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Uhrmacher M, Skaletz-Rorowski A, Nambiar S, Schmidt AJ, Ahaus P, Serova K, Mordhorst I, Kayser A, Wach J, Tiemann C, Münstermann D, Brockmeyer NH, Potthoff A. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Results from a prospective observational study in Germany. Front Public Health 2022; 10:930208. [PMID: 36091531 PMCID: PMC9449641 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.930208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Since 2017, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care has been provided through an intersectoral collaboration at WIR (Walk-in-Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany). The aim of this study was to establish possible impact of COVID-restrictions on the sexual behavior of PrEP users in North Rhine-Westphalia. Methods The current PrEP study collected data of individuals using PrEP, their sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) before (each quarter of year 2018) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (each quarter of year 2020). Results During the first lockdown in Germany from mid-March until May 2020, PrEP-care appointments at WIR were postponed or canceled. Almost a third of PrEP users had discontinued their PrEP intake in the 2nd quarter of 2020 due to alteration of their sexual behavior. The number of sexual partners decreased from a median of 14 partners in the previous 6 months in 1st quarter of 2020, to 7 partners in 4th quarter of 2020. Despite such a significant reduction in partner number during the pandemic in comparison to the pre-pandemic period, a steady rate of STIs was observed among PrEP users in 2020. Conclusion The SARS-CoV-2-pandemic has impacted PrEP-using MSM in North Rhine-Westphalia with respect to their PrEP intake regimen and sexual behavior in 2020. Our study revealed a steady rate of STI among PrEP users even during the pandemic, thus highlighting the importance of ensuring appropriate HIV/STI prevention services in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Uhrmacher
- WIR – Walk in Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A. Skaletz-Rorowski
- WIR – Walk in Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S. Nambiar
- WIR – Walk in Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A. J. Schmidt
- Sigma Research, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - P. Ahaus
- WIR – Walk in Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - K. Serova
- Institute of Educational Research, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - I. Mordhorst
- WIR – Walk in Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A. Kayser
- WIR – Walk in Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany,Aidshilfe Bochum e.V. (Aids-Service Organization Bochum), Bochum, Germany
| | - J. Wach
- WIR – Walk in Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany,Local Health Department Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - C. Tiemann
- Laboratory Krone, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
| | | | - N. H. Brockmeyer
- WIR – Walk in Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A. Potthoff
- WIR – Walk in Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany,*Correspondence: A. Potthoff
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Brauckmann V, Nambiar S, Potthoff A, Höxtermann S, Wach J, Kayser A, Tiemann C, Schuppe AK, Brockmeyer NH, Skaletz-Rorowski A. Influence of dietary supplementation of short-chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:881-889. [PMID: 35176190 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-AIDS associated chronic diseases in HIV+ patients have been on the rise since the advent of antiretroviral therapy. Especially cardiovascular diseases and disruption in the gastrointestinal tract have limited health-related quality of life (QoL). Several of those complications have been associated with chronic systemic inflammation. Short chain fatty-acids (SCFA), with propionate as one of the major compounds, have been described as an important link between gut microbiota and the immune system, defining the pro- and the anti-inflammatory milieu through direct and indirect regulation of T-cell homeostasis. The effects of dietary supplementation of sodium propionate (SP) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) have not yet been investigated prior to this study. OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of SP uptake among PLHIV and its relevance to improve QoL, the study aimed to investigate metabolic, immunological, microbiome and patient-reported QoL related changes post SP-supplementation with follow up. METHODS: A prospective, non-randomized, controlled, monocentric interventional study was conducted in WIR, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, in Bochum, Germany. 32 HIV+ patients with unaltered ART-regimen in the last three months were included. Participants were given SP for a duration of 12 weeks in the form of daily oral supplementation and were additionally followed-up for another 12 weeks. RESULTS The supplementation of SP was well tolerated. We found an improvement in lipid profiles and long-term blood glucose levels. A decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and a depletion of effector T-Cells was observed. Regulatory T-Cells and IL-10 decreased. Furthermore, changes in taxonomic composition of the microbiome during follow-up were observed and improvement of items of self-reported life-quality assessment. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the beneficial impact of SP in PLHIV reflects its potential in improving metabolic parameters and modulating pro-inflammatory immune responses. Thus possibly reducing the risk of cardiovascular disorders and facilitating long-term improvement of the gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesta Brauckmann
