COVID-19 hospitalisations and all-cause mortality by risk group in Finland

Ever since COVID-19 was announced as a global pandemic in March 2020, healthcare systems around the world have struggled with the burden of the disease. Vaccinations and other preventive measures have decreased this burden, but severe forms of COVID-19 leading to hospitalizations and even deaths still effect certain risk groups, such as the elderly and patients with multiple comorbidities. The objective of this retrospective observational study was to identify which risk groups are at the highest risk for a severe COVID-19 infection in Finland using national registry data ranging from January 2021 to June 2022. The data was analysed in three time periods, enabling comparisons in high-risk groups between epidemiological waves caused by different variants of SARS-CoV-2. The summary level data were stratified according to predefined groups based on two criteria: age (≥18 years, 18-59 years, and ≥60 years) and risk group. The results include analysis of infection hospitalisation rate (IHR), case fatality rate (CFR) and average length of stay (LOS) in both primary and specialty care for each risk group and age group. Our results confirm that despite the decrease in COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths observed during the study period, a significant proportion of patients are still hospitalised, and deaths occur especially in the 60+ population. Also, even though the average length of stay of hospitalised COVID-19 patients has decreased, it is still long compared to specialty care hospitalisations in general. Old age is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 in all patient groups and certain risk factors such as chronic kidney disease clearly increase the risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. Early treatment should be considered with a low threshold for risk group patients and for elderly patients in order to avoid severe disease courses, and to ease the burden on hospitals where resources are currently very strained.

Healthcare resource utilization and associated costs among patients with migraine in Finland: A retrospective register-based study

Migraine is a common chronic brain disorder, characterized by recurring and often disabling attacks of severe headache, with additional symptoms such as photophobia, phonophobia and nausea. Migraine affects especially the working age population. The objective of this retrospective observational register-based study was to analyze the use of healthcare services and associated costs in Finnish migraine patients. Study was based on aggregate data from January 1st, 2020, to December 31st, 2021, from the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare's national registries. Patients were grouped into nine patient groups according to medication prescriptions and diagnoses. Healthcare resource utilization in specialty, primary, and occupational healthcare was assessed and analyzed separately for all-cause and migraine related healthcare contacts from a one-year period. The total number of patients was 175 711, and most (45%) of the patients belonged to a group that had used only one triptan. Migraine related total healthcare resource utilization was greater for patients that had used two or more triptans compared to those that had used only one. The patients with three or more preventive medications had the highest total migraine related healthcare resource utilization of the studied patient cohorts. Of the total annual healthcare costs 11.5% (50.6 million €) was associated to be migraine related costs. Total per patient per year healthcare costs were highest with patients that had used three or more preventive medications (5 626 €) and lowest in those with only one triptan (2 257 €). Our findings are in line with the recent European Headache Federation consensus statement regarding the unmet need in patients who have had inadequate response to two or more triptans. When assessing the patient access and cost-effectiveness of novel treatments for the treatment of migraine within different healthcare systems, a holistic analysis of the current disease burden along with potential gains for patients and healthcare service providers are essential information in guiding decision-making.