Kilburn L, Koschmann C, Leary SE, Ma J, Minturn JE, Monje-Deisseroth M, Packer R, Samson Y, Sandler ES, Sevlever G, Tinkle CL, Tsui K, Wagner LM, Zaghloul M, Ziegler DS, Chaney B, Black K, Asher A, Drissi R, Fouladi M, Jones BV, Leach JL. Accuracy of central neuro-imaging review of DIPG compared with histopathology in the International DIPG Registry. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:821-833. [PMID: 34668975 PMCID: PMC9071293 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) remains a clinico-radiologic diagnosis without routine tissue acquisition. Reliable imaging distinction between DIPG and other pontine tumors with potentially more favorable prognoses and treatment considerations is essential. METHODS Cases submitted to the International DIPG registry (IDIPGR) with histopathologic and/or radiologic data were analyzed. Central imaging review was performed on diagnostic brain MRIs (if available) by two neuro-radiologists. Imaging features suggestive of alternative diagnoses included nonpontine origin, <50% pontine involvement, focally exophytic morphology, sharply defined margins, and/or marked diffusion restriction throughout. RESULTS Among 286 patients with pathology from biopsy and/or autopsy, 23 (8%) had histologic diagnoses inconsistent with DIPG, most commonly nondiffuse low-grade gliomas and embryonal tumors. Among 569 patients with centrally-reviewed diagnostic MRIs, 40 (7%) were classified as non-DIPG, alternative diagnosis suspected. The combined analysis included 151 patients with both histopathology and centrally-reviewed MRI. Of 77 patients with imaging classified as characteristic of DIPG, 76 (99%) had histopathologic diagnoses consistent with DIPG (infiltrating grade II-IV gliomas). Of 57 patients classified as likely DIPG with some unusual imaging features, 55 (96%) had histopathologic diagnoses consistent with DIPG. Of 17 patients with imaging features suggestive of an alternative diagnosis, eight (47%) had histopathologic diagnoses inconsistent with DIPG (remaining patients were excluded due to nonpontine tumor origin). Association between central neuro-imaging review impression and histopathology was significant (p < 0.001), and central neuro-imaging impression was prognostic of overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy and important role of central neuro-imaging review in confirming the diagnosis of DIPG is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot A Lazow
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine Fuller
- Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mariko DeWire
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam Lane
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ute Bartels
- Division of Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvia Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth J Cohen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tabitha M Cooney
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott L Coven
- Division of Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hetal Dholaria
- Department of Oncology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Blanca Diez
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Fundacion para la lucha de las enfermedades neurologicas de la infancia FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kathleen Dorris
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Moatasem El-ayadi
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University and Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Sheikh
- Division of Oncology, Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul G Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Adriana Fonseca
- Division of Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert J Greiner
- Division of Oncology, Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nicholas Gottardo
- Department of Oncology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Jordan R Hansford
- Children’s Cancer Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital Murdoch Children’s Research Institute University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Hassall
- Division of Oncology, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Kilburn
- Division of Oncology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washinton, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah E Leary
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Division of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jane E Minturn
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle Monje-Deisseroth
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Roger Packer
- Division of Oncology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washinton, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Yvan Samson
- Division of Oncology, CHU Saint Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric S Sandler
- Division of Oncology, Nemours Children’s Health System, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Fundacion para la lucha de las enfermedades neurologicas de la infancia FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christopher L Tinkle
- Division of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Karen Tsui
- Division of Oncology, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lars M Wagner
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mohamed Zaghloul
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University and Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - David S Ziegler
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health and Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brooklyn Chaney
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katie Black
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony Asher
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachid Drissi
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Blaise V Jones
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James L Leach