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Nambiar
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Potthoff
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Höxtermann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Wach
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Public Health Department Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kayser
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Aidshilfe Bochum (Aids Service Organization Bochum) e.V, Bochum, Germany
| | - C Tiemann
- MVZ Laboratory Krone, Molecular Diagnostics, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
| | - A K Schuppe
- MVZ Laboratory Krone, Molecular Diagnostics, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
| | - N H Brockmeyer
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Skaletz-Rorowski
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Orozco Morales ML, Rinaldi CA, de Jong E, Lansley SM, Gummer JP, Olasz B, Nambiar S, Hope DE, Casey TH, Lee YCG, Leslie C, Nealon G, Shackleford DM, Powell AK, Grimaldi M, Balaguer P, Zemek RM, Bosco A, Piggott MJ, Vrielink A, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ. PPARα and PPARγ activation is associated with pleural mesothelioma invasion but therapeutic inhibition is ineffective. iScience 2022; 25:103571. [PMID: 34984327 PMCID: PMC8692993 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a cancer that typically originates in the pleura of the lungs. It rapidly invades the surrounding tissues, causing pain and shortness of breath. We compared cell lines injected either subcutaneously or intrapleurally and found that only the latter resulted in invasive and rapid growth. Pleural tumors displayed a transcriptional signature consistent with increased activity of nuclear receptors PPARα and PPARγ and with an increased abundance of endogenous PPAR-activating ligands. We found that chemical probe GW6471 is a potent, dual PPARα/γ antagonist with anti-invasive and anti-proliferative activity in vitro. However, administration of GW6471 at doses that provided sustained plasma exposure levels sufficient for inhibition of PPARα/γ transcriptional activity did not result in significant anti-mesothelioma activity in mice. Lastly, we demonstrate that the in vitro anti-tumor effect of GW6471 is off-target. We conclude that dual PPARα/γ antagonism alone is not a viable treatment modality for mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lizeth Orozco Morales
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Rinaldi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Emma de Jong
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | | | - Joel P.A. Gummer
- School of Science, Department of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bence Olasz
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shabarinath Nambiar
- School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Danika E. Hope
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas H. Casey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Y. C. Gary Lee
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Connull Leslie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gareth Nealon
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David M. Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Powell
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Rachael M. Zemek
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Piggott
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alice Vrielink
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Richard A. Lake
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - W. Joost Lesterhuis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
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4
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Ayre S, Gallegos D, Nambiar S, Tran CQ, Do DN, Jansen E. Preliminary exploration of the use of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) in Vietnamese mothers. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:442-449. [PMID: 34302134 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This preliminary pilot study aims to explore the use of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) and Children's Eating Behaviour Question (CEBQ) in a sample of Vietnamese mothers. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional data from the FPSQ and CEBQ were collected from a convenience sample of mothers (n = 102) who attended the Ho Chi Minh City Nutrition Centre in Viet Nam. Mothers had at least one child aged 2-5 years. The reliability of the questionnaire subscales was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Face validity was assessed using dialogue from a translation-back-translation procedure undertaken by an expert committee, and cognitive interviews conducted in a subsample of mothers (n = 6). Based on these findings, exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were performed to assess the underlying structures of both questionnaires in this sample. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the original questionnaires ranged from 0.23 to 0.92. Limitations in translation and comprehension of items surfaced, warranting modifications of the questionnaires, which were subsequently examined using EFA. EFA of the FPSQ and CEBQ revealed a six-factor structure with 23 items, and a six-factor structure with 27 items, respectively, which were interpretable solutions for this sample. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were >0.70 for all subscales in the revised questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS Modified versions of the FPSQ and CEBQ are proposed for use in Viet Nam. However, prior to their use, further reliability and validity testing must be undertaken in larger samples, including assessment of test-retest reliability and construct validity, as well as confirmatory factor analysis to verify the proposed factor structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ayre
