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Ekbatani MS, Hassani SA, Tahernia L, Yaghmaei B, Mahmoudi S, Navaeian A, Rostamyan M, Zamani F, Mamishi S. Atypical and novel presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019: a case series of three children. Br J Biomed Sci 2020; 78:47-52. [PMID: 32552415 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1785102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Typical presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) including respiratory symptoms (cough, respiratory distress and hypoxia), fever and dyspnoea are considered main symptoms in adults, but atypical presentation in children could be a diagnostic challenge. We report three children whose initial presentation was gastrointestinal, and in whom Covid-19 infection was found, concluding that cases of acute appendicitis, mesenteric adenitis and flank tenderness may mask an infection with this virus, and should therefore be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ekbatani
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - S A Hassani
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - L Tahernia
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - B Yaghmaei
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mahmoudi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran
| | - A Navaeian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - M Rostamyan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - F Zamani
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mamishi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Oemisch M, Westendorff S, Azimi M, Hassani SA, Ardid S, Tiesinga P, Womelsdorf T. Feature-specific prediction errors and surprise across macaque fronto-striatal circuits. Nat Commun 2019; 10:176. [PMID: 30635579 PMCID: PMC6329800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To adjust expectations efficiently, prediction errors need to be associated with the precise features that gave rise to the unexpected outcome, but this credit assignment may be problematic if stimuli differ on multiple dimensions and it is ambiguous which feature dimension caused the outcome. Here, we report a potential solution: neurons in four recorded areas of the anterior fronto-striatal networks encode prediction errors that are specific to feature values of different dimensions of attended multidimensional stimuli. The most ubiquitous prediction error occurred for the reward-relevant dimension. Feature-specific prediction error signals a) emerge on average shortly after non-specific prediction error signals, b) arise earliest in the anterior cingulate cortex and later in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate and ventral striatum, and c) contribute to feature-based stimulus selection after learning. Thus, a widely-distributed feature-specific eligibility trace may be used to update synaptic weights for improved feature-based attention. In order to adjust expectations efficiently, prediction errors need to be associated with the features that gave rise to the unexpected outcome. Here, the authors show that neurons in anterior fronto-striatal networks encode prediction errors that are specific to feature values of different stimulus dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Oemisch
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1P3, Canada. .,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Stephanie Westendorff
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1P3, Canada.,Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Marzyeh Azimi
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1P3, Canada
| | - Seyed Alireza Hassani
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Salva Ardid
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Paul Tiesinga
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, Netherlands
| | - Thilo Womelsdorf
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1P3, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
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Hassani SA, Abolhallaje M, Inanlo S, Hosseini H, Pourmohammadi K, Bastani P, Ramezanian M, Marnani AB. Allocation of health resources according to the type and size of Iranian governmental hospitals. Iran J Public Health 2013; 42:166-73. [PMID: 23865036 PMCID: PMC3712602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to consuming about 50%-80% of health resources, hospitals are the greatest and costly operational units in Iranian Health system. so allocation of resources specially human and space resources as the most expensive ones is really important for further controlling of costs, analysis of costs and making suitable policies for increasing the profitability and allocation of resources and improvement of quality. METHOD This paper intends to describe and analyze any allocation of resources in 530 university hospitals in Iran. The final goal of this research is to provide a data bank according which there is a basis for more scientific budget allocation of state's hospitals from the size and type of application points of view. RESULTS The relevant index of person to bed was 2.04 for human resources. All hospitals more than 300 beds are located in benefiting areas from which 17 cases are educational and 2 cases are therapeutic. This is necessary to mention that the rate of management group forces to total personnel at deprived areas is about 2.5% more than benefiting areas. CONCLUSION Because 60-80% of hospital costs are applied for human forces, all managers of hospitals are obliged to revise their policies in attraction and employment of human force in order to benefit from such a valuable resource and prevent from expensive costs. So any employment of personnel should be based upon real needs of hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- SA Hassani
- Emergency Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Abolhallaje
- Budget and Performance Monitoring Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Inanlo
- Budget and Performance Monitoring Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Hosseini
- Budget and Performance Monitoring Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Pourmohammadi
- School of Management and Medical Information, Shiraz University of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - P Bastani
- School of Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ramezanian
- Budget and Performance Monitoring Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Barati Marnani
- School of Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-912-3490430
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Soori H, Nasermoadeli A, Ainy E, Hassani SA, Mehmandar MR. Association between mandatory seatbelt laws and road traffic injuries in Iran. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2011; 42:1540-1545. [PMID: 22299426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of mandatory seatbelt legislation on traffic injuries and intensity of road traffic injuries (RTIs). We carried out a before- after interventional study. Data regarding road traffic accidents and injuries one year before and one and two years after the implementation of mandatory seatbelt legislation were obtained from the traffic police database. Traffic accident mortality was 13.0% of all RTIs during the year prior to implementation. This decreased to 9.7% and 11.4% during the first and second years after implementation, respectively (p < 0.001). The mortality rate was not consistent for seatbelt use since there was a slight increase in the mortality rate in second year after implementation of mandatory seatbelt use although this level was lower than the pre- implementation rate. Our findings suggest mandatory seatbelt use reduces the intensity of RTIs and reduces the crude number of RTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Soori
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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