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Lazow MA, Fuller C, Lane A, DeWire-Schottmiller MD, Bandopadhayay P, Bartels U, Bouffet E, Cheng S, Cohen KJ, Cooney TM, Coven SL, Dholaria H, Diez B, Dorris K, El-Ayadi M, El-Sheikh A, Fisher PG, Lombardi MG, Greiner RJ, Goldman S, Gottardo N, Gururangan S, Hansford JR, Hassall T, Hawkins C, Kilburn L, Koschmann CJ, Leary SE, Ma J, Minturn JE, Monje-Deisseroth M, Packer RJ, Samson Y, Sandler ES, Sevlever G, Tinkle C, Tsui K, Wagner LM, Zaghloul M, Ziegler DS, Chaney B, Black K, Asher A, Drissi R, Fouladi M, Jones BV, Leach JL. DIPG-46. NON-DIPG PATIENTS ENROLLED IN THE INTERNATIONAL DIPG REGISTRY: HISTOPATHOLOGIC EVALUATION OF CENTRAL NEURO-IMAGING REVIEW. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715769 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of diagnostic biopsy in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) remains in question. Distinguishing radiographically between DIPG and other pontine tumors with more favorable prognosis and different therapy is critically important. METHODS Cases submitted to the International DIPG registry with histopathologic data were analyzed. Central imaging review was performed by two neuro-radiologists; all cases with imaging features or histopathology suggestive of alternative diagnoses were re-reviewed. Imaging features suggestive of alternative diagnoses included non-pontine origin, <50% pontine involvement (without typical DIPG pattern on follow-up), focally exophytic morphology, sharply-defined margins, or marked diffusion restriction throughout. RESULTS Among 297 patients with pathology from biopsy and/or autopsy available, 27 (9%) had histologic diagnoses not consistent with DIPG, commonly embryonal tumors (n=9) and pilocytic astrocytomas (n=11). 163 patients had diagnostic MRI available for central neuroimaging review. Among 81 patients classified as characteristic of DIPG, 80 (99%) had histopathology consistent with DIPG (diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant, glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma). Among 63 patients classified as likely DIPG, but with unusual imaging features, 59 (94%) had histopathology consistent with DIPG. 19 patients had imaging features suggestive of another diagnosis, including 13 with non-pontine tumor origin; the remaining 6 all had histopathology not consistent with DIPG. Association between central imaging review and histopathology was significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The important role and accuracy of central neuroimaging review in diagnosing or excluding DIPG is demonstrated. In patients with pontine tumors for which DIPG is felt unlikely radiographically, biopsy may be considered to guide diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot A Lazow
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christine Fuller
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam Lane
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Ute Bartels
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Blanca Diez
- Fundacion para Lucha contra las Enfermedes Neurologicas de Infantes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stewart Goldman
- Ann & Robert H, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tim Hassall
- Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Ma
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jane E Minturn
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Fundacion para Lucha contra las Enfermedes Neurologicas de Infantes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Karen Tsui
- Starship Children’s Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lars M Wagner
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Brooklyn Chaney
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katie Black
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Asher
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachid Drissi
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Blaise V Jones
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James L Leach
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Brabetz S, Groebner SN, Jaeger N, Milde T, Ecker J, Selt F, Witt O, Rusert JM, Koster J, Leary SE, Li XN, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Olson JM, Pfister SM, Kool M. PCLN-05. A BIOBANK OF PATIENT-DERIVED MOLECULARLY CHARACTERIZED ORTHOTOPIC PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR MODELS FOR PRECLINICAL RESEARCH. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brabetz
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne N Groebner
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Jaeger
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ecker
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Selt
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica M Rusert
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jan Koster
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Leary
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. TX, USA
| | | | - James M Olson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Brabetz S, Gröbner SN, Seker-Cin H, Selt F, Milde T, Jones DT, Wise MT, Rusert JM, Pedro K, Strand A, Witt O, Leary SE, Li XN, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Olson JM, Pfister SM, Kool M. Abstract 1935: Molecular characterization of orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models of pediatric brain tumors. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
[Introduction: Solid tumors of the nervous system are the most common childhood cancers after leukemias. Even though we might be able to cure more and more patients, survivors still severely suffer long-term from the intensive treatments. Therefore, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are an excellent platform for biomarker and preclinical drug development. However, the rarity of pediatric brain tumors and the multitude of different sub entities hinder the generation of large collection of PDX models of specific entities within single institutions. In order to generate an overview about existing PDX models in the community, we started collecting established PDX models from various centers all over the world and performed extensive molecular characterization to precisely determine the distinct molecular subgroup and constellation of genetic alterations for each PDX model, and thus identify its targetable oncogenic drivers.