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia. .,Woolworths Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - D Gallegos
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Woolworths Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Nambiar
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Woolworths Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C Q Tran
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Ho Chi Minh City Nutrition Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Nutrition and Food Safety Department, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - D N Do
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Ho Chi Minh City Nutrition Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Viet Nam Nutrition Association, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - E Jansen
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Nambiar S, Kahn N, Gummer JPA. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging by Freeze-Spot Deposition of the Matrix. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:1829-1836. [PMID: 34047188 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful metabolite measurement approach to capture the spatial dimension of metabolite distribution in a biological sample. In matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), deposition of the chemical-matrix onto the sample serves to simultaneously extract biomolecules to the sample surface and concurrently render the sample amenable to MALDI. However, matrix application may mobilize sample metabolites and will dictate the efficiency of matrix crystallization, together limiting the lateral resolution which may be optimally achieved by MSI. Here, we describe a matrix application technique, herein referred to as the "freeze-spot" method, conceived as a low-cost preparative approach requiring minimal amounts of chemical matrix while maintaining the spatial dimension of sample metabolites for MALDI-MSI. Matrix deposition was achieved by pipette spot application of the matrix-solubilized within a solvent solution with a freezing point above that of a chilled sample stage to which the sample section is mounted. The matrix solution freezes on contact with the sample and the solvent is removed by sublimation, leaving a fine crystalline matrix on the sample surface. Freeze-spotting is quick to perform, found particularly useful for MALDI-MSI of small sample sections, and well suited to efficient and cost-effective method development pipelines, while capable of maintaining the lateral resolution required by MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabarinath Nambiar
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Nusrat Kahn
- School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Joel P A Gummer
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
- ChemCentre, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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Nambiar S, Clynick B, How BS, King A, Walters EH, Goh NS, Corte TJ, Trengove R, Tan D, Moodley Y. There is detectable variation in the lipidomic profile between stable and progressive patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Respir Res 2021; 22:105. [PMID: 33836757 PMCID: PMC8033725 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by fibrosis and progressive loss of lung function. The pathophysiological pathways involved in IPF are not well understood. Abnormal lipid metabolism has been described in various other chronic lung diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its potential role in IPF pathogenesis remains unclear. Methods In this study, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) to characterize lipid changes in plasma derived from IPF patients with stable and progressive disease. We further applied a data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique called SONAR, to improve the specificity of lipid identification. Results Statistical modelling showed variable discrimination between the stable and progressive subjects, revealing differences in the detection of triglycerides (TG) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) between progressors and stable IPF groups, which was further confirmed by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) in IPF tissue. Conclusion This is the first study to characterise lipid metabolism between stable and progressive IPF, with results suggesting disparities in the circulating lipidome with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabarinath Nambiar
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Britt Clynick
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. .,Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Bong S How
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Adam King
- Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - E Haydn Walters
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nicole S Goh
- Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamera J Corte
- University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Trengove
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dino Tan
