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Smither SJ, Eastaugh L, Ngugi S, O'Brien L, Phelps A, Steward J, Lever MS. Ebola Virus Makona Shows Reduced Lethality in an Immune-deficient Mouse Model. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:S268-S274. [PMID: 27471321 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus Makona (EBOV-Makona; from the 2013-2016 West Africa outbreak) shows decreased virulence in an immune-deficient mouse model, compared with a strain from 1976. Unlike other filoviruses tested, EBOV-Makona may be slightly more virulent by the aerosol route than by the injected route, as 2 mice died following aerosol exposure, compared with no mortality among mice that received intraperitoneal injection of equivalent or higher doses. Although most mice did not succumb to infection, the detection of an immunoglobulin G antibody response along with observed clinical signs suggest that the mice were infected but able to clear the infection and recover. We hypothesize that this may be due to the growth rates and kinetics of the virus, which appear slower than that for other filoviruses and consequently give more time for an immune response that results in clearance of the virus. In this instance, the immune-deficient mouse model is unlikely to be appropriate for testing medical countermeasures against this EBOV-Makona stock but may provide insight into pathogenesis and the immune response to virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Smither
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Eastaugh
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Ngugi
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Lyn O'Brien
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Phelps
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Steward
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stephen Lever
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
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Qazi O, Rani M, Gnanam AJ, Cullen TW, Stead CM, Kensing H, McCaul K, Ngugi S, Prior JL, Lipka A, Nagy JM, Whitlock GC, Judy BM, Harding SV, Titball RW, Sidhu SS, Trent MS, Kitto GB, Torres A, Estes DM, Iverson B, Georgiou G, Brown KA. Development of reagents and assays for the detection of pathogenic Burkholderia species. Faraday Discuss 2011; 149:23-36; discussion 63-77. [PMID: 21413172 PMCID: PMC3593192 DOI: 10.1039/c005422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of the category B biothreat agents Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei in acute infections is critical to ensure that appropriate treatment is administered quickly to reduce an otherwise high probability of mortality (ca. 40% for B. pseudomallei). We are developing assays that can be used in clinical laboratories or security applications for the direct detection of surface-localized and secreted macromolecules produced by these organisms. We present our current medium-throughout approach for target selection and production of Burkholderia macromolecules and describe the generation of a Fab molecule targeted to the B. mallei BimA protein. We also present development of prototype assays for detecting Burkholderia species using anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Qazi
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Mridula Rani
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Annie J. Gnanam
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Thomas W. Cullen
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Christopher M. Stead
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Haley Kensing
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kate McCaul
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Sarah Ngugi
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Joann L Prior
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Alexandria Lipka
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ; Deceased, UK
| | - Judit M. Nagy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gregory C. Whitlock
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Barbara M. Judy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Sarah V. Harding
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Richard W. Titball
- School of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Terence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - M. Stephen Trent
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Barrie Kitto
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Alfredo Torres
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - D. Mark Estes
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Brent Iverson
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Katherine A. Brown
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ; Deceased, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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