Material and Methods: PDX models were established and maintained by dissociating tumor material into a single cell suspension and then orthotopically injecting it into the brain of immunodeficient animals. All PDX models and matching primary tumors (if available) have been analyzed by whole-exome and low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, as well as DNA methylation and gene expression profiling at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ).
Results and Discussion: Thus far, we have collected and characterized 70 established PDX models from 6 ATRTs, 8 ependymomas, 16 high-grade gliomas, 38 medulloblastomas, and 2 CNS-PNETs. PDX models always retain their molecular subtype and in the vast majority of cases also the mutations and copy number alterations when compared to their primary tumors. Only in rare cases do we observe additional aberrations, which most likely represent outgrowths of subclones from the primary tumor. Analysis of our entire cohort identified an overrepresentation of the most aggressive tumor subtypes, but also subtypes which have not been available for preclinical testing before due to lack of genetically engineered mouse models or suitable cell lines, such as Group 4 medulloblastoma. Based on our current analysis, the PDX models within the community are not yet covering the entire heterogeneity within the patient population. As a follow up, we aim to make these models and data accessible in a user-friendly manner so that the community can use them for preclinical research.
Conclusion: PDX models of pediatric brain tumors are very rare. Our molecular characterization allows researchers all over the world to find the right models for their specific scientific question. Therefore, this work will provide an unprecedented resource to study tumor biology and pave the way for improving treatment strategies for children with malignant brain tumors.
Citation Format: Sebastian Brabetz, Susanne N. Gröbner, Huriye Seker-Cin, Florian Selt, Till Milde, David T. Jones, Madison T. Wise, Jessica M. Rusert, Kyle Pedro, Andy Strand, Olaf Witt, Sarah E. Leary, Xiao-Nan Li, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya, James M. Olson, Stefan M. Pfister, Marcel Kool. Molecular characterization of orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models of pediatric brain tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1935. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1935
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brabetz
- 1German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne N. Gröbner
- 1German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huriye Seker-Cin
- 1German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Selt
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center for Individualized Pediatric Oncology (ZIPO) and Pediatric Brain Tumors, Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center for Individualized Pediatric Oncology (ZIPO) and Pediatric Brain Tumors, Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T. Jones
- 1German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Madison T. Wise
- 3Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Kyle Pedro
- 3Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Andy Strand
- 3Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Olaf Witt
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center for Individualized Pediatric Oncology (ZIPO) and Pediatric Brain Tumors, Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Leary
- 3Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - James M. Olson
- 3Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Stefan M. Pfister
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Center for Individualized Pediatric Oncology (ZIPO) and Pediatric Brain Tumors, Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- 1German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Brabetz S, Schmidt C, Groebner SN, Mack N, Seker-Cin H, Jones DT, Chavez L, Milde T, Witt O, Leary SE, Li XN, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Olson JM, Pfister SM, Kool M. TMOD-05. MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ORTHOTOPIC PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODELS OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS AND THEIR USE IN PRECLINICAL EXPERIMENTS. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox083.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Brabetz S, Groebner SN, Seker-Cin H, Mack NL, Hovestadt V, Jones DTW, Selt F, Milde T, Wise MT, Rusert JM, Pedro K, Bloom K, Witt O, Leary SE, Li XN, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Olson JM, Pfister SM, Kool M. PCM-16MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ORTHOTOPIC PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODELS OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now080.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wright KD, Bandopadhayay P, Gourmnerova L, Chi SN, Manley P, Marcus K, Kannan G, Banerjee A, Becher O, Bendel A, Bowers D, Bredlau AL, Cohen K, Comito M, Elster JD, Etzl M, Fisher PG, Gardner S, Goldman S, Gururangan S, Handler MH, Jabado N, Karajannis M, Khatib Z, Leary SE, MacDonald TJ, Monje M, Nazemi K, Robison NJ, Rubin J, Sandler ES, Snuderl M, Wang ZJ, Sinai CE, Greenspan L, Lawler K, Neuberg D, Filbin M, Segal R, Suva ML, Beroukhim R, Ligon K, Gupta N, Prados M, Kieran MW. HG-73SAFETY AND FEASIBILITY OF A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL PHASE II TRIAL INCOPORATING BIOPSY AND MOLECULARLY DETERMINED TREATMENT OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMAS (DIPG). Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now073.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Carr S, Miller J, Leary SE, Bennett AM, Ho A, Williamson ED. Expression of a recombinant form of the V antigen of Yersinia pestis, using three different expression systems. Vaccine 1999; 18:153-9. [PMID: 10501245 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the causative organism of plague, produces V antigen (LcrV), a bifunctional protein with regulatory and virulence roles that has been shown to be highly protective against a plague challenge. A combined sub-unit vaccine, comprising recombinant V and Fraction 1 antigens is currently being developed. We report here the expression and purification of recombinant V antigen (rV) using three different expression systems: the N-terminal GST fusion pGEX-5X-2 and pGEX-6P-2 systems from Pharmacia Biotech, and the C-terminal CBD fusion (IMPACT I) system from New England Biolabs. After cleavage from the carrier protein, the yields of rV were 25 mg l(-1) (pGEX-5X-2), 31 mg l(-1) (pGEX-6P-2) and 0.75 mg l(-1) (IMPACT I). All of the recombinant proteins were immunogenic in mice, although there were some differences in their protective efficacy against subcutaneous challenge with Y. pestis. Whilst rV antigen derived from the IMPACT I and pGEX-6P-2 systems and given in two immunising doses protected fully against challenge with 1 x 10(7) colony forming units (cfu) of Y. pestis, there was breakthrough in protection against 1 x 10(5) cfu of Y. pestis in animals immunised twice with rV from the pGEX-5X-2 system. From this study, the pGEX-6P-2 has been selected for the production of rV as a vaccine component. The pGEX-6P-2 system utilises a GST tagged PreScission Protease (a recombinant human rhinovirus 3C protease) to cleave the fusion protein, thereby allowing efficient removal of the enzyme from the final product. In addition, the enzyme is not of animal origin, therefore making it suitable for vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carr
- Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, CBD, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.
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Leary SE, Griffin KF, Galyov EE, Hewer J, Williamson ED, Holmström A, Forsberg A, Titball RW. Yersinia outer proteins (YOPS) E, K and N are antigenic but non-protective compared to V antigen, in a murine model of bubonic plague. Microb Pathog 1999; 26:159-69. [PMID: 10089156 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1998.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic Yersiniae produce a range of virulence proteins, encoded by a 70 kb plasmid, which are essential for infection, and also form part of a contact-dependent virulence mechanism. One of these proteins, V antigen, has been shown to confer a high level of protection against parenteral infection with Y. pestis in murine models, and is considered to be a protective antigen. In this study, the protective efficacy of V antigen has been compared in the same model with that of other proteins (YopE, YopK and YopN), which are part of the contact-dependent virulence mechanism. Mice immunised with two intraperitoneal doses of V antigen or each of the Yops, administered with either Alhydrogel or interleukin-12, produced high antigen-specific serum IgG titres. As shown in previous studies, V+Alhydrogel was fully protective, and 5/5 mice survived a subcutaneous challenge with 90 or 9x10(3) LD50's of Y. pestis GB. In addition, these preliminary studies also showed that V+IL-12 was partially protective: 4/5 or 3/5 mice survived a challenge with 90 or 9x10(3) LD50's, respectively. In contrast, none of the mice immunised with the Yops survived the challenges, and there was no significant delay in the mean time to death compared to mice receiving a control protein. These results show that using two different vaccine regimens, Yops E, K and N, failed to elicit protective immune responses in a murine model of plague, whereas under the same conditions, V antigen was fully or partially protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Leary
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, U.K
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Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the aetiological agent of plague, has in the past caused social devastation on a scale unmatched by other infectious diseases. There is still a public health problem from plague, with at least 2000 cases reported annually. Most of these cases are of the bubonic form. Occasionally bubonic plague develops into pneumonic plague, and this form of the disease can spread rapidly between susceptible individuals. The recent outbreak of plague in India highlighted the potential for plague to explosively re-appear, and modern mass transport systems mean that there is the potential for the rapid spread of disease. Against this background, there is a need to ensure that vaccines and antibiotics are available to prevent and treat the disease. Progress has been made in devising a sub-unit vaccine, effective against bubonic and pneumonic plague. Antibiotics must be given in the early stages of disease to effect a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Titball
- Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, CBD Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
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11
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Hill J, Leary SE, Griffin KF, Williamson ED, Titball RW. Regions of Yersinia pestis V antigen that contribute to protection against plague identified by passive and active immunization. Infect Immun 1997; 65:4476-82. [PMID: 9353022 PMCID: PMC175643 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.11.4476-4482.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