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Nambiar S, Tan DBA, Clynick B, Bong SH, Rawlinson C, Gummer J, Corte TJ, Glaspole I, Moodley YP, Trengove R. Untargeted metabolomics of human plasma reveal lipid markers unique to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 15:e2000039. [PMID: 33580915 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airway inflammation and progressive airflow limitation, whereas idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by a restrictive pattern due to fibrosis and impaired gas exchange. We undertook metabolomic analysis of blood samples in IPF, COPD and healthy controls (HC) to determine differences in circulating molecules and identify novel pathogenic pathways. An untargeted metabolomics using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was performed to profile plasma of patients with COPD (n = 21), and IPF (n = 24) in comparison to plasma from healthy controls (HC; n = 20). The most significant features were identified using multiple database matching. One-way ANOVA and variable importance in projection (VIP) scores were also used to highlight metabolites that influence the specific disease groups. Non-polar metabolites such as fatty acids (FA) and membrane lipids were well resolved and a total of 4805 features were identified. The most prominent metabolite composition differences in lipid mediators identified at ∼2-3 fold higher in both diseases compared to HC were palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid; and dihydrotestosterone was lower in both diseases. We demonstrated that COPD and IPF were characterised by systemic changes in lipid constituents such as essential FA sampled from circulating plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabarinath Nambiar
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dino Bee Aik Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Stem Cell Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Britt Clynick
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Stem Cell Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sze How Bong
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Catherine Rawlinson
- The Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Joel Gummer
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Tamera J Corte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Glaspole
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuben P Moodley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Stem Cell Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Trengove
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Skaletz-Rorowski A, Potthoff A, Nambiar S, Wach J, Kayser A, Kasper A, Brockmeyer NH. Sexual behaviour, STI knowledge and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) prevalence in an asymptomatic cohort in Ruhr-area, Germany: PreYoungGo study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:241-246. [PMID: 32881091 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES STIs present a significant threat to individual and public health, disproportionately affecting youth. The study aimed to evaluate (a) the prevalence of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections among youth using a rapid assay platform, (b) the participants' sexual behaviour and STI knowledge, (c) the utility of the rapid assay in reducing diagnosis-to-treatment time. METHODS In this study, 272 subjects (14-31 years) were included between 12/2016 and 7/2018. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, sexual behaviour and STI knowledge. Prevalence of CT and NG infections were tested from oral, vaginal and anal swabs for women and oral, anal swabs and urine for men, using the Cepheid Xpert® CT/NG assay. Time intervals between (i) test to the time the patient were informed of the result (turn around time - TAT) and (ii) test to therapy initiation was documented. RESULTS Of the 272 subjects (48.9% female, 48.9% male, undisclosed 2.2%), 56.6 % reported university education. 46.6% were men who have sex with men (MSM), and 47.4% of women and 63.1% of men had anal intercourse. 59.9% had previously been tested for HIV, while only 39.7% had for CT, 20.6% for NG. Among these asymptomatic youth 7.7% were positive for CT and 5.5% for NG. The localization of CT were 3.7% genital, 5.5% anal and 2.2% oral, while the corresponding localization of NG were 0.4%, 2.9%, 4.4% respectively. 91.8% of the participants were informed of a positive result within 24 h with a median TAT of 03:09 h. 73.3% initiated therapy within 24 h, with a median time from testing to therapy initiation being 06:50 h. CONCLUSION Asypmtomatic CT and NG infections are common and often not tested in persons at risk. The Cepheid Xpert® CT/NG assay is an effective strategy as it reduces STI diagnosis-to-treatment time to less than a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Skaletz-Rorowski
- Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Potthoff
- Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Nambiar
- Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Wach
- Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Public Health Department Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kayser
- Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Aids Service Organization Bochum e. V., Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kasper
- Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - N H Brockmeyer
- Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Lewin J, Betts M, Nambiar S, Fahrbach K, Sarri G, Debray T, Rock M. PND10 COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF DELAYED-RELEASE DIMETHYL FURMURATE VERSUS OTHER DISEASE-MODIFYING THERAPIES IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A DIRECT META-ANALYSIS OF REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE. Value Health Reg Issues 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.08.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Nambiar S, Bong How S, Gummer J, Trengove R, Moodley Y. Metabolomics in chronic lung diseases. Respirology 2019; 25:139-148. [PMID: 30907495 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases represent a significant global burden. Their increasing incidence and complexity render a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and personalized approach to each patient, critically important. Most recently, unique biochemical pathways and disease markers have been identified through large-scale metabolomic studies. Metabolomics is the study of metabolic pathways and the measurement of unique biomolecules in a living system. Analysing samples from different compartments such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma has proven useful for the characterization of a number of pathological conditions and offers promise as a clinical tool. For example, several studies using mass spectrometry (MS) have shown alterations in the sphingolipid metabolism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) sufferers. In this article, we present a practical review of the application of metabolomics to the study of chronic lung diseases (CLD): COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and asthma. The insights, which the analytical strategies employed in metabolomics, have provided to the dissection of the biochemistry of CLD and future clinical biomarkers are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabarinath Nambiar
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sze Bong How
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joel Gummer
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Trengove
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute of Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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11
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Lim PW, Nambiar S, Muhardi L, Abdul Kader UH, Garssen J, Sandalova E. Young Children Display Diurnal Patterns of Salivary IgA and Alpha-Amylase Expression Which Are Independent of Food Intake and Demographic Factors. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:3687416. [PMID: 30733960 PMCID: PMC6348797 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3687416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) have been proposed as biomarkers for research on the mucosal immune system and on stress. Expression of both sAA and sIgA has been described to follow opposing diurnal patterns. This knowledge is crucial for the interpretation of studies using these biomarkers. AIM It was hypothesized that sAA and sIgA display diurnal patterns in children and that this is independent of food intake or demographic factors. METHODS Whole saliva was collected from 78 healthy children (15-39 months old) in the morning and evening for two random nonconsecutive days. The samples have been analysed for sAA and sIgA. The total daily energy, fat, saturated fat, protein, carbohydrate and fibre, mineral, and vitamin consumption were analysed based on the two-day weighed food records collected by the parents. RESULTS It was demonstrated that most young children followed the diurnal pattern when sAA increased and sIgA decreased from morning to evening. No correlation was observed between the intake of any of the nutrients and morning or evening values for both salivary proteins. The morning and evening values of sAA and sIgA did not correlate with age, sex, Asian ethnicity, and BMI of the children. CONCLUSION Diurnal patterns of sAA and sIgA exist in healthy young children and are not affected by their nutrient intake, sex, Asian ethnicity, and BMI. Scientists including sIgA and sAA in their research must consider the diurnal pattern that these markers exhibit and design the study accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. W. Lim
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Matrix Building #05-01b, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138667
| | - S. Nambiar
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Matrix Building #05-01b, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138667
| | - L. Muhardi
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Matrix Building #05-01b, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138667
| | - U. H. Abdul Kader
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Matrix Building #05-01b, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138667
| | - J. Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E. Sandalova
- Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Matrix Building #05-01b, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138667
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Karippot A, Groover S, Ai J, Nambiar S. Utility of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in appendiceal carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy281.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Nambiar S, Laessig K, Toerner J, Farley J, Cox E. Antibacterial Drug Development: Challenges, Recent Developments, and Future Considerations. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 96:147-9. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Nambiar S, Sivapatham L, Yong C, Omar J, Ganesalingam M. M324 SURGICO-PATHOLOGICAL SPREAD PATTERNS OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER IN WOMEN WHO UNDERWENT SURGERY IN AMPANG HOSPITAL MALAYSIA: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Iarikov D, Demian H, Rubin D, Alexander J, Nambiar S. Choice and doses of antibacterial agents for cement spacers in treatment of prosthetic joint infections: review of published studies. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:1474-80. [PMID: 22918993 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addition of antibacterial drugs to interim antibacterial cement spacers (ACSs) is considered to be standard of care for surgical revision in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). We reviewed published studies evaluating the choice and doses of antibacterials in spacers. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search of all clinical study reports evaluating the use of ACSS in a 2-stage hip or knee arthroplasty for treatment of PJI (1988 through August 2011). The trial design, antibacterials used, and end points studied were analyzed. RESULTS No randomized trials were found comparing either ACSs with different concentrations of antibacterials or ACSs with or without antibacterials. Most of the studies were uncontrolled and used various time points to evaluate the outcome. Twenty publications that reported doses of antibacterials in spacers and had a follow-up of ≥ 24 months after the second stage were selected for review. Most ACSs included vancomycin and aminoglycosides. The doses of aminoglycosides and vancomycin ranged from 0.25 to 4.8 g and from 1 to 4 g, respectively, per 4 g of cement. No association between reported eradication of the infection and antibacterial load was found. CONCLUSIONS Published data do not allow evaluation of whether antibacterials in temporary cement spacers provide additional benefits in the treatment of PJI, compared with systemic antibacterials, and are not sufficient to support recommendations on dosages. Complications of ACSs have not been consistently analyzed. Prospective randomized trials comparing spacers with and without antibacterials or spacers with different loads of antibacterials are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ACSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iarikov
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Division of Anti-Infective Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
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Verdoodt B, Sommerer F, Palisaar RJ, Noldus J, Vogt M, Nambiar S, Tannapfel A, Mirmohammadsadegh A, Neid M. Inverse association of p16INK4a and p14ARF methylation of the CDKN2a locus in different Gleason scores of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011; 14:295-301. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2011.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Nambiar S, van Leeuwen J, van Dessel H, McGee E. Effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogens on vaginal mucosal histology. Fertil Steril 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- H Swami
- Graded Specialist (ENT), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Bangalore
| | - A Dutta
- Classified Specialist (ENT), 5 Air Force Hospital, Jorhat
| | - S Nambiar
- Resident (ENT), Command Hospital (AF), Bangalore-560007
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21
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Singer M, Nambiar S, Valappil T, Higgins K, Gitterman S. Historical and regulatory perspectives on the treatment effect of antibacterial drugs for community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47 Suppl 3:S216-24. [PMID: 18986293 DOI: 10.1086/591407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A noninferiority margin based on the treatment effect of antibacterial drugs is required for noninferiority studies of community-acquired pneumonia. A quantitative estimate of treatment effect is generally determined from placebo-controlled trials, but, since the mid-to-late 1930s, no studies have compared outcomes for patients who received placebo (or no specific therapy) with those for patients who received an antibacterial drug for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. In this article, early controlled studies, as well as observational data, are reviewed, and the beneficial effect of antibacterial drugs on mortality rates among patients with pneumococcal pneumonia is demonstrated. However, because these data were obtained in the early 20th century, several important factors have changed, including patient populations, the etiological agents of pneumonia, and medical standards of care. Thus, the applicability of these studies to the determination of a noninferiority margin for contemporary trials for community-acquired pneumonia remains in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Singer
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Office of Antimicrobial Products, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA.
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22
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Higgins K, Singer M, Valappil T, Nambiar S, Lin D, Cox E. Overview of recent studies of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47 Suppl 3:S150-6. [PMID: 18986282 DOI: 10.1086/591397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
All recent studies of antibacterial drugs for the indication of community-acquired pneumonia submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration have been designed as noninferiority studies. We provide a summary of results of 7 recent clinical studies of oral antibacterial drugs for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. In these 7 studies, the majority of patients enrolled had Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team scores of I or II. The percentage of randomized subjects with pathogens identified at baseline ranged from 47% to 76%, and the percentage of subjects with Streptoccocus pneumoniae isolated at baseline ranged from approximately 6% to 20%. The primary end point in these studies was clinical cure, assessed 7-21 days after completion of therapy. Clinical cure rates were >80% in the intent-to-treat populations and >90% in the per-protocol populations. We also briefly summarize the results from several recently submitted clinical studies of intravenously administered antibacterial drugs for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, in which we found similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Higgins
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA.