V antigen of Yersinia pestis is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated as a protective antigen, a virulence factor, and a regulatory protein. A series of V-antigen truncates expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins (GST-V truncates) have been cloned and purified to support immunogenicity and functionality studies of V antigen. Immunization studies with GST-V truncates have identified two regions of V antigen that confer protection against Y. pestis 9B (a fully virulent human pneumonic plague isolate) in a mouse model for plague. A minor protective region is located from amino acids 2 to 135 (region I), and a major protective region is found between amino acids 135 and 275 (region II). In addition, analysis of IgG titers following immunization suggested that the major antigenic region of V antigen is located between amino acids 135 and 245. A panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against recombinant V antigen was characterized by Western blotting against GST-V truncates, and epitopes of most of the monoclonal antibodies were mapped to region I or II. Monoclonal antibody 7.3, which recognizes an epitope in region II, passively protected mice against challenge with 12 median lethal doses of Y. pestis GB, indicating that region II encodes a protective epitope. This is the first report of a V-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody that will protect mice against a fully virulent strain of Y. pestis. The combined approach of passive and active immunization has therefore confirmed the importance of the central region of the protein for protection and also identified a previously unknown protective region at the N terminus of V antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hill
- Microbiology, CBD Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
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12
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Leary SE, Griffin KF, Garmory HS, Williamson ED, Titball RW. Expression of an F1/V fusion protein in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and protection of mice against plague. Microb Pathog 1997; 23:167-79. [PMID: 9281474 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1997.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to making fusions of F1 and V antigens, which may be incorporated into a live recombinant vaccine for plague, was developed. The nucleotide sequences encoding Yersinia pestis V antigen (lcrV) and the mature form of F1 antigen (caf1) were amplified by PCR with primers which included tails. At the 3' end of caf1 and the 5' end of lcrV, the tails encoded one of three six- or eight-amino acid linkers or their complementary sequences. The DNA overlap in each linker region was used to prime a second PCR to generate three F1/V fusions, which were cloned into pUC18. The resulting plasmids expressed fusion proteins consisting of F1 and V antigens, separated by the linkers Gly-Ser-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg, Ser-Ala-Pro-Gly-Thr-Pro or Ser-Ala-Pro-Gly-Thr-Pro-Ser-Arg. As shown by Western blotting of bacterial cell lysates with anti-V and anti-F1 sera, the level of expression and degree of degradation of the three fusion proteins was similar. To investigate the immunogenicity of F1/V, one of the plasmids, placFV6 which encoded the Gly-Ser-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg linker, was electroporated into the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain SL3261 (aroA). Mice receiving two intravenous doses of 5 x 10(6) cfu SL3261/placFV6 developed serum anti-V and anti-F1 IgG titres, with similar IgG1:IgG2a isotype ratios, and T cell responses specific for V and F1 antigens. Six weeks after vaccination, mice were challenged subcutaneously with 7.4 x 10(2) or 7.4 x 10(4) LD50s of Y. pestis strain GB, and a significant degree of protection was demonstrated. These results demonstrate the potential of co-expressing Y. pestis antigens as fusion proteins to develop a live recombinant vaccine against plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Leary
- Medical Countermeasures Department, CBD, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, U.K
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13
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Anderson GW, Leary SE, Williamson ED, Titball RW, Welkos SL, Worsham PL, Friedlander AM. Recombinant V antigen protects mice against pneumonic and bubonic plague caused by F1-capsule-positive and -negative strains of Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun 1996; 64:4580-5. [PMID: 8890210 PMCID: PMC174416 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.11.4580-4585.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purified recombinant V antigen from Yersinia pestis, expressed in Escherichia coli and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide, an adjuvant approved for human use, was used to immunize outbred Hsd:ND4 mice subcutaneously. Immunization protected mice from lethal bubonic and pneumonic plague caused by CO92, a wild-type F1+ strain, or by the isogenic F1- strain C12. This work demonstrates that a subunit plague vaccine formulated for human use provides significant protection against bubonic plague caused by an F1- strain (C12) or against substantial aerosol challenges from either F1+ (CO92) or F1-(C12) Y. pestis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Anderson
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA.