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Hengge UR, Mirmohammadsadegh A, Nambiar S, Delia D, Gustrau A. Role of erythropoietin receptor expression in malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.9070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hengge UR, Marini A, Mirmohammadsadegh A, Nambiar S, Gustrau A, Ruzicka T. Methylation of circulating DNA in melanoma patients. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8027 Background: DNA methylation is a well-known epigenetic phenomenon that occurs in higher order eukaryotes. Changes in the status of DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) is one of the common molecular alterations in many carcinomas. Methods: The purpose of this study was to investigate hypermethylation status of five different genes (TSG and cell cycle genes) involved in tumor suppression and DNA repair. Results: Serum before therapeutic intervention from 32 melanoma patients (stage I = 13; stage II = 9; stage III/IV = 10) was collected, cell-free DNA was isolated and sodium bisulfite conversion of genomic DNA was performed. The methylation status of CpG islands in the promotor region of SOCS1, SOCS2 (suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 and 2); RASSF1a (Ras-association domain family protein 1A); CDKN (D-type p16INK4a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor); and MGMT (O6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase) were analyzed using methylation specific-PCR (MSP). For comparison, sera from healthy controls (n = 20) and patients with other skin tumors (9 basal cell cancers, 5 Kaposi’s sarcoma) as well as different cancers (5 breast cancers, 5 colon cancers) were also analyzed. In addition, we examined if methylation was involved in silencing of these genes in 20 fresh melanoma specimens and we confirmed the hypermethylation status of SOCS2 using positional methylation analysis (pyrosequencing). Moreover, the expression of these genes was investigated cell lines (BLM, A375, MV3, and M13). Analysis of sera from cutaneous melanoma patients demonstrated circulating hypermethylated SOCS 1 in 59%, SOCS2 in 53%, RASSF1a in 53%, CDKN2a in 50%, while the MGMT did not show clear methylation pattern. Serum of healthy controls showed no methylation of any of the analyzed genes. The mRNA transcript of these genes showed a clear and significant downregulation, except for MGMT, for which an up regulation (7.3 times) was detected being consistent with the lack of promotor methylation. Detailed positional methylation analysis (pyrosequencing) has been performed for these genes and was found to correlate with mRNA expression in the tumor specimens in most cases. Conclusions: Analysis of positional methylation of circulating cell-free DNA seems to be a novel tool for molecular diagnosis in melanoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Marini
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - S. Nambiar
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A. Gustrau
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T. Ruzicka
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hassan M, Mirmohammadsadegh A, Selimovic D, Nambiar S, Tannapfel A, Hengge UR. Identification of functional genes during Fas-mediated apoptosis using a randomly fragmented cDNA library. Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62:2015-26. [PMID: 16091844 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-5172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a general strategy for the identification of functional genes that, when downregulated, result in a selectable phenotype. This strategy is based on expression selection of cDNA fragments that counteract their cognate genes. A cDNA library containing random fragments expressed in human HepG2, A375 and CLS-354 cells was used to identify functional genes whose inhibition conferred resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis. Thirty-five clones were isolated, 28 of which were derived from unknown genes, that tagged 19 individual genes and 7 of which referred to known genes that tagged the apoptosis-related protein (APR)-1, -2 and indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3,-dioxygenase (IDO). The ability of APR-1-, -2- and IDO-derived antisense RNAs to induce resistance to Fas in HepG2, A375 and CLS-354 cells suggested that APR-1, -2 and IDO genes are involved in the machinery of Fas-mediated apoptosis. Our gene discovery strategy provides a generally applicable procedure to identify functional genes that interfere with apoptosis, and may therefore be clinically relevant for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hassan
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hengge UR, Baer A, Bardenheuer W, Nambiar S, Tannapfel A, Schartl M. Towards a molecular profile of melanoma: Dysregulation of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- U. R. Hengge
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Pathology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Würzburg, Physiological Chemistry I, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A. Baer
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Pathology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Würzburg, Physiological Chemistry I, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - W. Bardenheuer
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Pathology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Würzburg, Physiological Chemistry I, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S. Nambiar
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Pathology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Würzburg, Physiological Chemistry I, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A. Tannapfel
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Pathology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Würzburg, Physiological Chemistry I, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M. Schartl
- University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Pathology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Würzburg, Physiological Chemistry I, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Nambiar S, Léger MM, Singh N. Sharps injuries in a pediatric teaching hospital: a shared responsibility. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001; 155:1277-8. [PMID: 11695942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Nambiar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nambiar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Nambiar S, Schwartz RH, Constantino A. Hypertension in mother and baby linked to ingestion of Chinese herbal medicine. West J Med 1999; 171:152. [PMID: 10560284 PMCID: PMC1305794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Abstract
The prevalence and cellular distribution of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) in archival labial salivary glands was analysed for virus-specific DNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization signals. In addition, the cellular expression of HHV-7-encoded protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining with a virus-specific monoclonal antibody. Eleven of 20 samples were positive for the HHV-7 DNA sequence by PCR. Eighteen of 20 tissues analysed by in situ hybridization showed signals in ductal, serous and mucous cells. Some nuclei of these cells and also the myoepithelial population were positive. In immunolocalization studies, all 20 salivary glands consistently showed HHV-7-expressed protein in the cytoplasm of ductal cuboidal and columnar cells. The protein was also found in the cytoplasm of mucous and serous acinar cells that were immunopositive for HHV-7. The observations are consistent with the suggestion that the labial salivary gland is a site for virus replication, potential persistence and a source of infective HHV-7 in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Natraj U, Pereira J, Nambiar S, Mahale S, Iyer KS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for riboflavin carrier protein and modified protein: application for epitope analysis. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1992; 29:277-81. [PMID: 1380947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit antibodies to native riboflavin carrier protein (RCP), are to a large extent directed towards the conformational epitopes and antibodies to disulphide bond reduced carboxymethylated riboflavin carrier protein (RCM-RCP) to the sequential epitopes. Taking advantage of this premise and in order to map the epitopes of RCP recognized by the antibodies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were validated for RCP and RCM-RCP using the Avidin-Biotin system. The usefulness of these assays were illustrated when antigenicity of peptides derived from RCM-RCP following trypsinization were examined. Two major (T1,T2) and one minor peptide (T3) fractions were obtained when the tryptic peptides were fractionated on DEAE-cellulose. RCP has a blocked N-terminal. Tryptic peptides (T1 and T2) on microsequencing revealed the absence of an N-terminal amino acid, indicating that these fragments emanate from the N-terminal region of RCP. In support of this observation is the finding that antipeptide antibody to cRCP (10-24) of cRCP interacted with T1 as well as T2 indicating the presence of the sequential epitope (10-24) of cRCP in these fragments. In RCP-ELISA, only T2 displaced RCP and peptides T1 and T2 displaced RCM-RCP in RCM-RCP ELISA. Differences in the ability of these fragments (T1 and T2) to displace RCP and RCM-RCP reflect the subtle changes in the spatial structures of these epitopes in RCP and RCM-RCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Natraj
- Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR), Parel, Bombay
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McAlister D, Nambiar S, Taylor KG, Doyle RJ. Glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus sobrinus C211 are both stimulated and inhibited by hydrogen peroxide. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1989; 4:146-52. [PMID: 2534763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1989.tb00242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There are 2 glucosyltransferases (GTF) produced by Streptococcus sobrinus C211. One enzyme, GTF-S, produces a water-soluble glucan that is a-1,6-linked, with short a-1,3 branches, and the other enzyme, GTF-I, produces a water-insoluble glucan that is a-1,3-linked with a-1,6 branches. Hydrogen peroxide was found not only to be a potent inhibitor of GTF activity, but also a stimulator of GTF activity when employed at relatively low concentrations. At 0.88 M, H2O2 completely inhibited insoluble glucan synthesis, whereas at a 0.29 M concentration, H2O2 enhanced synthesis of the same glucan. Soluble glucan synthesis was also inhibited by H2O2 at 1.47 M. Low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide with GTF-S, however, caused the enzyme to convert from soluble glucan production to insoluble glucan production. 13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of glucans produced by peroxide-treated GTF confirmed that the production of a-1,3 linked glucans was increased with H2O2-treated GTF-S.
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