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McGregor DP, Forster S, Steven J, Adair J, Leary SE, Leslie DL, Harris WJ, Titball RW. Simultaneous detection of microorganisms in soil suspension based on PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA fragments. Biotechniques 1996; 21:463-6, 468, 470-1. [PMID: 8879586 DOI: 10.2144/96213st04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of buffer composition on simultaneous PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragments of five bacterial species was examined using a number of different buffer systems. Tris-based PCR buffers at final concentrations of 10 mM proved unreliable. However, when the final concentration of Tris was increased to 75 mM, all five samples were routinely detected. The use of other buffers, 3-[(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (AMPSO) and 3-[cyclohexylamino]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPSO), resulted in PCR amplification of five products even at low final concentrations (10 mM). The presence of certain proteins in the amplification reaction could overcome an inhibitory effect seen when soil suspension was present in the reaction, as might occur when testing field samples for the presence of bacteria. Bovine serum albumin was found to be the most effective additive tested in overcoming inhibition.
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Williamson ED, Eley SM, Griffin KF, Green M, Russell P, Leary SE, Oyston PC, Easterbrook T, Reddin KM, Robinson A. A new improved sub-unit vaccine for plague: the basis of protection. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1995; 12:223-30. [PMID: 8745007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1995.tb00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have determined the limit of protection achievable by immunisation with sub-units of Yersinia pestis against the development of plague in an experimental animal model. Co-immunisation with the purified culture-derived F1 and the recombinant V sub-units afforded a greater level of protection than with either sub-unit alone. The protection given by the combined sub-units was several orders of magnitude greater than that afforded by the whole cell killed (Cutter USP) vaccine and was equivalent to that achieved by vaccination with EV76, the live attenuated Y. pestis vaccine strain. However, the combined sub-unit vaccine has clear advantages over the live vaccine in terms of safety of use and absence of side-effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plague/prevention & control
- Plague Vaccine/administration & dosage
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/standards
- Yersinia pestis/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Williamson
- Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment (CBDE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
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Leary SE, Williamson ED, Griffin KF, Russell P, Eley SM, Titball RW. Active immunization with recombinant V antigen from Yersinia pestis protects mice against plague. Infect Immun 1995; 63:2854-8. [PMID: 7622205 PMCID: PMC173387 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.8.2854-2858.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding V antigen from Yersinia pestis was cloned into the plasmid expression vector pGEX-5X-2. When electroporated into Escherichia coli JM109, the recombinant expressed V antigen as a stable fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase. The glutathione S-transferase-V fusion protein was isolated from recombinant E. coli and cleaved with factor Xa to yield purified V antigen as a stable product. Recombinant V antigen was inoculated intraperitoneally into mice and shown to induce a protective immune response against a subcutaneous challenge with 3.74 x 10(6) CFU of virulent Y. pestis. Protection correlated with the induction of a high titer of serum antibodies and a T-cell response specific for recombinant V antigen. These results indicate that V antigen should be a major component of an improved vaccine for plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Leary
- Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
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Oyston PC, Williamson ED, Leary SE, Eley SM, Griffin KF, Titball RW. Immunization with live recombinant Salmonella typhimurium aroA producing F1 antigen protects against plague. Infect Immun 1995; 63:563-8. [PMID: 7822022 PMCID: PMC173032 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.2.563-568.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain which expressed the F1 capsular antigen of Yersinia pestis was constructed by transformation of S. typhimurium SL3261 with plasmid pFGAL2a, a derivative of pUC18 which contained the caf1 gene without the leader sequence. The recombinant was used to vaccinate mice intragastrically and intravenously. The immunity induced was able to protect mice against challenge with a virulent strain of plague. Protection correlated with the induction of high titers of immunoglobulin G in serum samples and a specific T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Oyston
- Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
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